构筑共轭聚合物基S型异质结分子内和界面电场以实现高效光催化制氢

能源短缺与环境问题已成为阻碍社会经济发展的重要因素,并对人类生活质量产生了深远影响,成为重大的全球性挑战.传统的一次能源,如煤、石油和天然气,正面临着日益严重的短缺问题,同时,水体污染日趋严重.因此,迫切需要寻找绿色、可持续的能源解决方案.其中,利用太阳能进行光解水制氢以及降解水中污染物,被视为一种极具潜力和前景的能源利用方式.然而,目前的光催化剂普遍面临光生载流子容易复合、迁移速率缓慢等问题,这些问题限制了光生电荷的寿命,往往只有几十皮秒,从而降低了其在氧化还原反应中的有效性和光催化效率.因此,开发高效、稳定的光催化剂成为了当前研究的热点和迫切需求.本文报道了一种新型光催化剂的合成与应用.首先,将1,6-二溴芘分子作为富电子供体(D)引入到氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))中,合成了以C‒N键连接的g-C_(3)N_(4)-1,6-二溴芘(CNPy)材料.随后,通过多种手段对样品进行了表征.X射线衍射图谱、傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振图谱证明了1,6-二溴芘分子的成功引入.氮气等温吸附脱附曲线结果表明,与纯g-C_(3)N_(4)相比,芘基的引入增加了g-C_(3)N_(4)的比表面积,暴露出更多的活性位点.X射线光电子能谱和表面电荷密度测试结果证实了CNPy分子内电场的成功构建.当以铂为助催化剂时,CNPy-0.2(包含200 mg CNPy)表现出较高的光催化产氢性能,产率达到6.1mmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1).在此基础上,为了进一步提升催化性能,将CNPy与具有宽光谱响应范围和匹配能带结构的CdSe纳米颗粒进行复合,构筑了具有双电场(分子内和界面电场)的CdSe/CNPy S型异质结光催化剂.X射线衍射图谱、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜测试结果证实了CdSe与1,6-二溴芘修饰的g-C_(3)N_(4)的成功复合,且CdSe纳米颗粒(200 nm左右)均匀地分布在CNPy上.此外,通过原位X射线光电子能谱、电子顺磁共振波谱和开尔文探针力显微镜等表征手段证实了S型异质结的形成以及CdSe与CNPy之间存在内建电场.光电化学表征进一步证实了CdSe/CNPy S型异质结具有高效的载流子分离效率.能带结构分析结果表明,该CdSe/CNPy S型异质结在光激发后保留了CNPy的较强氧化能力与CdSe的较强还原能力.在无Pt作助催化剂的情况下,测试了CdSe/CNPy S型异质结的析氢与降解性能.结果显示,优化后的复合材料100%CdSe/CNPy-0.2在光催化产H2反应中,产率高达1.16 mmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1),分别是纯CNPy-0.2,CdSe和100%CdSe/CN的58倍,2.2倍和2.32倍.此外,该S型异质结材料表现出较好的光催化降解四环素性能,在全光谱照射下,降解效率高达97%.多次循环数据显示,该S型异质结材料表现出良好的稳定性.综上所述,本研究通过分子结构设计,在共轭聚合物分子内引入内建电场,并结合异质结界面工程策略,构筑了具有双电场的S型异质结光催化材料.该材料表现出高效的光催化析氢和污染物降解性能,为提升共轭半导体基光催化材料的性能提供了新思路.

Effect of Jianpi Shengxue Tablet on Iron Metabolism and Nutritional Status in Patients with Renal Anemia:A Prospective,Randomized,Open,Parallel Controlled and Multicenter Clinical Study

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of the Jianpi Shengxue tablet for treating renal anemia.Methods A total of 200 patients with renal anemia from December 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups.Patients in the control group were treated with polysaccharide-iron complex,and those in the experimental group were administered Jianpi Shengxue tablet.After 8 weeks of continuous treatment,the therapeutic outcomes regarding anemia were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the red blood cell(RBC)count,hematocrit(HCT),reticulocyte percentage(RET),ferritin(SF),serum iron(SI),transferrin saturation(TSAT),and serum albumin(ALB)all increased(P<0.01),and the clinical symptom score and total iron binding capacity decreased(P<0.01)in the experimental group.Moreover,the improvements in RBC,HCT,RET,SF,SI,TAST,ALB,and clinical symptoms(fatigue,anorexia,dull skin complexion,numbness of hands and feet)in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate for treating renal anemia was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion The Jianpi Shengxue tablet demonstrates efficacy in treating renal anemia,leading to significant improvements in the laboratory examination results and clinical symptoms of patients with renal anemia.

