智能技术赋能教育数字化治理:内涵、框架及路径

当前,我国教育领域正迈进“数字融合”“数据治理”“数智决策”的数字化转型时代。而推进教育数字化治理是数字化转型背景下,教育系统响应国家教育数字化战略行动步伐、提升教育管理服务效能、开创新阶段教育治理新格局的时代动因和诉求。教育数字化治理呈现出数据要素化、平台一体化、流程最优化、决策协同化、伦理治理规范化等显著特征。应在正确把握其时代背景、目标价值和内涵特征的基础上,以整体生态视角系统构建多层次教育数字化治理体系、智能技术支撑体系、数字伦理与安全治理体系,以智能技术作为基础支撑,以加强数字伦理与安全管理为重要保障,从国家、区域、学校各层次整体推进教育数字化治理,形成智能技术赋能教育数字化治理的逻辑框架。据此提出,利用智能技术赋能教育数字化治理,需推进区域教育数据治理和管理服务数字化、推动校园综合管理服务和育人数字化、构筑数字技术应用伦理和安全治理体系,从而让教育决策更加科学、教育管理更加精准、教育服务更加便捷,保障教育数字化转型的创新与发展。

A New Merged Product Reveals Precipitation Features over Drylands in China

Due to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China,this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2°×0.2°during 1980–2019.The newly developed precipitation product was validated at different temporal scales(e.g.,monthly,seasonally,and annually).The results show that the new product consistently aligns with the spatiotemporal distributions reported by the Chinese Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)product and Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP).The merged product exhibits exceptional quality in describing the drylands of China,with a bias of–2.19 mm month^(–1)relative to MSWEP.In addition,the annual trend of the merged product(0.09 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))also closely aligns with that of the MSWEP(0.11 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))during 1980–2019.The increasing trend indicates that the water cycle and wetting process intensified in the drylands of China during this period.In particular,there was an increase in wetting during the period from 2001–2019.Generally,the merged product exhibits potential value for improving our understanding of the climate and water cycle in the drylands of China.

Autophagy activation aggravates neuronal injury in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats

It remains unclear whether autophagy affects hippocampal neuronal injury in vascular dementia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of autophagy blockade on hippocampal neuro- nal injury in a rat model of vascular dementia. In model rats, hippocampal CA1 neurons were severely damaged, and expression of the autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, cathepsin B and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 was elevated compared with that in sham-operated animals. These responses were suppressed in animals that received a single intraperitoneal injection of wortmannin, an autophagy inhibitor, prior to model establishment. The present results confirm that autophagy and autophagy-related proteins are involved in the pathological changes of vascular dementia, and that inhibition of autophagy has neuroprotective effects.

数字化转型背景下教育评价服务生态发展理念与路径——基于教育评价改革和教育信息化行业数据分析视角

国家教育数字化战略行动的推进,为新时代教育评价改革带来新动能。随着数字技术与教育评价的融合创新不断深入,现代教育评价走向以数字化为特征、多元主体协同创新的新形态,而推动数字化教育评价服务生态发展,是当前深化教育评价改革的重要路径。通过教育评价改革和教育信息化行业数据的实证分析,对数字化教育评价内涵特征、发展现状与面临问题、应对策略与发展框架进行研究,提出数字化转型背景下教育评价生态化发展理路,阐述“政产学研用”协同创新的数字化教育评价服务生态体系,进而从评价主体、评价对象、评价方式、数据采集与分析四个维度,对数字技术赋能教育评价体系要素使能进行分析。在此基础上,对推进数字化教育评价生态发展的综合策略进行深入分析,并展望新兴技术赋能下数字化教育评价生态发展趋势。一是提升数字素养,促进评价主体专业化;二是优化产品研发,促进技术应用集成化;三是聚焦实践问题,促进评价服务综合化;四是突出技术赋能,促进转型升级智能化;五是加强融合创新,促进生态发展一体化。

Wnt3a expression during the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into cholinergic neurons

The present study analyzed changes in Wnt3a expression during differentiation of adipose-derived stern cells into cholinergic neurons. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed significantly increased nestin, neuron-specific enolase, microtubule-associated protein 2, and choline acetyltransferase expression in adipose-derived stem cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in vitro in neural-induced medium. These expressions increased with prolonged induction time. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay results demonstrated significantly increased choline acetyltransferase and Wnt3a protein and mRNA expressions, respectively, in adipose-derived stem cells following induction. Choline acetyltransferase expression positively correlated with Wnt3a protein and mRNA expressions. These results demonstrated that neural-induced medium induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into cholinergic neuronal-like cells, with subsequent increased Wnt3a expression.

