Terahertz Bessel Beam Applied to Thickness Measurement of Ellipsometry Methods

This paper introduces a Terahertz (THz) ellipsometer thickness measurement method based on Bessel beams. The ellipsometry method is used to measure the thickness of film in the THz band. And the thickness of film could be measured in the range of hundreds of microns which the measurement of film thickness by ellipsometer is usually only a few hundred nm in visible light. In addition, the photon energy of the THz-wave is very low and has little damage to the film. The THz Bessel beam has the characteristics of self-healing and diffraction-free. It can make the film thickness measurement within the diffraction-free distance, which is conducive to the flexibility of the ellipsometer system. We use a multi-frequency method to measure film with two-dimensional finite different time domain (FDTD) to numerical simulation analysis of light intensity successfully.

Spectroscopy Studies on Stream Sediments in the Terahertz Range

In order to study stream sediments in the terahertz range, we have measured six reference stream sediment samples by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). We obtained the absorption coefficients and refractive indexes. By analyzing the spectra, we got different drops in amplitude and delays in time. The absorption and refractive properties of samples changed with its components and types. In addition, we also found there was a nearly linear relationship between the absorption coefficient and the frequency. We calculated the slope value (K) of each sample by linear fitting, and find the K was corresponding to the contents of the samples. The results showed THz-TDS was an effective method to the analysis of stream sediments.

Seasonal phenotypic flexibility in body mass,basal thermogenesis,and tissue oxidative capacity in the male Silky Starling(Sturnus sericeus)

Background: Acclimatization to winter conditions is an essential prerequisite for the survival of small birds in the northern temperate zone.Changes in photoperiod,ambient temperature and food availability trigger seasonal physiological and behavioral acclimatization in many passerines.Seasonal trends in metabolic parameters are well known in avian populations from temperate environments;however,the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying these trends are incompletely understood.In this study,we used an integrative approach to measure variation in the thermogenic properties of the male Silky Starling(Sturnus sericeus) at different levels or organization,from the whole organism to the biochemical.We measured body mass(Mb),basal metabolic rate(BMR),energy budget,the mass of selected internal organs,state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(COX) activity in the heart,liver and muscle.Methods: Oxygen consumption was measured using an open-circuit respirometry system.The energy intake of the birds were then determined using an oxygen bomb calorimeter.Mitochondrial state 4 respiration and COX activity in heart,liver and pectoral muscle were measured with a Clark electrode.Results: The results suggest that acclimatization to winter conditions caused significant change in each of the measured variables,specifically,increases in Mb,organ mass,BMR,energy intake and cellular enzyme activity.Furthermore,BMR was positively correlated with body mass,energy intake,the mass of selected internal organs,state 4 respiration in the heart,liver and muscle,and COX activity in the heart and muscle.Conclusions: These results suggest that the male Silky Starling's enhanced basal thermogenesis under winter conditions is achieved by making a suite of adjustments from the whole organism to the biochemical level,and provide further evidence to support the notion that small birds have high phenotypic plasticity with respect to seasonal changes.

Seasonal variation in body mass and energy budget in Chinese bulbuls (pycnonotus sinensis)

Background: Seasonal adjustments in body mass and energy budget are important for the survival of small birds in temperate zones. Seasonal changes in body mass, body temperature, gross energy intake(GEI), digestible energy intake(DEI), body fat content, as well as length and mass of the digestive tract, were measured in Chinese Bulbuls(Pycnonotus sinensis) caught in the wild at Wenzhou, China.Methods: Body mass was determined with a Sartorius balance. The caloric contents of the dried food and feces were then determined using a oxygen bomb calorimeter. Total fat was extracted from the dried carcasses by ether extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The digestive tract of each bird was measured and weighed, and was then dried to a constant mass.Results: Body mass showed a significant seasonal variation and was higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn. Body fat was higher in winter than in other seasons. GEI and DEI were significantly higher in winter.The length and mass of the digestive tract were greatest in winter and the magnitude of both these parameters was positively correlated with body mass, GEI and DEI. Small passerines typically have higher daily energy expenditure in winter, necessitating increased food consumption.Conclusions: This general observation is consistent with the observed winter increase in gut volume and body mass in Chinese Bulbuls. These results suggest that Chinese Bulbuls adjust to winter conditions by increasing their body mass, body fat, GEI, DEI and digestive tract size.