Bat-derived oligopeptide LE6 inhibits the contact-kinin pathway and harbors anti-thromboinflammation and stroke potential

Thrombosis and inflammation are primary contributors to the onset and progression of ischemic stroke.The contact-kinin pathway,initiated by plasma kallikrein(PK)and activated factor XII(FXIIa),functions bidirectionally with the coagulation and inflammation cascades,providing a novel target for therapeutic drug development in ischemic stroke.In this study,we identified a bat-derived oligopeptide from Myotis myotis(Borkhausen,1797),designated LE6(Leu-Ser-Glu-Glu-Pro-Glu,702 Da),with considerable potential in stroke therapy due to its effects on the contact kinin pathway.Notably,LE6 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on PK and FXIIa,with inhibition constants of 43.97μmol/L and 6.37μmol/L,respectively.In vitro analyses revealed that LE6 prolonged plasma recalcification time and activated partial thromboplastin time.In murine models,LE6 effectively inhibited carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis,FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis,and photochemically induced intracerebral thrombosis.Furthermore,LE6 significantly decreased inflammation and stroke injury in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion models.Notably,the low toxicity,hemolytic activity,and bleeding risk of LE6,along with its synthetic simplicity,underscore its clinical applicability.In conclusion,as an inhibitor of FXIIa and PK,LE6 offers potential therapeutic benefits in stroke treatment by mitigating inflammation and preventing thrombus formation.

Effect of early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on function and quality of life in sepsis patients

BACKGROUND Sepsis,as a non-limiting host infection disease,can be accompanied by serious complications such as organ failure,which seriously threatens patient quality of life.AIM To investigate the effect of early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients evacuated from mechanical ventilation with sepsis.METHODS A total of 80 patients with sepsis who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=40)and the control group(n=40)according to the random number table method.The observation group was treated with early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation,and the control group was treated with a conventional treatment regimen.Cardiac function indexes(central venous pressure,cardiac troponin I,B-type brain natriuretic peptide),lung function indicators(diaphragmatic mobility,changes in central venous oxygen saturation,oxygenation index),and quality of life(Quality of Life Evaluation Scale)were compared between the two groups after treatment.RESULTS After treatment,the central venous pressure,diaphragm mobility,central venous oxygen saturation,oxygenation index,and Quality of Life Evaluation Scale scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The observation group was less than that of the control group for other parameters,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation can effectively enhance cardiac and pulmonary function and improve the quality of life in patients evacuated from mechanical ventilation with sepsis.

Efficacy comparison of multipoint and single point scanning panretinal laser photocoagulation in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment

BACKGROUND Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)poses a significant challenge in diabetes management due to its microvascular changes in the retina.Laser photocoagulation,a conventional therapy,aims to mitigate the risk of progressing to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of multi-spot vs single-spot scanning panretinal laser photocoagulation in NPDR patients.METHODS Forty-nine NPDR patients(86 eyes)treated between September 2020 and July 2022 were included.They were randomly allocated into single-spot(n=23,40 eyes)and multi-spot(n=26,46 eyes)groups.Treatment outcomes,including bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and mean threshold sensitivity,were assessed at predetermined intervals over 12 months.Adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS Energy levels did not significantly differ between groups(P>0.05),but the multi-spot group exhibited lower energy density(P<0.05).BCVA and CMT improvements were noted in the multi-spot group at one-month posttreatment(P<0.05).Adverse reaction incidence was similar between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION While energy intensity and safety were comparable between modalities,multi-spot scanning demonstrated lower energy density and showed superior short-term improvements in BCVA and CMT for NPDR patients,with reduced laser-induced damage.