血清免疫球蛋白GN-糖基的高通量分析——一种消化道癌症的非侵入性生物标志物

免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)的N-糖基化在炎症性疾病的发展中起着重要作用。本研究旨在评价IgG N-糖基在消化道癌症亚型中的诊断效能。从中国医学科学院肿瘤医院招募749名消化道癌症患者,包括食管癌(esophageal cancer,EC)、胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)、结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)和胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer,PC)患者。采用亲水交互高效液相色谱-超高效液相色谱(hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using ultra-performance liquid chromatography,HILIC-UPLC)分析血浆中IgG的N-糖基构成。采用Bio-Plex悬液芯片系统检测方法(Bio-Rad)进行炎症因子检测。采用典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)探索糖基和炎症因子之间的相关性。采用LASSO回归和logistic回归模型,基于检测到的糖基谱建立可用于区分胃肠癌症患者和健康人群诊断模型。与健康对照组相比,EC、GC、CRC和PC患者的唾液酸化和半乳糖基化水平降低,而二等分乙酰葡萄糖胺基化水平在消化道癌症患者中升高。此外,只有胰腺癌患者具有低水平的岩藻糖基化。消化道癌症组的IL-1β、IL-31和sCD40L水平均高于对照组。IgG N-糖基的组成与炎症因子相关(r=0.556)。基于糖基的模型表现出良好的诊断效能,EC、GC、CRC和PC的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.972、0.871、0.867和0.907。这些研究结果表明,IgG N-糖基在调节消化道肿瘤的发病机制中发挥了重要作用。血清IgG N-糖基可以作为潜在的非侵入性辅助消化道癌症临床诊断的方法。

The Crisis and the Countermeasures in the Growth of China’s Travel Agencies under the Influences of COVID-19

After more than 40 years of development,China's travel agency industry has grown rapidly,but the situation of scattered,small,weak and poor has not fundamentally changed.The unexpected the public health event crisis of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought great influence on China's travel agency industry,which makes China's travel agency industry face double challenges at home and abroad,but also breeds opportunities for development.In the face of the crisis,China's travel agency industry has responded to it,trying to restore confidence and revive the economy.This paper puts forward some idea from the aspects of crisis management,marketing and product development,including the establishment and implementation of the normalized tourism public crisis response mechanism;the reconstruction of the tourism image of the travel agency industry;the strengthening of marketing,with special attention to new media marketing;the emphasis on natural education,and the enhancement of the upgrading of tourism products.

乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段土壤水盐空间分异特征及其成因

乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段土壤盐碱化治理对保障黄河流域生态安全、实现高质量发展具有重要意义。本文通过测定乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段45个采样点的土壤水盐数据,运用传统统计学和地统计学方法对该区土壤水盐空间分异特征及土壤盐碱化成因进行分析。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段土壤水盐碱含量整体呈现出自西向东、由南到北逐渐增大的趋势;其中非盐碱土占该区总面积的41.37%,轻、中、重度盐土分别占该区总面积的34.11%、10.56%和8.74%,极重度盐碱土出现在巴彦木仁苏木附近,占该区总面积的5.22%;而盐碱土以硫酸盐类(46.67%)和氯化物类(53.33%)为主;土壤质地对土壤盐分的影响最显著,其次为土壤全碳含量和含水量;气候干旱、降水稀少、黄河引流灌溉与地下水位抬升是乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段土壤盐碱化的主要原因。

Selective flocculation-flotation of ultrafine hematite from clay minerals under asynchronous flocculation regulation

The clay mineral flocculation encapsulation poses a major technical challenge in the field of fine mineral separation.Enhancing the ability to separate clay minerals from target mineral surfaces is key to addressing this issue.In the flotation process of ultrafine hematite,sodium polyacrylate(PAAS)was used as a selective flocculant for hematite,polyaluminum chloride(PAC)as a flocculant for kaolinite and chlorite,and sodium oleate(NaOL)as the collector to achieve asynchronous flocculation flotation.This study examines the flotation separation performance and validates it through experiments on actual mineral samples.The results indicate that with PAAS and PAC dosages of 1.25 and 50 mg·L^(-1),respectively,the iron grade and recovery of the actual mineral samples increased by 9.39%and 7.97%.Through Zeta potential,XPS analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and total organic carbon(TOC)testing,the study reveals the microscopic interaction mechanisms of different flocculants with minerals,providing insights for the clean and efficient utilization of ultrafine mineral resources.