The role of temperature as a driver of metabolic flexibility in the Red-billed Leiothrix(Leiothrix lutea)

Background:The thermoregulatory ability of animals is strongly influenced by the temperature of their environment.Acclimation to cold requires a range of physiological and morphological adjustments.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that a small passerine,the Red-billed Leiothrix(Leiothrix lutea),can maintain homeothermy in cold conditions by adjusting the physiology and biochemistry of its tissue and organs and return to its former physiological and biochemical state when moved to a warm temperature.Methods:Phenotypic variation in thermogenic activity of the Red-billed Leiothrixs(Leiothrix lutea)was investigated under warm(35℃),normal(25℃)or cold(15℃)ambient temperature conditions.Oxygen consumption was measured using an open-circuit respirometry system.Mitochondrial state-4 respiration and cytochrome-c oxidase(COX)activity in liver,kidney heart and pectoral muscle were measured with a Clark electrode.Results:Birds acclimated to an ambient temperature of 15℃ for 4 weeks significantly increased their basal metabolic rate(BMR)compared to a control group kept at 25℃.Birds acclimated to 35℃ decreased their BMR,gross energy intake(GEI)and digestible energy intake(DEI).Furthermore,birds acclimated to 15℃ increased state-4 respiration in their pectoral muscles and cytochrome-c oxidase(COX)activity in their liver and pectoral muscle,compared to the 25℃ control group.Birds acclimated to 35℃ also displayed lower state-4 respiration and COX activity in the liver,heart and pectoral muscles,compared to those kept at 25℃.There was a positive correlation between BMR and state-4 respiration,and between BMR and COX activity,in all of the above organs except the liver and heart.Conclusions:Our study illustrates that the morphological,physiological,and enzymatic changes are associated with temperature acclimation in the Red-billed Leiothrix,and supports the notion that the primary means by which small birds meet the energetic challenges of cold conditions is through metabolic adjustments.

Thermogenic responses in Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus)to seasonal acclimatization and temperature-photoperiod acclimation

Background:Small birds in temperate habitats must either migrate,or adjust aspects of their morphology,physiology and behavior to cope with seasonal change in temperature and photoperiod.It is,however,difficult to accurately measure how seasonal changes in temperature and photoperiod affect physiological processes such as basal metabolic rate(BMR)and metabolic activity.To address this problem,we collected data in each month of the year on body mass(Mb)and BMR,and conducted a series of experiments to determine the effect of temperature and photoperiod on Mb,BMR and physiological markers of metabolic activity,in the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus).Methods:In one experiment,we measured monthly change in Mb and BMR in a captive group of birds over a year.In another experiment,we examined the effects of acclimating birds to two different temperatures,10 and 30℃,and a long and a short photoperiod(16 h light:8 h dark and 8 h light:16 h dark,respectively)for 4 weeks.Results:We found that these treatments induced sparrows to adjust their Mb and metabolic rate processes.Acclimation to 30℃for 4 weeks significantly decreased sparrows’Mb,BMR,and energy intake,including both gross energy intake and digestible energy intake,compared to birds acclimated to 10℃.The dry mass of the liver,kidneys and digestive tract of birds acclimated to 30℃also significantly decreased,although their heart and skeletal muscle mass did not change significantly relative to those acclimated to 10℃.Birds acclimated to 30℃also had lower mitochondrial state-4 respiration(S4R)and cytochrome c oxidase(COX)activity in their liver and skeletal muscle,compared to those acclimated to 10℃.Birds acclimated to the long photoperiod also had lower mitochondrial S4R and COX activity in their liver,compared to those acclimated to the short photoperiod.Conclusions:These results illustrate the changes in morphology,physiology,and enzyme activity induced by seasonal change in temperature and photoperiod in a small temperate passerine.Both temperature and photoperiod probably have a strong effect on seasonal variation in metabolic heat production in small birds in temperate regions.The effect of temperature is,however,stronger than that of photoperiod.