Development and validation of biomarkers related to anoikis in liver cirrhosis based on bioinformatics analysis

BACKGROUND According to study,anoikis-related genes(ARGs)have been demonstrated to play a significant impact in cirrhosis,a major disease threatening human health worldwide.AIM To investigate the relationship between ARGs and cirrhosis development to provide insights into the clinical treatment of cirrhosis.METHODS RNA-sequencing data related to cirrhosis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between cirrhotic and normal tissues were intersected with ARGs to derive differentially expressed ARGs(DEARGs).The DEARGs were filtered using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,support vector machine recursive feature elimination,and random forest algorithms to identify biomarkers for cirrhosis.These biomarkers were used to create a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of cirrhosis.The proportions of diverse immune cell subsets in cirrhotic vs normal tissues were compared using the CIBERSORT computational method.In addition,the linkage between immune cells and biomarkers was assessed,and a regulatory network of mRNA,miRNA,and transcription factors was constructed relying on the biomarkers.RESULTS The comparison of cirrhotic and normal tissue samples led to the identification of 635 DEGs.Subsequent intersection of the DEGs with ARGs produced a set of 26 DEARGs.Subsequently,three DEARGs,namely,ACTG1,STAT1,and CCR7,were identified as biomarkers using three machine-learning algorithms.The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages,resting CD4 memory T cells,resting mast cells,and plasma cells significantly differed between cirrhotic and normal tissue samples.The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages,resting CD4 memory T cells,and resting mast cells were significantly correlated with the expression of the three biomarkers.The mRNA–miRNA–TF network showed that ACTG1,CCR7,and STAT1 were regulated by 28,42,and 35 miRNAs,respectively.Moreover,AR,MAX,EP300,and FOXA1 were found to regulate four miRNAs related to the biomarkers.CONCLUSION This study revealed ACTG1,STAT1,and CCR7 as biomarkers of cirrhosis,providing a reference for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cirrhosis.

Bibliometric analysis of research in epilepsy and comorbid depression from 2014 to 2023

BACKGROUND Epilepsy and depression have complicated bidirectional relationships.Our study aimed to explore the field of epilepsy comorbid with depression in a bibliometric perspective from 2014-2023.AIM To improve our understanding of epilepsy and depression by evaluating the relationship between epilepsy and depression,bibliometric analyses were performed.METHODS Epilepsy and depression-related publications from the last decade were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.We conducted bibliometric and visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace,examining authorships,countries,institutions,journals of publication,co-citations of references,connections between keywords,clusters of keywords,and keywords with citation bursts.RESULTS Over the past ten years,we collected 1045 research papers focusing on the field of epilepsy and comorbid depression.Publications on epilepsy and depression have shown a general upward trend over time,though with some fluctuations.The United States,with 287 articles,and the University of Melbourne,contributing 34 articles,were the top countries and institutions,respectively.In addition,in the field of epilepsy and depression,Professor Lee,who has published 30 articles,was the most contributing author.The hot topics pay attention to the quality of life in patients with epilepsy and depression.CONCLUSION We reported that quality of life and stigma in patients with epilepsy comorbid with depression are possible future hot topics and directions in the field of epilepsy and depression research.

