Background:With the decline of birth population and the development of medical technology in China,studies assessing how these changes have affected the adoption of congenital heart disease surgery at the national or ...Background:With the decline of birth population and the development of medical technology in China,studies assessing how these changes have affected the adoption of congenital heart disease surgery at the national or regional scale are lacking.Methods:We investigated the status of congenital heart surgery in China in the period from 2017-2022,through investigation of the total rates of cardiac surgeries,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),adult congenital heart surgeries(CHS),and pediatric CHS(<18 years old),as recorded by the Extracorporeal Cir-culation Branch of the Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering.Subsequently,we evaluated correlations between these factors with economic,demographic,and other factors.Results:From 2017 to 2022,the total num-ber of cardiac operations increased from 230,772 to 263,292,representing an increase of 14.09%over 6 years;the CHS dropped from 76,365 to 68,940(10.19%decrease),and the proportion of CHS in the total cardiac surgeries dropped from 33.26%to 26.18%(7.08%decrease).Finally,cases of pediatric CHS decreased from 61,825 to 38,174(38.25%decrease).The annual percentage change(APC)of the total amount of pediatric CHS cases was-10.03(-15.95 to-3.69,p=0.013).Adult CHS increased from 14,940 to 30,766(105.93%increase).The proportion of adult CHS cases of the total number of cardiac surgeries increased from 6.47%to 11.68%(5.21%increase).From a regional perspective,the APC for the proportion of pediatric CHS in the local population was generally lower in western China.The proportion of CHS in the local population generally decreases from the north to the south,although the lowest incidence is found in the northeast region.Conclusions:Due to demographic changes,med-ical technology and economic factors,the number of surgical operations for congenital heart disease(CHD)in children decreased significantly from 2017 to 2022,and may decline further in the future.Nevertheless,in the same period,a significant increase in the number of operations for CHD in adults was observed,which brings new opportunities and challenges to the development of congenital cardiac surgery and cardiac critical care.展开更多
Exploring the indica-japonica differentiation in parents of hybridization can provide theoretical bases for utilizing inter-subspecific heterosis. In this study, 5 sterile lines and 18 self-bred restorer lines were us...Exploring the indica-japonica differentiation in parents of hybridization can provide theoretical bases for utilizing inter-subspecific heterosis. In this study, 5 sterile lines and 18 self-bred restorer lines were used as female parents and male parents respectively. Then 90 combinations were constructed by incomplete diallel cross followed by relationship analysis between parental Cheng’s index difference value and Euclidean distance and heterosis. The results showed a significant correlation between several phenotype values, super male parent heterosis and control heterosis and Euclidean distance or Cheng’s index difference value. However, it was no significant correlation for yield. Further analysis found a common interval, 3.41 - 3.46 for Euclidean distance and 3 - 4 for cheng’s index difference value of parents, which was significant or high significant positive correlated with phenotype value, super male parent and control heterosis of main yield traits. This illustrates that the larger the genetic difference of parents was, the stronger the heterosis combinations were, when the genetic differences of parents were in an appropriate range.展开更多
Background:Never had literatures characterized the relationship between the property of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries(MAPCAs)and outcomes of selective unifocalization of pulmonary atresia with ventricular s...Background:Never had literatures characterized the relationship between the property of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries(MAPCAs)and outcomes of selective unifocalization of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects and MAPCAs.Methods:This is a case-series study.Thirteen patients were included.Angiographybased assessment was conducted to determine whether collateral arteries should be unifocalized or treated with intraoperative ligature.Specimens were collected and stained by HE and ET+VG.Results:Twelve patients underwent one-stage unifocalization at a median age of 37 months(range:6–228 months)and a median weight of 14.0 kg(range:5.0–49.0 kg),which produced a favorable right ventricle to aortic systolic pressure ratio of no more than 0.5 except in one patient who died.Patients were divided into three groups:Group 1(n=6),had no native pulmonary arteries,and collateral arteries supplied all pulmonary blood;Group 2(n=6)presented dysplastic native pulmonary arteries on one or both sides,and in some lung lobes or segments,blood was supplied only by collateral arteries;Group 3(n=1)had well-developed left and right pulmonary arteries,and collateral arteries,and pulmonary arteries provided blood flow to the same segments.Pathological reports demonstrated two types of collateral arteries:Elastic arteries presented an arborization distribution similar to native pulmonary artery walls,while muscular arteries showed high resistance and distortion.We selectively unifocalized single-supply collateral arteries with morphologic features based on the arborization distribution.Conclusions:We found that there were two kinds of MAPCAs with different histology,and we performed selective UF for MAPCAs that might belong to the elastic artery.Selective unifocalization achieved a low right ventricle to aortic systolic pressure ratio and favorable surgical effects.展开更多