Relationships between interspecific differences in the mass of internal organs,biochemical markers of metabolic activity,and the thermogenic properties of three smallpasserines

Background:The capacity for thermogenesis is considered part of an animal's adaptive strategy for survival,and basal metabolic rate(BMR) is one of the fundamental physiological standards for assessing the energy cost of thermoregulation in endotherms.BMR has been shown to be a highly flexible phenotypic trait both between,and within,species,but the metabolic mechanisms involved in the regulation of BMR,which range from variation in organ mass to biochemical adjustments,remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the relationship between organ mass,biochemical markers of metabolic tissue activity,and thermogenesis,in three species of small passerines:wild Bramblings(Fringilla montifringilla),Little Buntings(Emberiza pusilla) and Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus),caught in Wenzhou,southeastern China.Methods:Oxygen consumption was measured using an open-circuit respirometry system.Mitochondrial state-4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(COX) activity in liver and pectoral muscle were measured with a Clark electrode.Results:Our results show that Eurasian Tree Sparrows had significantly higher BMR,digestive organ mass,mitochondrial state-4 respiration capacity and COX activity in liver and muscle,than Bramblings and Little Buntings.Furthermore,interspecific differences in BMR were strongly correlated with those indigestive tract mass,state-4 respiration and COX activity.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the digestive organ mass,state-4 respiration and COX activity play an important role in determining interspecific differences in BMR.

Fiber Bragg grating monitors for thermal and stress of the composite insulators in transmission lines

Running composite insulators are prone to failure due to their harsh surrounding work environment, which directly affects the safe operation of transmission lines. This paper puts forward the method of using fiber Bragg grating(FBG) as the monitors to parameters correlated with thermal and stress of the composite insulators in transmission lines at working status. Firstly, monitoring points are found out by the mechanical test on composite insulator samples. Secondly, based on the monitoring theory, this paper introduces the feasibility design frame of the composite insulator with FBG implanted in the rod and the online monitor system. At last, it describes applications of this monitor system in the field of transmission lines.

Food restriction decreases BMR,body and organ mass,and cellular energetics,in the Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis)

Background: Food is an important environmental factor that affects animals' energy metabolism and food shortage has significant effects on animals' behavior, physiology and biochemistry. However, to date few studies have focused on the thermogenesis and its effects on the body condition of birds. In this study, we examined the effects of food restriction on the body mass, basal metabolic rate(BMR) and body composition, and several physiological, biochemical and molecular markers potentially related to thermogenesis, in the Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis).Methods: Birds in the control group were provided with food ad libitum whereas those in the food restriction group were provided with one-half of the usual quantity of food for 12 days. Oxygen consumption was measured using an open-circuit respirometry system. Mitochondrial state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(COX) activity in the liver and pectoral muscle were measured with a Clark electrode. Avian uncoupling protein(avUCP) mRNA expression was determined in pectorals muscle with quantitative Real-time PCR.Results:Chinese Bulbuls in food restriction group decreased in body mass,BMR and internal organ(heart,kidneys,small intestine and total digestive tract)mass compared with the control group over the 12-day period of food restriction.Bulbuls in the food restriction group also had lower levels of state-4 respiration,COX activity in the liver and muscle,and mitochondrial avUCP gene expression in muscle compared to the control group.BMR was positively correlated with body mass,state 4 respiration in the liver and COX activity in the muscle.Conclusions:Our data indicate that Chinese Bulbuls not only sustain food shortage through simple passive mechanisms,such as reducing body and organ mass and energy expenditure,but also by reducing energetic metabolism in the liver and muscle.

Daily variation in body mass and thermoregulation in male Hwamei(Garrulax canorus) at different seasons

Background: Acclimatization to winter conditions is an essential prerequisite for survival of small passerines of the northern temperate zone. In the present study, we measured diurnal variations in body mass, body temperature and basal metabolic rate(BMR) for seasonally acclimatized Hwameis(Garrulax canorus).Methods: Body mass was determined with a Sartorius balance. Metabolic rates of Hwameis were measured with an open-circuit respirometry system.Results: Body masses varied with time of day and were higher in daytime for Hwameis in both summer and winter, and body masses in winter were higher compared to that in summer. Body temperatures of Hwameis were higher in daytime, and the summer acclimatized birds had significantly higher body temperatures compared to the winter acclimatized birds. BMRs of Hwameis were significantly higher during the daytime compared to the nighttime of the daily cycle in both summer and winter, and Hwameis in winter had significantly higher BMRs than that in summer.Conclusions: This result showed that Hwameis rely mostly on metabolic capacity to maintain their body temperature in cold weathers, and Hwameis exhibited daily and seasonal flexibility in morphology and physiology which is important under changing environmental conditions.

