Virtual reality for preoperative patient education: Impact on satisfaction, usability, and burnout from the perspective of new nurses

BACKGROUND Traditional paper-based preoperative patient education is a struggle for new nurses and requires extensive training.In this situation,virtual reality technology can help the new nurses.Despite its potential benefits,there are studies on patient satisfaction but there is limited information on the usability of virtual reality(VR)technology for new nurses in giving preoperative education to patients.AIM To investigate the impact on satisfaction,usability,and burnout of a system using VR technology in preoperative patient education.METHODS The study involved 20 nurses from the plastic surgery ward and 80 patients admitted between April and May 2019.Each nurse taught four patients:Two using traditional verbal education and two using virtual reality.The System Usability Scale,After-Scenario Questionnaire,and Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)were employed to evaluate the impact of these education methods.RESULTS The VR education groups showed a statistically higher satisfaction than the traditional verbal education groups.Among the three subscales of the MBI,emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment improved statistically significantly.VR was also better in terms of usability.CONCLUSION This study suggests VR enhances usability and reduces burnout in nurses,but further research is needed to assess its impact on depersonalization and objective measures like stress and heart rate.

Non-surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers on the dorsum of the foot with polydeoxyribonucleotide injection:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers are caused by a variety of factors,including peripheral neuropathy,peripheral arterial disease,impaired wound healing mechanisms,and repetitive trauma.Patients with diabetic foot ulcer on the dorsum of the foot are often treated surgically.However,the right non-surgical therapy must be chosen if surgical choices are contraindicated or if the patient prefers conservative treatment over surgery.CASE SUMMARY The purpose of this case report is to highlight the efficacy of polydeoxyribonucleotide(PDRN)injection as a non-surgical treatment option for diabetic foot ulcers on the dorsum of the foot,particularly in patients who choose against surgical intervention.This case report presents two cases of diabetic foot ulcers located on the dorsum of the foot that were successfully treated with PDRN injection as a non-surgical intervention.CONCLUSION If the patient declines surgery for diabetic ulcers with Wagner grade II or below,PDRN injection can be effective if necrotic tissue is removed and the wound bed kept clean.

Methane Emission from Rice Fields:Necessity for Molecular Approach for Mitigation

Anthropogenic methane emissions are a leading cause of the increase in global averagetemperatures,often referred to as global warming.Flooded soils play a significant role in methaneproduction,where the anaerobic conditions promote the production of methane by methanogenicmicroorganisms.Rice fields contribute a considerable portion of agricultural methane emissions,as riceplants provide both factors that enhance and limit methane production.Rice plants harbor both methaneproducingand methane-oxidizing microorganisms.Exudates from rice roots provide source for methaneproduction,while oxygen delivered from the root aerenchyma enhances methane oxidation.Studies haveshown that the diversity of these microorganisms depends on rice cultivars with some genes characterizedas harboring specific groups of microorganisms related to methane emissions.However,there is still aneed for research to determine the balance between methane production and oxidation,as rice plantspossess the ability to regulate net methane production.Various agronomical practices,such as fertilizerand water management,have been employed to mitigate methane emissions.Nevertheless,studiescorrelating agronomic and chemical management of methane with productivity are limited.Moreover,evidences for breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties are scattered largely due to the absence ofcoordinated breeding programs.Research has indicated that phenotypic characteristics,such as rootbiomass,shoot architecture,and aerenchyma,are highly correlated with methane emissions.This reviewdiscusses available studies that involve the correlation between plant characteristics and methaneemissions.It emphasizes the necessity and importance of breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties inaddition to existing agronomic,biological,and chemical practices.The review also delves into the idealphenotypic and physiological characteristics of low-methane-emitting rice and potential breeding techniques,drawing from studies conducted with diverse varieties,mutants,and transgenic plants.

Regional Distribution of Perceived Temperatures Estimated by the Human Heat Budget Model (the Klima-Michel Model) in South Korea

The regional distribution of perceived temperatures （PT） for 28 major weather stations in South Korea during the past 22 years （1983-2004） was investigated by employing a human heat budget model, the Klima-Michel model. The frequencies of a cold stress and a heat load by each region were compared. The sensitivity of PT in terms of the input of synoptic meteorological variables were successfully tested. Seogwipo in Jeju Island appears to be the most comfortable city in Korea. Busan also shows a high frequency in the comfortable PT range. The frequency of the thermal comfort in Seoul is similar to that of Daejeon with a relatively low frequency. In this study, inland cities like Daegu and Daejeon had very hot thermal sensations. Low frequencies of hot thermal sensations appeared in coastal cities （e.g., Busan, Incheon, and Seogwipo）. Most of the 28 stations in Korea exhibited a comfort thermal sensation over 40% in its frequency, except for the mountainous regions. The frequency of a heat load is more frequent than that of a cold stress. There are no cities with very cold thermal sensations. In this study, we found the decreasing trend of mortality with an increasing PT. If the PT is over any critical temperature point, however, the mortality rate increases again. The mortality variation with the PT of a station seems to be associated with the latitudinal location of the station, implying that it results from a regional acclimation effect of inhabitants.

孔有效利用的活性炭基非对称电极膜/电容脱盐系统(英文)

采用活性炭纤维为原料制备出膜/电容脱盐系统,提纯含氯化钠的水。OG系列活性炭纤维作为电极的活性材料,其比表面积和孔分布不同而呈现不同的活化程度。将这些材料用于膜/电容脱盐系统,评价了他们对钠离子或氯离子的脱盐性能。膜/电容实验在不同操作电位窗口、含盐溶液的进料速率和浓度下进行。OG系列活性炭纤维对每种离子的脱盐效率和电吸附量来评价膜/电容性能。结果表明,BET比表面积是确保高性能的必要因素。另外,炭材料最上端的浅孔有助于活性炭纤维比表面积的充分利用。OG7A样品的孔结构适合于钠离子吸附,OG10A和OG15A适于大量孔吸附氯离子。因此,非对称电极排列施加于吸附离子的尺寸,应考虑炭材料比表面积和孔面积的有效利用,以得到高性能的膜/电容脱盐系统。

Exports to China and Local Employment in South Korea

We estimate the effect of exports to China on local employment in South Korea,exploiting variations in trade and employment across 220 South Korean municipalities between 2007 and 2017.To identify the effect of exports on employment,we use a novel instrument:China's exports to the US.This isolates the demand-side factors for South Korean exports to China from the supply-side factors that lead to biased estimations using ordinary least squares regressions.The results of a two-stage least squares estimation using municipality-level data confirm that increased exports to China contribute to a rise in employment in South Korean local labor markets.This effect occurs mostly in the service and construction industries rather than in the manufacturing sector.

TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS DETECTION IN NWP AT KMA

In this study,a tropical cyclogenesis detection system,Tropical Cyclone Analysis&Forecast(TCAF),was evaluated with an operational numerical model of the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA).The tracking performance was compared with the result with the ECMWF model input field(TCAF-ECMWF).In order to improve the performance,different tracking time at an interval of 6 hours were investigated.The lowest false alarm rate and the highest hit rate(correct detection)were achieved at 06 hour after the initial tracking time.The tracking performance was also tested on two typhoons in 2013,LEEPI(1304)and DANAS(1324).The results showed that the TCAF-ECMWF detected tropical depressions 72 hours before the formation of the typhoon DANAS,which is a 12-hour earlier detection compared with the current performance with the use of KMA’s numerical weather prediction(NWP)model data.So,it is expected that TC genesis detection could be improved by determining an optimal tracking time and by using more accurate NWP model data.