Objective: To observe the state of breast development of the healthy females of the right age in different regions. Methods: We randomly chose 1540 of 18 - 25 years old unmarried or married healthy females of the righ...Objective: To observe the state of breast development of the healthy females of the right age in different regions. Methods: We randomly chose 1540 of 18 - 25 years old unmarried or married healthy females of the right age from both Guangxi and Yunnan provinces separately for regular checkups. Also we took notes on these females’ height and chest circumference and other indexes. According to the perfect chest circumference of Chinese females in relation to height, namely this relational expression—Standard Circumference = Height × 0.53, we evaluated the basic state of breast development of females from the two areas and then presented related research conclusions. Results: After the statistical analyses on every index of 1540 cases of healthy females of the right age from the two areas each, we found that the breast development of healthy women of the right age in Yunnan is more perfect than that of Guangxi, and in comparison to every index, there is a remarkable difference, and that is, P females of the right age is different in different areas. Some breasts are especially big;some are a little bit smaller;some are proper and some are relatively flat;also some breasts are strong while some are pendulous. In a word, there are some differences. These differences exist not only inChinabut also in every part of the world. The female whose chest circumference tends to be more close to the perfect is more likely to be more confident and more active, and also her life is full of sensibility and charm.展开更多
Background:Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)is a solution commonly used for organ transplantation.However,there is no certified fixed regimen for on-pump heart surgery in neonates.We aimed to retrospectively eva...Background:Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)is a solution commonly used for organ transplantation.However,there is no certified fixed regimen for on-pump heart surgery in neonates.We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes related to different HTK dosages and to analyze the safety of high-dosage perfusion.Methods:A total of 146 neonates who underwent on-pump heart surgery with single-shot HTK perfusion were divided into two groups according to HTK dosages:a standard-dose(SD)group(n=63,40 mL/kg<HTK≤60 mL/kg)and a high-dose(HD)group(n=83,HTK>60 mL/kg).Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to control confounding bias.Results:The SD group had a higher weight(3.7±0.4 vs.3.4±0.4 kg,P<0.0001),a lower proportion of complete transposition of the great artery(69.8%vs.85.5%,P=0.022),a lower cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)time(123.5[108.0,136.0]vs.132.5[114.8,152.5]min,P=0.034),and a lower aortic x-clamp time(82.9±27.1 vs.95.5±26.0 min,P=0.005).After PSM,44 patients were assigned to each group;baseline characteristics and CPB parameters between the two groups were comparable.There were no significant differences in peri-CPB blood product consumption after PSM(P>0.05).The incidences of post-operative complications were not significantly different between the two groups.There were no significant differences in ventilation time,intensive care unit stay,and post-operative hospital stay(P>0.05).Follow-up echocardiography outcomes at 1 month,3 to 6 months,and 1 year showed that left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic dimension were comparable between the two groups.Conclusions:In neonatal on-pump cardiac surgery patients,single-shot HD(>60 mL/kg)HTK perfusion had a comparable heart protection effect and short-term post-operative prognosis as standard dosage perfusion of 40 to 60 mL/kg.Thus,this study provides supporting evidence of the safety of HD HTK perfusion.展开更多
While coupons that can be redeemed only in online channels have been issued by e-commerce platforms for decades, a new type of platform’s coupons, i.e., omnichannel coupons, which can be redeemed in both online and s...While coupons that can be redeemed only in online channels have been issued by e-commerce platforms for decades, a new type of platform’s coupons, i.e., omnichannel coupons, which can be redeemed in both online and store channels, is gaining popularity with the rise of the omnichannel retail mode. It is interesting to explore the conditions under which omnichannel coupons are more advantageous to platforms and multichannel suppliers that sell products through platforms and physical stores. Two game models are developed in two cases where an e-commerce platform offers single channel coupons or omnichannel coupons for a multichannel supplier. Two scenarios are considered: one in which a consumer’s valuation of a product that fits his or her need is homogeneous and another in which the valuation is heterogeneous. Equilibrium outcomes show that under the homogeneous scenario, the product price and coupon face value in both coupon modes increase with the product’s fit probability when the cross-selling revenue is high, while decrease with the product’s fit probability when the cross-selling revenue is low. However, under the heterogeneous scenario, the price in both modes increases with the product’s fit probability only when the supplier’s loss from returns is low and the cross-selling revenue is high, and the coupon face value always decreases with the product’s fit probability. Compared with single channel coupons, omnichannel coupons may lead to a higher product price under certain conditions. Furthermore, omnichannel coupons can lead to higher total demand and benefit both the platform and the supplier if and only if the product’s fit probability is low and the supplier’s loss from returns is high. An extension shows that the platform’s preference for omnichannel coupons is weakened when the supplier offers a partial refund policy.展开更多
