The inspection of the liver is a valuable part of the upper endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) studies,regardless of the primary indication for the examination.The detailed images of the liver segments provided by EUS al...The inspection of the liver is a valuable part of the upper endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) studies,regardless of the primary indication for the examination.The detailed images of the liver segments provided by EUS allows the use of this technique in the study of parenchymal liver disease and even in the diagnosis and classification of focal liver lesions.EUS has also emerged as an important tool in understanding the complex collateral circulation in patients with portal hypertension and their clinical and prognostic value.Recently,EUS-guided portal vein catheterization has been performed for direct portal pressure measurement as an alternative method to evaluate portal hemodynamics.In this review,the authors summarize the available evidence regarding the application of EUS to patients with liver diseases and how we can apply it in our current clinical practice.展开更多
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid （RGD） dendrimer-based nanopatterns on poly（L- lactic acid） were used as bioactive substrates to evaluate the impact of the RGD local surface density on the chondrogenic induction of ...Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid （RGD） dendrimer-based nanopatterns on poly（L- lactic acid） were used as bioactive substrates to evaluate the impact of the RGD local surface density on the chondrogenic induction of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. During chondrogenic commitment, active extracellular matrix （ECM） remodeling takes place, playing an instructive role in the differentiation process. Although three-dimensional environments such as pellet or micromass cultures are commonly used for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, these cultures are rather limited with respect to their ability to interrogate cells in celI-ECM interactions. In the present study, the nanopatterns of the tunable RGD surface density were obtained as a function of the initial dendrimer concentration. The local RGD surface density was quantified through probability contour plots for the minimum interparticle distance, constructed from the corresponding atomic force microscopy images, and correlated with the cell adhesion and differentiation response. The results revealed that the local RGD surface density at the nanoscale acts as a regulator of chondrogenic commitment, and that intermediate adhesiveness of cells to the substrates favors mesenchymal cell condensation and early chondrogenic differentiation.展开更多
文摘The inspection of the liver is a valuable part of the upper endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) studies,regardless of the primary indication for the examination.The detailed images of the liver segments provided by EUS allows the use of this technique in the study of parenchymal liver disease and even in the diagnosis and classification of focal liver lesions.EUS has also emerged as an important tool in understanding the complex collateral circulation in patients with portal hypertension and their clinical and prognostic value.Recently,EUS-guided portal vein catheterization has been performed for direct portal pressure measurement as an alternative method to evaluate portal hemodynamics.In this review,the authors summarize the available evidence regarding the application of EUS to patients with liver diseases and how we can apply it in our current clinical practice.
文摘Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid （RGD） dendrimer-based nanopatterns on poly（L- lactic acid） were used as bioactive substrates to evaluate the impact of the RGD local surface density on the chondrogenic induction of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. During chondrogenic commitment, active extracellular matrix （ECM） remodeling takes place, playing an instructive role in the differentiation process. Although three-dimensional environments such as pellet or micromass cultures are commonly used for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, these cultures are rather limited with respect to their ability to interrogate cells in celI-ECM interactions. In the present study, the nanopatterns of the tunable RGD surface density were obtained as a function of the initial dendrimer concentration. The local RGD surface density was quantified through probability contour plots for the minimum interparticle distance, constructed from the corresponding atomic force microscopy images, and correlated with the cell adhesion and differentiation response. The results revealed that the local RGD surface density at the nanoscale acts as a regulator of chondrogenic commitment, and that intermediate adhesiveness of cells to the substrates favors mesenchymal cell condensation and early chondrogenic differentiation.