Analysis of alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase after radiofrequency ablation of primary liver cancer: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Changes in alkaline phosphatase(ALP)andγ-glutamyltransferase(GGT)levels in patients with primary liver cancer(PLC)after radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor with high incidence worldwide.As a common local treatment,RFA has attracted much attention for its efficacy and influence on liver function.AIM To investigate the effect of serum ALP and GGT levels on the prognosis of patients with PLC treated by RFA.METHODS The preoperative clinical data of 165 patients who were pathologically or clinically diagnosed with PLC and who received RFA in our hospital between October 2018 and June 2023 were collected.The chi-square test was used to compare the data between groups.The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to analyze the associ-ations between serum ALP and GGT levels and overall survival,progression-free survival(PFS)and clinical characteristics of patients before treatment.RESULTS The 1-year survival rates of patients with normal(≤135 U/L)and abnormal(>135 U/L)serum ALP before treatment were 91%and 79%,respectively;the 2-year survival rates were 90%and 68%,respectively;and the 5-year survival rates were 35%and 18%,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.01).Before treatment,the 1-year survival rates of patients with normal serum GGT levels(≤45 U/L)and abnormal serum GGT levels(>45 U/L)were 95%and 87%,the 2-year survival rates were 85%and 71%,and the 5-year survival rates were 37%and 21%,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statist-ically significant(P<0.001).Serum ALP[hazard ratio(HR)=1.766,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.068-2.921,P=0.027]and GGT(HR=2.312,95%CI:1.367-3.912,P=0.002)is closely related to the overall survival of PLC patients after RF ablation and is an independent prognostic factor.The 1-year PFS rates were 72%and 50%,the 2-year PFS rates were 52%and 21%,and the 5-year PFS rates were 14%and 3%,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0001).The 1-year PFS rates were 81%and 56%in patients with normal and abnormal serum GGT levels before treatment,respectively;the 2-year PFS rates were 62%and 35%,respectively;and the 5-year PFS rates were 18%and 7%,respectively,with statistical significance between the two groups(P<0.001).The serum ALP concentration(HR=1.653,95%CI:1.001-2.729,P=0.049)and GGT(HR=1.949,95%CI:1.296-2.930,P=0.001)was closely associated with PFS after RFA in patients with PLC.The proportion of male patients with abnormal ALP levels is high,the Child-Pugh grade of liver function is poor,and the incidence of ascites is high.Among GGT-abnormal patients,the Child-Pugh grade of liver function was poor,the tumor stage was late,the proportion of patients with tumors≥5 cm was high,and the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy was high.CONCLUSION Serum ALP and GGT levels before treatment can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with PLC after RFA,and they have certain guiding significance for the long-term survival of patients with PLC after radiofrequency therapy.

学校选择时学校优先还是专业优先?——基于匹配理论对考生偏好的分析

在双边匹配理论中,录取分数线反映了考生对于志愿的偏好。基于这一理论,本文使用2018年参与教育部第四轮学科评估的418所高校87个一级学科在各地区的高考录取分数线和第四轮学科评估结果数据,验证优质生源和优势学科之间是否存在错配现象,并估计考生对于学校和专业的偏好程度。结果显示,考生对于学校的整体偏好强于对专业的偏好,考生在选择学校时首先会考虑学校质量,其次是所在地区,再次是专业类别,最后才是专业质量。

Proteomics of serum exosomes identified fibulin-1 as a novel biomarker for mild cognitive impairment

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a prodrome of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Cognitive impairment patients often have a delayed diagnosis because there are no early symptoms or conventional diagnostic methods.Exosomes play a vital role in cell-to-cell communications and can act as promising biomarkers in diagnosing diseases.This study was designed to identify serum exosomal candidate proteins that may play roles in diagnosing MCI.Mass spectrometry coupled with tandem mass tag approach-based non-targeted proteomics was used to show the differentially expressed proteins in exosomes between MCI patients and healthy controls,and these differential proteins were validated using immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Correlation of cognitive performance with the serum exosomal protein level was determined.Nanoparticle tracking analysis suggested that there was a higher serum exosome concentration and smaller exosome diameter in individuals with MCI compared with healthy controls.We identified 69 exosomal proteins that were differentially expressed between MCI patients and healthy controls using mass spectrometry analysis.Thirty-nine exosomal proteins were upregulated in MCI patients compared with those in control patients.Exosomal fibulin-1,with an area under the curve value of 0.81,may be a biomarker for an MCI diagnosis.The exosomal protein signature from MCI patients reflected the cell adhesion molecule category.In particular,higher exosomal fibulin-1 levels correlated with lower cognitive performance.Thus,this study revealed that exosomal fibulin-1 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing MCI.