文摘Background:With the decline of birth population and the development of medical technology in China,studies assessing how these changes have affected the adoption of congenital heart disease surgery at the national or regional scale are lacking.Methods:We investigated the status of congenital heart surgery in China in the period from 2017-2022,through investigation of the total rates of cardiac surgeries,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),adult congenital heart surgeries(CHS),and pediatric CHS(<18 years old),as recorded by the Extracorporeal Cir-culation Branch of the Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering.Subsequently,we evaluated correlations between these factors with economic,demographic,and other factors.Results:From 2017 to 2022,the total num-ber of cardiac operations increased from 230,772 to 263,292,representing an increase of 14.09%over 6 years;the CHS dropped from 76,365 to 68,940(10.19%decrease),and the proportion of CHS in the total cardiac surgeries dropped from 33.26%to 26.18%(7.08%decrease).Finally,cases of pediatric CHS decreased from 61,825 to 38,174(38.25%decrease).The annual percentage change(APC)of the total amount of pediatric CHS cases was-10.03(-15.95 to-3.69,p=0.013).Adult CHS increased from 14,940 to 30,766(105.93%increase).The proportion of adult CHS cases of the total number of cardiac surgeries increased from 6.47%to 11.68%(5.21%increase).From a regional perspective,the APC for the proportion of pediatric CHS in the local population was generally lower in western China.The proportion of CHS in the local population generally decreases from the north to the south,although the lowest incidence is found in the northeast region.Conclusions:Due to demographic changes,med-ical technology and economic factors,the number of surgical operations for congenital heart disease(CHD)in children decreased significantly from 2017 to 2022,and may decline further in the future.Nevertheless,in the same period,a significant increase in the number of operations for CHD in adults was observed,which brings new opportunities and challenges to the development of congenital cardiac surgery and cardiac critical care.
文摘Exploring the indica-japonica differentiation in parents of hybridization can provide theoretical bases for utilizing inter-subspecific heterosis. In this study, 5 sterile lines and 18 self-bred restorer lines were used as female parents and male parents respectively. Then 90 combinations were constructed by incomplete diallel cross followed by relationship analysis between parental Cheng’s index difference value and Euclidean distance and heterosis. The results showed a significant correlation between several phenotype values, super male parent heterosis and control heterosis and Euclidean distance or Cheng’s index difference value. However, it was no significant correlation for yield. Further analysis found a common interval, 3.41 - 3.46 for Euclidean distance and 3 - 4 for cheng’s index difference value of parents, which was significant or high significant positive correlated with phenotype value, super male parent and control heterosis of main yield traits. This illustrates that the larger the genetic difference of parents was, the stronger the heterosis combinations were, when the genetic differences of parents were in an appropriate range.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(2019XK320050)Central University Basic Research Fund(APL20100410010302004).
文摘Background:Never had literatures characterized the relationship between the property of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries(MAPCAs)and outcomes of selective unifocalization of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects and MAPCAs.Methods:This is a case-series study.Thirteen patients were included.Angiographybased assessment was conducted to determine whether collateral arteries should be unifocalized or treated with intraoperative ligature.Specimens were collected and stained by HE and ET+VG.Results:Twelve patients underwent one-stage unifocalization at a median age of 37 months(range:6–228 months)and a median weight of 14.0 kg(range:5.0–49.0 kg),which produced a favorable right ventricle to aortic systolic pressure ratio of no more than 0.5 except in one patient who died.Patients were divided into three groups:Group 1(n=6),had no native pulmonary arteries,and collateral arteries supplied all pulmonary blood;Group 2(n=6)presented dysplastic native pulmonary arteries on one or both sides,and in some lung lobes or segments,blood was supplied only by collateral arteries;Group 3(n=1)had well-developed left and right pulmonary arteries,and collateral arteries,and pulmonary arteries provided blood flow to the same segments.Pathological reports demonstrated two types of collateral arteries:Elastic arteries presented an arborization distribution similar to native pulmonary artery walls,while muscular arteries showed high resistance and distortion.We selectively unifocalized single-supply collateral arteries with morphologic features based on the arborization distribution.Conclusions:We found that there were two kinds of MAPCAs with different histology,and we performed selective UF for MAPCAs that might belong to the elastic artery.Selective unifocalization achieved a low right ventricle to aortic systolic pressure ratio and favorable surgical effects.
