气溶胶喷印在精细电子印刷中的应用

三维模塑互连器件（3D—MID）技术是指在注塑成型的塑料壳体的表面上，制作具有电气功能的三维立体电路及互联器件的技术。激光直接成型（LDS）技术是制造3D—MID的一种新型、经济的工艺技术。采用LDS技术制造3D—MID的工艺流程主要分为三步：①注塑成型，采用可激光活化的改性塑料为原料，用普通的注塑成型技术注射出塑料本体；②激光活化，采用聚焦激光束照射到塑料表面需要制作导电图形的部位，活化、粗糙图形部位的表面；③金属镀覆，用化学方法将导电金属沉积到被激光活化的图形表面，从而实现在三维塑料上制造导电图形，形成互连器件。

Influences on Generation of White Etching Crack Networks in Rolling Bearings

In rare cases rolling bearings fail by WEC （white etching crack） damage before reaching their calculated rating life, if so called additional loads are applied on the bearing in addition to the normal Hertzian stress （PHz）. A number of additional loads have been identified by means of tests with rolling bearings. These can be small direct currents as a result of electrostatic charge or large alternating currents from inverter-fed drives that unintentionally flow through the bearing. WEC damages can also be initiated by a pure mechanical additional load which is dependent on factors including the bearing kinematics but also on the dynamics of the drive train. The current state of knowledge on this subject is presented and taken as the basis for developing a hypothesis on the WEC damage mechanism. If load situations critical for WEC cannot be avoided, the risk of WEC can be considerably reduced by the selection of suitable materials and coatings as well as, in some cases, of suitable lubricants.