智能技术支持的增值评价模式及典型实践

增值评价是一种新的评价方式,利用智能技术解决增值评价中的难题、推进其落地和推广应用具有重要的现实意义。本研究首先通过增值评价的提出与发展现状分析,阐述了增值评价的基本内涵和特征;其次,探讨了增值评价面临的现实问题与挑战,在此基础上提出了智能技术赋能增值评价的基本策略;再次,围绕追踪数据库的建立与维护、增值评价模型的选择与应用、发展水平可视化呈现与交互三个核心场景,从目的与作用、相关技术与应用分析等视角,详细探讨了智能技术支持下增值评价的实现方式;最后,以美国田纳西州增值评价系统和苏州教育质量监测为例,介绍了智能技术支持下的增值评价典型应用实践案例。希望本研究能够为智能时代加快探索增值评价、促进教育评价改革创新提供借鉴。

Inter-hour direct normal irradiance forecast with multiple data types and time-series

Boosted by a strong solar power market,the electricity grid is exposed to risk under an increasing share of fluctuant solar power.To increase the stability of the electricity grid,an accurate solar power forecast is needed to evaluate such fluctuations.In terms of forecast,solar irradiance is the key factor of solar power generation,which is affected by atmospheric conditions,including surface meteorological variables and column integrated variables.These variables involve multiple numerical timeseries and images.However,few studies have focused on the processing method of multiple data types in an interhour direct normal irradiance(DNI)forecast.In this study,a framework for predicting the DNI for a 10-min time horizon was developed,which included the nondimensionalization of multiple data types and time-series,development of a forecast model,and transformation of the outputs.Several atmospheric variables were considered in the forecast framework,including the historical DNI,wind speed and direction,relative humidity time-series,and ground-based cloud images.Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the forecast framework.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well with a normalized mean bias error of 0.41%and a normalized root mean square error(n RMSE)of20.53%,and outperforms the persistent model with an improvement of 34%in the nRMSE.

Effect of Cynodon dactylon community on the conservation and reinforcement of riparian shallow soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

Introduction:Riparian vegetation plays a crucial role in soil conservation and riverbank reinforcement.The Three Gorges hydrologic project has significantly changed the pattern of water-level fluctuation and riparian environment,which significantly influenced plant community development and its effect on soil conservation and riverbank protection.Cynodon dactylon,a perennial grass with developed root system and creeping stems,has become a dominant riparian species in the Three Gorges area after the completion of the dam.We aimed to characterize how the soil-root system under the C.dactylon community responded to environmental changes and effects of the soil-root system on shallow soil conservation and riverbank reinforcement through field investigation and laboratory test.Methods:We conducted a field survey and experimental research.Quadrates of a natural C.dactylon community were set up on a riverbank along an altitude gradient.Plants were sampled randomly for the measurements of spatial structure and tensile strength of roots.Soil erosion resistance,soil scour resistance,and shear strength of sampled soil-root systems and control soil were tested in the laboratory.Results:Roots of the C.dactylon community significantly increased soil erosion resistance,soil scour resistance,and shear strength,enhancing the stability of shallow soil and riverbank.Due to water-level fluctuation,C.dactylon at lower altitudes was subjected to less time exposed to air.As a result,the soil-root systems at lower altitudes were characterized by reduced biomass with reduced capacity for soil reinforcement as measured through erosion resistance,soil scour resistance,and shear strength.The correlation analysis indicated that root biomass had a significant positive linear correlation with the enhancement of erosion resistance and scour resistance,and shear strength,respectively.Conclusions:Roots of the C.dactylon community effectively enhanced the stability of riparian shallow soil and riverbank.The fluctuation in water level caused the difference of root growth as the exposed time of plants decreases with the decrease of altitude.The difference of root structure resulted in the variation of the soil-root system in soil conservation and reinforcement.