文摘Objective: To observe the state of breast development of the healthy females of the right age in different regions. Methods: We randomly chose 1540 of 18 - 25 years old unmarried or married healthy females of the right age from both Guangxi and Yunnan provinces separately for regular checkups. Also we took notes on these females’ height and chest circumference and other indexes. According to the perfect chest circumference of Chinese females in relation to height, namely this relational expression—Standard Circumference = Height × 0.53, we evaluated the basic state of breast development of females from the two areas and then presented related research conclusions. Results: After the statistical analyses on every index of 1540 cases of healthy females of the right age from the two areas each, we found that the breast development of healthy women of the right age in Yunnan is more perfect than that of Guangxi, and in comparison to every index, there is a remarkable difference, and that is, P females of the right age is different in different areas. Some breasts are especially big;some are a little bit smaller;some are proper and some are relatively flat;also some breasts are strong while some are pendulous. In a word, there are some differences. These differences exist not only inChinabut also in every part of the world. The female whose chest circumference tends to be more close to the perfect is more likely to be more confident and more active, and also her life is full of sensibility and charm.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670375)。
文摘Background:Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)is a solution commonly used for organ transplantation.However,there is no certified fixed regimen for on-pump heart surgery in neonates.We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes related to different HTK dosages and to analyze the safety of high-dosage perfusion.Methods:A total of 146 neonates who underwent on-pump heart surgery with single-shot HTK perfusion were divided into two groups according to HTK dosages:a standard-dose(SD)group(n=63,40 mL/kg<HTK≤60 mL/kg)and a high-dose(HD)group(n=83,HTK>60 mL/kg).Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to control confounding bias.Results:The SD group had a higher weight(3.7±0.4 vs.3.4±0.4 kg,P<0.0001),a lower proportion of complete transposition of the great artery(69.8%vs.85.5%,P=0.022),a lower cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)time(123.5[108.0,136.0]vs.132.5[114.8,152.5]min,P=0.034),and a lower aortic x-clamp time(82.9±27.1 vs.95.5±26.0 min,P=0.005).After PSM,44 patients were assigned to each group;baseline characteristics and CPB parameters between the two groups were comparable.There were no significant differences in peri-CPB blood product consumption after PSM(P>0.05).The incidences of post-operative complications were not significantly different between the two groups.There were no significant differences in ventilation time,intensive care unit stay,and post-operative hospital stay(P>0.05).Follow-up echocardiography outcomes at 1 month,3 to 6 months,and 1 year showed that left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic dimension were comparable between the two groups.Conclusions:In neonatal on-pump cardiac surgery patients,single-shot HD(>60 mL/kg)HTK perfusion had a comparable heart protection effect and short-term post-operative prognosis as standard dosage perfusion of 40 to 60 mL/kg.Thus,this study provides supporting evidence of the safety of HD HTK perfusion.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(NSSFC),under Grant No.18BGL265.
文摘While coupons that can be redeemed only in online channels have been issued by e-commerce platforms for decades, a new type of platform’s coupons, i.e., omnichannel coupons, which can be redeemed in both online and store channels, is gaining popularity with the rise of the omnichannel retail mode. It is interesting to explore the conditions under which omnichannel coupons are more advantageous to platforms and multichannel suppliers that sell products through platforms and physical stores. Two game models are developed in two cases where an e-commerce platform offers single channel coupons or omnichannel coupons for a multichannel supplier. Two scenarios are considered: one in which a consumer’s valuation of a product that fits his or her need is homogeneous and another in which the valuation is heterogeneous. Equilibrium outcomes show that under the homogeneous scenario, the product price and coupon face value in both coupon modes increase with the product’s fit probability when the cross-selling revenue is high, while decrease with the product’s fit probability when the cross-selling revenue is low. However, under the heterogeneous scenario, the price in both modes increases with the product’s fit probability only when the supplier’s loss from returns is low and the cross-selling revenue is high, and the coupon face value always decreases with the product’s fit probability. Compared with single channel coupons, omnichannel coupons may lead to a higher product price under certain conditions. Furthermore, omnichannel coupons can lead to higher total demand and benefit both the platform and the supplier if and only if the product’s fit probability is low and the supplier’s loss from returns is high. An extension shows that the platform’s preference for omnichannel coupons is weakened when the supplier offers a partial refund policy.