眼部蠕形螨感染影响睑酯菌群组成的相关分析

目的:探讨眼部蠕形螨感染影响睑酯菌群组成的相关分析。方法:采用非干预性、观察性研究的方法,选取2020-07/2021-02我院39例受试者,根据有无蠕形螨感染或有无睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)将受试者分为三组,对照组(14例)、睑板腺功能障碍组(MGD组,14组)、蠕形螨感染组(FM组,11组)。对三组受试者睑板腺睑酯样本进行16S rRNA基因V3~V4片段的高通量测序,测序数据进行生物信息学分析,以研究眼部蠕形螨受试者睑酯菌群的构成及差异。结果:蠕形螨感染组的假单胞菌属和丛毛单胞菌属丰度均显著高于健康对照组和MGD组(P<0.05),罗尔斯通氏菌属丰度显著低于对照组和MGD组(P<0.05)。MGD组和FM组睑酯菌群微生物丰富度、微生物群落多样性显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论:蠕形螨感染改变了睑酯菌群的构成,并提高了睑酯菌群的微生物丰富度和群落多样性。

反熔丝FPGA可配置I/O端口可测性设计研究

反熔丝FPGA在生产阶段不能通过编程后测试对电路进行筛选,必须通过编程前测试来解决生产测试问题。在研究反熔丝FPGA多标准可配置I/O端口电路结构的基础上,提出了一种用于可配置I/O端口的可测性设计(DFT)方案,在可配置I/O端口中插入软配置电路和边界扫描链,实现对可配置端口的临时配置和扫描测试,覆盖所有支持的电平标准及各种可配置I/O功能。仿真及测试结果表明,该DFT能够满足反熔丝FPGA多标准可配置I/O端口的测试需求,能够解决可配置I/O在生产中的测试问题。

Irrigating with cooler water does not reverse high temperature impact on grain yield and quality in hybrid rice

Rice grain yield and quality are negatively impacted by high temperature stress.Irrigation water temperature significantly affects rice growth and development,thus influencing yield and quality.The role of cooler irrigation water in counteracting high temperature induced damages in rice grain yield and quality are not explored.Hence,in the present study two rice hybrids,Liangyoupeijiu(LYPJ)and IIyou 602(IIY602)were exposed to heat stress and irrigated with water having different temperatures in a splitsplit plot experimental design.The stress was imposed starting from heading until maturity under field-based heat tents,over two consecutive years.The maximum day temperature inside the heat tents was set at 38℃.For the irrigation treatments,two different water sources were used including belowground water with cooler water temperature and pond water with relatively higher water temperature.Daytime mean temperatures in the heat tents were increased by 1.2–2.0℃ across two years,while nighttime temperature remained similar at both within and outside the heat tents.Cooler belowground water irrigation did have little effect on air temperature at the canopy level but decreased soil temperature(0.2–1.4℃)especially under control.Heat stress significantly reduced grain yield(33%to 43%),panicles m^(-2)(9%to 10%),spikelets m^(-2)(15%to 22%),grain-filling percentage(13%to 26%)and 1000-grain weight(3%to 5%).Heat stress significantly increased chalkiness and protein content and decreased grain length and amylose content.Grain yield was negatively related to air temperature at the canopy level and soil temperature.Whereas grain quality parameters like chalkiness recorded a significantly positive association with both air and soil temperatures.Irrigating with cooler belowground water reduced the negative effect of heat stress on grain yield by 8.8%in LYPJ,while the same effect was not seen in IIY602,indicating cultivar differences in their response to irrigation water temperature.Our findings reveal that irrigating with cooler belowground water would not significantly mitigate yield loss or improve grain quality under realistic field condition.The outcome of this study adds to the scientific knowledge in understanding the interaction between heat stress and irrigation as a mitigation tool.Irrigation water temperature regulation at the rhizosphere was unable to counteract heat stress damages in rice and hence a more integrated management and genetic options at canopy levels should be explored in the future.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine potentiates plasmin and tPA to inhibit thrombosis

L-Palmitoylcarnitine(L-PC)is an important endogenous fatty acid metabolite.Its classical biological functions are involved in the regulations of membrane molecular dynamics and theβ-oxidation of fatty acids.Decreased plasma long-chain acylcarnitines showed the association of venous thrombosis,implying anticoagulant activity of the metabolites and inspiring us to investigate if and how L-PC,a long-chain acylcarnitine,takes part in coagulation.Here we show that L-PC exerted anti-coagulant effects by potentiating the enzymatic activities of plasmin and tissue plasminogen activator(tPA).L-PC directly interacts with plasmin and tPA with an equilibrium dissociation constant(KD)of 6.47×10^(-9)and 4.46×10^(-9)M,respectively,showing high affinities.In mouse model,L-PC administration significantly inhibited FeCl_(3)-induced arterial thrombosis.It also mitigated intracerebral thrombosis and inflammation in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)mouse model.L-PC induced little bleeding complications.The results show that L-PC has anti-thrombotic function by potentiating plasmin and tPA.