EDTA-2Na和醋酸铜对Cu2S薄膜水热原位合成及光催化性能的影响

本文以硫脲为硫源采用水热法在铜片表面原位制备出Cu2S薄膜材料,采用XRD、SEM以及ABIOS表面光度仪等多种表征手段,分别考察了表面活性剂EDTA-2Na和醋酸铜对Cu2S薄膜晶体结构、形貌及表面粗糙度的影响,并进一步研究了不同条件下所得薄膜的光催化性能。结果表明,醋酸铜能够抑制Cu2S晶体树枝状生长,在降低薄膜表面粗糙度的同时也降低了薄膜的密实性;醋酸铜和表面活性剂共同作用能够在一定程度上提高晶体的致密性;只加入表面活性剂EDTA-2Na所获得的薄膜的光催化性能最好,对亚甲基蓝在80 min的光催化降解效率可达92.8%,主要是由于薄膜表面Cu2S分布均一、颗粒尺寸较小导致。

Antioxidant defense mechanisms and fatty acid catabolism in Red-billed Leiothrix(Leiothrix lutea)exposed to high temperatures

Extreme hot weather is occurring more frequently due to global warming,posing a significant threat to species survival.Birds in particular are more likely to overheat in hot weather because they have a higher body temperature.This study used a heat stress model to investigate the antioxidant defense mechanisms and changes in fatty acid catabolism in Red-billed Leiothrix(Leiothrix lutea)to gain an understanding of how birds adapt to high temperatures.The birds were divided into five groups:a control group(30℃for 0 days),1 D group(40℃for 1 day),3 D group(40℃for 3 days),14 D group(40℃for 14 days)and recovery group(40℃for 14 days,then 30℃for 14 days).Our results indicated that when Red-billed Leiothrix are subjected to heat stress,malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the liver significantly increased,as did the enzyme activities of catalase(CAT),glutathione-SH-peroxidase(GSH-PX)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the liver.Furthermore,there was a significant increase in heat shock protein 70(HSP70)expression in the liver,while avian uncoupling protein(avUCP)expression in muscle was significantly reduced.Additionally,there was a significant reduction in fatty acid catabolism enzyme activity such as 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAdehydrogenase(HOAD)activity in the heart,and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT-1)and citrate synthase(CS)activity in the heart and liver.Furthermore,fatty acid translocase(FAT/CD36)in the heart,heart-type fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)and fatty acid binding protein(FABP-pm)in the liver and heart were also significantly decreased.These changes reverted after treatment,but not to the same level as the control group.Our results indicated that when Red-billed Leiothrix are exposed to heat stress their internal antioxidant defense system is activated to counteract the damage caused by high temperatures.However,even with high antioxidant levels,prolonged high temperature exposure still caused some degree of oxidative damage possibly requiring a longer recovery time.Additionally,Red-billed Leiothrix may be able to resist heat stress by reducing fatty acid transport and catabolism.

Seasonal acclimatization and temperature acclimation in small passerine birds is achieved via metabolic adjustments

Temperature and other environmental factors play an integral role in the metabolic adjustments of animals and drive a series of morphological,physiological,and behavioral adaptions essential to survival.However,it is not clear how the capacity of an organism for temperature acclimation translates into seasonal acclimatization to maintain survival.Basal metabolic rate(BMR),evaporative water loss(EWL),and energy budget were measured in the Chinese Hwamei(Garrulax canorus)following winter and summer acclimatization,and in those acclimatized to 15℃(cold)and 35℃(warm)under laboratory conditions for 28 days.In addition to the above indicators,internal organ masses,as well as state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(COX)activity were also measured for the liver,skeletal muscle,heart,and kidney.Both winter-acclimatized and cold-acclimated birds exhibited significantly higher BMR,EWL,and energy budget,as well as organ masses,state 4 respiration,and COX activity compared with the summer-acclimatized and warm-acclimated birds.This indicated that the Chinese Hwamei could adapt to seasonal or just temperature changes through some physiological and biochemical thermogenic adjustments,which would be beneficial to cope with natural environmental changes.A general linear model showed that body mass,BMR,GEI,state 4 respiration in the liver and kidney,and COX activity in the skeletal muscle,liver,and kidney were significantly affected by temperature and acclimation.A positive correlation was observed between BMR and each of the other parameters(body mass,EWL,energy budget,heart dry mass,kidney dry mass,state 4 respiration)in the muscle,heart,and kidney and also between BMR and COX activity in the muscle and kidney.The results suggested that similar to seasonal acclimatization,Chinese Hwameis subjected to temperature acclimation also exhibited significant differences in metabolism-related physiological and biochemical parameters,depending on the temperature.The data also supported the prediction that metabolic adjustment might be the primary means by which small birds meet the energetic challenges triggered by cold conditions.