Ultrasound-induced biophysical effects in controlled drug delivery

Ultrasound is widely used in biomedical engineering and has applications in conventional diagnosis and drug delivery.Recent advances in ultrasound-induced drug delivery have been summarized previously in several reviews that have primarily focused on the fabrication of drug delivery carriers.This review discusses the mechanisms underlying ultrasound-induced drug delivery and factors affecting delivery efficiency,including the characteristics of drug delivery carriers and ultrasound parameters.Firstly,biophysical effects induced by ultrasound,namely thermal effects,cavitation effects,and acoustic radiation forces,are illustrated.Secondly,the use of these biophysical effects to enhance drug delivery by affecting drug carriers and corresponding tissues is clarified in detail.Thirdly,recent advances in ultrasound-triggered drug delivery are detailed.Safety issues and optimization strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects are summarized.Finally,current progress and future directions are discussed.

乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段植物群落特征及空间分异

乌兰布和沙漠是黄河流域风沙最活跃的区域。本文以乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段植物为研究对象,分析了植物群落特征的空间差异性及地上和地下植物含水率和生物量的分异规律。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠沿黄河段典型植物物种组成单一,植物多样性低,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高为0.80。靠近黄河沿岸草本植物更具优势,平均植物含水率最高(最大值为80.6%);靠近沙漠腹地,灌木植物更具优势,灌木含水率高于黄河沿岸处。从黄河沿岸至沙漠腹地,草本生物量逐渐减少,但地上部分含水率增大。造成植物特征空间分异的关键影响因子是土壤含水量和含盐量,较高的土壤含水量对植物生长有促进作用,高盐分土壤环境对草本植物生长有抑制作用,对灌木植物影响较小。

Expression status of GATA3 and mismatch repair proteins in upper tract urothelial carcinoma

GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency contribute to the development of urothelial carcinoma. However, the combined expression of GATA3 and microsatellite instability (MSI) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and its prognostic value have not been investigated. Here, we immunohistochemically stained GATA3 and MMR proteins in 108 UTUC samples. GATA3 was positive in 74 cases, and its expression was significantly lower than in adjacent benign urothelium (P<0.001). Loss of GATA3 expression was statistically associated with adverse clinicopathologic parameters, such as advanced stage, lymphovascular invasion, neural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and extensive necrosis. Cancer-specific survival (CSS, P=0.028) and disease-free survival (DFS, P=0.024) were significantly shorter in patients with GATA3 negative tumors than in patients with GATA3 positive tumors. The absence of MMR proteins was observed in 8.3% of the cases, and focal staining was identified in 13.0%. When using “lax criteria” which resulted in counting cases as negative where MMR staining was in fact focally positive (<5%), we found that GATA3 was inversely associated with MSI (P=0.005). Moreover, GATA3−/microsatellite stability (MS) tumors were correlated with advanced pT stage (P<0.001) and poor outcome (P=0.019 for CSS, P=0.016 for DFS) compared with GATA3+/MSI ones. The GATA3−/MSI cases had unfavorable clinical outcomes compared with GATA3+/MSI cases (P=0.008 for CSS, P=0.023 for DFS). This finding raises a question as to whether GATA3 interacts with MSI through the TGF-β signaling pathway and regulates UTUC progression.

Fullerene modification of WO_(3) electron transport layer toward high-efficiency MA-free perovskite solar cells with eliminated light-soaking effect

In perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the light-soaking effect,which means device performance changes obviously under continuous light illumination,is potentially harmful to loaded devices as well as accurately assessing their efficiency.Herein,chemically stable tungsten trioxide(WO3)with high electron mobility is used as electron transport material in methylamine(MA)-free PSCs.However,the light-soaking effect is observed apparently in our devices.A fullerene derivative,C60 pyrrolidine Tris-acid(CPTA),is introduced to modify the interface between WO3 and perovskite(PVK)layers,which can bond with WO3 and PVK simultaneously,leading to the passivation of the defect and the suppression of trap-assisted nonradiative recombination.What is more,the introduction of CPTA can enhance the built-in electric field between WO3 and PVK layers,thereby facilitating the electron extraction and inhibiting the carrier accumulation at the interface.Consequently,the lightsoaking effect of WO3-based PSCs has been eliminated,and the power conversion efficiency has been boosted from 17.4%for control device to 20.5%for WO3/CPTA-based PSC with enhanced stability.This study gives guidance for the design of interfacial molecules to eliminate the light-soaking effect.

Targeted drug delivery strategies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic autoimmune disease named rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is characterized mainly by synovitis,which has high morbidity,disability and mortality rates.In addition,the aetiology and pathogenesis of RA have not been fully determined.RA is usually accompanied by persistent arthritic pain,swelling,stiffness,and functional disorders;in severe cases,it may result in cardiovascular,pulmonary,psychological and skeletal diseases(Scott et al.,2010).