高海拔地区藏族乳腺浸润性导管癌凋亡相关蛋白的表达及凋亡指数的研究

目的探讨藏族乳腺浸润性导管癌Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase 3和凋亡指数(AI)的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法研究60例世居藏族乳腺浸润性导管癌与60例藏族乳腺纤维瘤石蜡组织切片中Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase 3蛋白的表达;采用原位DNA缺口末端标记法检测凋亡指数。结果藏族乳腺浸润性导管癌Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase 3的表达率分别为51.7%、76.7%及60.0%,藏族乳腺纤维瘤组织的Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase 3表达率分别为81.7%、85.0%和80.0%,乳腺浸润性导管癌与乳腺纤维瘤Bcl-2和Caspase 3表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),乳腺纤维瘤组织高于乳腺浸润性导管癌。乳腺浸润性导管癌中AI阳性率与乳腺纤维瘤比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),乳腺浸润性导管癌低于乳腺纤维瘤。AI与肿瘤直径、TNM分期、孕激素受体(PR)表达相关(P<0.05),乳腺浸润性导管癌Bcl-2的表达与淋巴结转移、雌激素受体(ER)表达相关(P<0.05),Caspase 3的表达与ER表达相关(P<0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌中Bcl-2蛋白表达与Bax、Caspase 3蛋白表达相关(P<0.05)。结论藏族乳腺浸润性导管癌中Bcl-2、Caspase 3蛋白低表达;Bcl-2的表达与Bax、Caspase 3的表达相关;Bcl-2的表达与淋巴结转移、ER表达相关;藏族乳腺浸润性导管癌中AI低表达与凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase 3的表达无关;AI与肿瘤直径、TNM分期、PR表达相关。

内界膜瓣在难治性黄斑裂孔手术中的应用进展

难治性黄斑裂孔主要包括大直径、高度近视性、持续性、复发性、外伤性黄斑裂孔。相较于普通裂孔,难治性黄斑裂孔经常规玻璃体切割联合内界膜(internal limiting membrane,ILM)剥除术术后裂孔闭合率大大降低且视功能恢复欠佳。为此,ILM瓣技术开始应用于治疗难治性黄斑裂孔中,并且随着国内外学者不断改进,衍生出了在大小、形态、数量和方式上各异的多种ILM瓣技术,整体提高了裂孔闭合率和改善了术后视功能。然而,ILM瓣技术都各有其优缺点和应用限制,到目前为止,尚未出现公认的有效治疗难治性黄斑裂孔的术式。本文就国内外文献中出现的ILM瓣技术的手术方法和治疗效果予以综述,旨在为难治性黄斑裂孔临床术式的选择提供具体参考,并为未来新术式的改良提供借鉴。

以教控人是否有效?——基于北京、上海两地抬高随迁子女入学门槛政策的比较分析

留守儿童一直是备受关注的话题,它是在中国户籍制度、城乡二元结构的背景下,家庭的迁移决策中产生的。2014年户籍改革严格控制特大城市人口规模使得北京、上海等地区不断提高流动子女的入学门槛,试图以教控人。本文选择了城市规模、人口背景相似的上海、北京两地区,通过DID模型和PSM-DID模型考察了教育政策对流动人口子女随迁、留守的影响,结果表明:(1)大城市对流动儿童较高的入学门槛显著阻碍了流动人口子女随迁,迫使其留在户籍原地成为留守儿童。(2)收紧的教育政策显著增加了流动人口子女单独留守的概率,随迁子女被迫返回原籍读书,父母却仍留在流入地,通过抬高入学门槛以控制人口的目的未实现;(3)政策有明显的技能偏向性。人力资本水平较低的家庭受教育政策的影响程度更大,这在一定程度上固化了人力资本的代际流动。