Acoustic Characteristics of Advertisement Calls in Babina adenopleura

Acoustic communication is the most important form of communication in anuran amphibians. To understand the acoustic characteristics of male Babina adenopleura, we recorded advertisement calls and analyzed their acoustic parameters during the breeding season. Male B. adenopleura produced calls with a variable number of notes（1–5）, and each note contained harmonics. Although 6% of call notes did not exhibit frequency modulation（FM）, two call note FM patterns were observed：（1） upward FM;（2） upward–downward FM. With the exception of 1- and 5- note calls, the duration of successive notes decreased monotonically. With the exception of 1 note calls, the fundamental frequency of the first note was lowest, then increased; the greatest change in the fundamental frequency was always between notes 1 and 2. The dominant frequency varied between calls. For example for the first call note the dominant frequency occurred in some cases in the first harmonic（located in the 605.320 ± 64.533 Hz frequency band）, the second harmonic（918 ± 9 Hz band）, the fourth harmonic（1712 ± 333 Hz band）, the sixth harmonic（the 2165 ± 152 Hz band）, the seventh harmonic（the 2269 ± 140 Hz band）, the eighth harmonic（the 2466 ± 15 Hz band） or the ninth harmonic（the 2636 ± 21 Hz band）. Although male B. adenopleura advertisement calls have a distinctive structure, they have similar characteristics to the calls of the music frog, B. daunchina.

Impact of Leucine 278 Residue on Fatty Acid Length Specificity of <i>Candida antarctica</i>Lipase B

Structural analysis of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) indicates that side chain of leucine at 278 site lies above the entrance of the catalytic pocket, which prognosticates its potential role on substrate specificity of the enzyme. To verify this presumption, shortened side chain of glycine or proline was rational designed and mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis method. The colorimetric assay using p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids with various chain-lengths was used to study the substrate preference of lipases. Results indicated that L278G or L278P mutations both induced the drift of substrate specificity of CALB from p-nitrophenyl caprylate (pNP-C8) to longer carbon chain length of p-nitrophenyl caprate (pNP-C10). Meanwhile, Vmax value of two mutants to pNP-C10 was both higher than that of wild-type. Docking results also indicated that shortened side chain of glycine or proline residues substitution at this site could get rid of the space block present above the catalytic pocket, and made longer chain substrate (pNP-C10) enter into the catalytic pocket easier. The modulation of specificity observed allowed for building substrate binding model and opened new possibilities for designing ligand specific lipases.

The Effects of Fe₂O₃and B₂O₃on the Glass Structural, Thermal, <i>in Vitro</i>Degradation Properties of Phosphate Based Glasses

Currently, phosphate based glasses have been potential future biomaterial for medical application due to excellent cytocompatibility and fully bioresorbability. In this study, phosphate based glass system with composition of 48P2O5-12B2O3-(25-X)MgO-14CaO-1Na2O-(X)Fe2O3 (X = 6, 8, 10) and 45P2O5-(Y)B2O3-(32-Y)MgO-14CaO-1Na2O-8Fe2O3 (Y = 12, 15, 20), was prepared via a melting quenching process. The effect of replacing MgO with Fe2O3 and B2O3 on the structural, thermal, degradation properties of phosphate based glass was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the polymerisation of phosphate based glass network with addition of Fe2O3, thus the processing window was observed to increase whilst the dissolution rate was reduced, attributed to the formation of Fe-O-P cross-link. As the effect on the glass structure stability was demonstrated by both B2O3 and MgO, the nonlinear variation of thermal stability and degradation behaviour was observed for glass system with substitution of MgO by B2O3. However, due to the lower dissolution rate of glass system when compared to the biocompatible phosphate based glass in preliminary study, the expected cytocompatibility could be confirmed in the downstream activities.

A cuttlefish ink nanoparticle-reinforced biopolymer hydrogel with robust adhesive and immunomodulatory features for treating oral ulcers in diabetes

Oral ulcers can be managed using a variety of biomaterials that deliver drugs or cytokines.However,many patients experience minimal benefits from certain medical treatments because of poor compliance,short retention times in the oral cavity,and inadequate drug efficacy.Herein,we present a novel hydrogel patch(SCE2)composed of a biopolymer matrix(featuring ultraviolet-triggered adhesion properties)loaded with cuttlefish ink nanoparticles(possessing pro-healing functions).Applying a straightforward local method initiates the formation of a hydrogel barrier that adheres to mucosal injuries under the influence of ultraviolet light.SCE2 then demonstrates exceptional capabilities for near-infrared photothermal sterilization and neutralization of reactive oxygen species.These properties contribute to the elimination of bacteria and the management of the oxidation process,thus accelerating the healing phase’s progression from inflammation to proliferation.In studies involving diabetic rats with oral ulcers,the SCE2 adhesive patch significantly quickens recovery by altering the inflamed state of the injured area,facilitating rapid re-epithelialization,and fostering angiogenesis.In conclusion,this light-sensitive hydrogel patch offers a promising path to expedited wound healing,potentially transforming treatment strategies for clinical oral ulcers.

可数无限群作用子集的单纯Bowen拓扑熵 献给杨乐教授80华诞

本文研究紧度量空间上可数无限群作用给出的动力系统G■X.特别地,对于X的任何一个子集Z,定义这个群作用相对于子集Z的单纯(naive) Bowen拓扑熵htopnv(G, Z).进一步,本文研究这种熵的基本性质,并且对于非顺从的可数无限群,计算这种熵的取值范围.事实证明,这种单纯熵的取值真的很单纯,反映了动力系统复杂度的一种二分现象.

二硫化钼基复合材料的合成及光催化降解与产氢特性

随着环境污染和能源短缺的加剧,无污染环境修复技术及清洁能源替代工程已成为一项重要而紧迫的任务。作为层状结构的过渡金属硫化物,二硫化钼带隙较窄,边缘具有高的反应活性,容易与其他物质形成复合结构,是近年来光催化环境修复及清洁能源领域的研究热点。本文详细介绍了半导体二硫化钼及其复合物的合成方法和光催化降解与产氢行为,重点阐述了二硫化钼及其复合物的具体复合方式、光催化降解污染物活性、光催化产氢活性以及具体的降解与产氢机理等方面的内容,并举例说明。二硫化钼及其复合物在光催化降解污染物和光催化产氢方面具有绿色、廉价、高效等优点,在环境修复及清洁能源领域具有巨大的潜力和应用发展前景。

硫化铟锌的改性合成及光催化特性

随着社会经济的高速发展,能源的短缺和生态的破坏引起了人们的关注。近年来,寻找合适的解决方案已成为关注的重点。作为一种绿色环保技术,光催化由于其高效、低成本等优点而成为能源和环境问题的研究热点。在许多光催化材料中,三元硫化物硫化铟锌(ZnIn_(2)S_(4))由于具有可见光响应特性、简单的制备方法和出色的稳定性而表现出巨大的潜力。然而,较高的载流子复合率限制了其光催化性能。近年来,许多研究报道了改性ZnIn_(2)S_(4)以提高其光催化性能,在此,本文详细介绍了各种改性研究,包括ZnIn_(2)S_(4)单体的合成、半导体化合物的结构、贵金属沉积、碳元素改性、离子掺杂。然后,系统完整地总结了ZnIn_(2)S_(4)在光催化、降解有机污染物、去除六价铬、还原CO;和有机合成等方面表现出的光催化特性和机理。最后,对ZnIn_(2)S_(4)的发展前景提出了展望,以期ZnIn_(2)S_(4)光催化剂得到更广泛和深入的研究,尽快在实际生产中得到应用。