高海拔地区藏族和汉族乳腺浸润性导管癌凋亡相关蛋白及凋亡指数的研究

目的探讨世居青海的藏汉族人乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3和凋亡指数(AI)的表达差异。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测藏族和汉族各60例乳腺浸润性导管癌中Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3蛋白的表达;采用原位DNA缺口末端标记法检测凋亡指数。结果藏族、汉族乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Bcl-2的表达率分别为52.2%和38.3%,Bax表达率分别为76.7%和61.7%,Caspase-3表达率分别为60.0%和58.3%,藏族、汉族乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中AI阳性率分别为61.2%和60.0%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论世居青海的藏族和汉族乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3的表达无差异,且乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中AI表达比较也无差异。

木犀草素通过调控内质网应激抑制平滑肌细胞的迁移

目的 研究木犀草素对人主动脉平滑肌细胞迁移的调控作用,并探讨其调控作用是否通过激活内质网应激途径实现。方法 体外培养人主动脉平滑肌细胞,分为空白对照组(不做任何处理,BC)、阴性对照组(加等量无关试剂,NC)、木犀草素组(25μmol/L处理)、木犀草素+4-苯基丁酸钠共处理组(4-苯基丁酸钠预处理后加入等量木犀草素),于12h小时后细胞划痕实验法检测人主动脉平滑肌细胞迁移情况,Western blot和RTqPCR检测BIP、CHOP蛋白及RNA表达水平。结果 (1)与空白对照组和阴性对照组相比,木犀草素组细胞迁移水平明显降低,BIP、CHOP表达水平明显增高;(2)与木犀草素组相比,木犀草素+4-苯基丁酸钠共处理组细胞迁移水平增强,同时BIP、CHOP表达水平降低。结论 木犀草素通过上调内质网应激抑制人主动脉平滑肌细胞的迁移。

青海地区胃癌发病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的分析青海地区胃癌发病的危险因素和保护因素,为该地区胃癌的一级预防提供科学依据。方法选取2014年9月—2018年6月于青海省人民医院肿瘤内科住院并经病理活检明确诊断为胃癌的患者389例作为病例组。选取同期该院健康体检者作为对照组。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析胃癌发病的危险因素和保护因素。结果单因素分析显示,职业、文化程度、经济收入、慢性食管炎、胃炎、胃溃疡、胃出血、胃息肉、肝炎、胆囊炎/结石、HP感染、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、油腻饮食、吃饭速度、重盐饮食、腌晒食物、油炸食物、酥油、饮食规律、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、饮用自来水、肿瘤家族史、工作压力大及性格急躁是胃癌的保护或危险因素(P <0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,食管炎[OR=13.692(95%CI:1.573,119.162)]、胃炎[OR=6.005(95%CI:1.812,19.894)]、胃溃疡[OR=23.623(95%CI:3.595,155.245)]、胆囊炎/结石[OR=6.465(95%CI:1.191,35.089)]、幽门螺杆菌感染OOR=18.712(95%CI:5.041,69.451)]、吸烟[OR=5.174(95%CI:2.092,12.797)]、饮酒[OR=9.030(95%CI:3.725,21.892)]、油腻饮食[OR=3.068(95%CI:1.338,7.0360)]、吃饭速度快快OR=5.349(95%CI:2.412,11.866)]、重盐饮食[OR=2.825(95%CI:1.321,6.041)]、常吃腌晒食物[OR=2.643(95%CI:1.081,6.459)]是该地区胃癌发生的主要危险因素;而非农牧民[OR=0.260(95%CI:0.112,0.602)]、文化程度高[OR=0.084(95%CI:0.033,0.216)]、经济收入高[OR=0.179(95%CI:0.075,0.430)]、饮食规律[OR=0.246(95%CI:0.740,0.826)]、常吃新鲜蔬菜[OR=0.199(95%CI:0.087,0.452)]、饮用自来水[OR=0.042(95%CI:0.009,0.185)]是胃癌发生的主要保护因素。结论青海地区胃癌发病率高可能与不良的生活及饮食习惯、慢性胃病史有关,建议制定科学的预防措施进行干预。