Comparison of sentinel lymph node detection performances using blue dye in conjunction with indocyanine green or radioisotope in breast cancer patients: a prospective singlecenter randomized study

Objective:This randomized study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy between the novel dual tracer composed of indocyanine green(ICG)and blue dye(BD)and the conventional dual tracer composed of radioisotope and BD for sentinel lymph node(SLN)mapping in patients with breast cancer.Methods:This study enrolled 471 clinically lymph node-negative patients with primary breast cancer.All patients underwent mastectomy,and those undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)were randomized to receive blue dye plus radioisotope(RB group)or BD plus ICG(IB group).The detection performances on SLN identification rate,positive SLN counts,detection sensitivity,and false-negative rate were compared between the two groups.Results:In the IB group,97%(194/200)of the patients who underwent the ICG and BD dual tracer injection showed fluorescentpositive lymphatic vessels within 2–5 min.The identification rate of SLNs was comparable between the IB group(99.0%,198/200)and the RB group(99.6%,270/271)(P=0.79).No significant differences were observed in the identification rate of metastatic SLNs(22.5%vs.22.9%,P>0.05,RB group vs.IB group,the same below),positive SLN counts(3.72±2.28 vs.3.91±2.13,P>0.05),positive metastatic SLN counts(0.38±0.84 vs.0.34±0.78,P>0.05),SLNB detection sensitivity(94.4%vs.92.5%,P>0.05),or false-negative rate(5.6%vs.7.5%,P>0.05)between the two groups.Conclusions:ICG can be used as a promising alternative tracer for radioisotope in SLN mapping,and when it is combined with BD in lymphangiography,it offers comparable detection sensitivity compared to the conventional lymphatic mapping strategies that are widely used in clinical practice.

引入逆向思维和设计理念的有机合成实验教学改革——以基于逆合成分析法的肉桂酸合成为例

以经典有机化学实验项目——肉桂酸的合成为例,介绍在有机合成实验教学中引入逆向思维的教学设计,经改进后,实验融入了丰富的思政元素,逆向推理思维模式的引入,避免了“照方抓药”式的实验教学;学生通过探究多条合成路线构建目标分子,进一步加深了对有机合成内涵的理解;本项目融入了三项诺贝尔化学奖成果,确保了教学内容的前沿性和先进性。

Vulnerability assessment of coastal wetlands in Minjiang River Estuary based on cloud model under sea level rise

The change of coastal wetland vulnerability affects the ecological environment and the economic development of the estuary area.In the past,most of the assessment studies on the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems stayed in static qualitative research,lacking predictability,and the qualitative and quantitative relationship was not objective enough.In this study,the“Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence”model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change vulnerability definition were used to analyze the main impact of sea level rise caused by climate change on coastal wetland ecosystem in Minjiang River Estuary.The results show that:(1)With the increase of time and carbon emission,the area of high vulnerability and the higher vulnerability increased continuously,and the area of low vulnerability and the lower vulnerability decreased.(2)The eastern and northeastern part of the Culu Island in the Minjiang River Estuary of Fujian Province and the eastern coastal wetland of Meihua Town in Changle District are areas with high vulnerability risk.The area of high vulnerability area of coastal wetland under high emission scenario is wider than that under low emission scenario.(3)Under different sea level rise scenarios,elevation has the greatest impact on the vulnerability of coastal wetlands,and slope has less impact.The impact of sea level rise caused by climate change on the coastal wetland ecosystem in the Minjiang River Estuary is mainly manifested in the sea level rise,which changes the habitat elevation and daily flooding time of coastal wetlands,and then affects the survival and distribution of coastal wetland ecosystems.

“厨房化学”通识教育课程的构建与实施

通识教育是高校教育的重要组成部分,是德智体美劳五育并举的人才培养重要途径。“厨房化学”是面向我校本科生开设的化学类通识教育课程。课程融合学科知识,贴近日常生活,打造兼具学术性与趣味性的全新内容;构建多维考核体系,注重过程性考核与综合能力评判,并引入学生互评环节。该课程有效激发学生学习化学的积极性,提升化学素养,增强综合素质,同时助力科普教育发展,取得良好的教学成效。

C634Y mutation in RET-induced multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A:A case report

BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2)is a rare,autosomal dominant endocrine disease.Currently,the RET proto-oncogene is the only gene implicated in MEN2A pathogenesis.Once an RET carrier is detected,family members should be screened to enable early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma,pheochromocytoma,and hyperparatitity.Among these,medullary thyroid carcinoma is the main factor responsible for patient mortality.Accordingly,delineating strategies to inform clinical follow-up and treatment plans based on genes is paramount for clinical practitioners.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present RET proto-oncogene mutations,clinical characteristics,and treatment strategies in a family with MEN2A.A family study was conducted on patients diagnosed with MEN2A.DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of family members,and first-generation exon sequencing of the RET protooncogene was conducted.The C634Y mutation was identified in three family members spanning three generations.Two patients were sequentially diagnosed with pheochromocytomas and bilateral medullary thyroid carcinomas.A 9-yearold child harboring the gene mutation was diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma.Surgical resection of the tumors was performed.All family members were advised to undergo complete genetic testing related to the C634Y mutation,and the corresponding treatments administered based on test results and associated clinical guidelines.CONCLUSION Advancements in MEN2A research are important for familial management,assessment of medullary thyroid cancer invasive risk,and deciding surgical timing.

Effect of integration of mechanical ball milling and flue gas desulfurization gypsum on dealkalization of bauxite residue

The synergistic impact of mechanical ball milling and flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum on the dealkalization of bauxite residue was investigated through integrated analyses of solution chemistry,mineralogy,and microtopography.The results showed a significant decrease in Na_(2)O content(>30 wt.%)of FGD gypsum-treated bauxite residue after 30 min of mechanical ball milling.Mechanical ball milling resulted in differentiation of the elemental distribution,modification of the minerals in crystalline structure,and promotion in the dissolution of alkaline minerals,thus enhancing the acid neutralization capacity of bauxite residue.5 wt.%FGD gypsum combined with 30 min mechanical ball milling was optimal for the dealkalization of bauxite residue.

Machine Learning Approach Accelerates Search for Solid State Electrolytes

In the current aera of rapid development in the field of electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage,solid-state battery technology is attracting much research and attention.Solid-state electrolytes,as the key component of next-generation battery technology,are favored for their high safety,high energy density,and long life.However,finding high-performance solid-state electrolytes is the primary challenge for solid-state battery applications.Focusing on inorganic solid-state electrolytes,this work highlights the need for ideal solid-state electrolytes to have low electronic conductivity,good thermal stability,and structural and phase stability.Traditional experimental and theoretical computational methods suffer from inefficiency,thus machine learning methods become a novel path to intelligently predict material properties by analyzing a large number of inorganic structural properties and characteristics.Through the gradient descent-based XGBoost algorithm,we successfully predicted the energy band structure and stability of the materials,and screened out only 194 ideal solid-state electrolyte structures from more than 6000 structures that satisfy the requirements of low electronic conductivity and stability simultaneously,which greatly accelerated the development of solid-state batteries.

Direct Synthesis of Layer-Tunable and Transfer-Free Graphene on Device-Compatible Substrates Using Ion Implantation Toward Versatile Applications

Direct synthesis of layer-tunable and transfer-free graphene on technologically important substrates is highly valued for various electronics and device applications.State of the art in the field is currently a two-step process:a high-quality graphene layer synthesis on metal substrate through chemical vapor deposition(CVD)followed by delicate layer transfer onto device-relevant substrates.Here,we report a novel synthesis approach combining ion implantation for a precise graphene layer control and dual-metal smart Janus substrate for a diffusion-limiting graphene formation to directly synthesize large area,high quality,and layer-tunable graphene films on arbitrary substrates without the post-synthesis layer transfer process.Carbon(C)ion implantation was performed on Cu-Ni film deposited on a variety of device-relevant substrates.A well-controlled number of layers of graphene,primarily monolayer and bilayer,is precisely controlled by the equivalent fluence of the implanted C-atoms(1 monolayer~4×10^(15)C-atoms/cm^(2)).Upon thermal annealing to promote Cu-Ni alloying,the pre-implanted C-atoms in the Ni layer are pushed toward the Ni/substrate interface by the top Cu layer due to the poor C-solubility in Cu.As a result,the expelled C-atoms precipitate into a graphene structure at the interface facilitated by the Cu-like alloy catalysis.After removing the alloyed Cu-like surface layer,the layer-tunable graphene on the desired substrate is directly realized.The layer-selectivity,high quality,and uniformity of the graphene films are not only confirmed with detailed characterizations using a suite of surface analysis techniques but more importantly are successfully demonstrated by the excellent properties and performance of several devices directly fabricated from these graphene films.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations using the reactive force field(ReaxFF)were performed to elucidate the graphene formation mechanisms in this novel synthesis approach.With the wide use of ion implantation technology in the microelectronics industry,this novel graphene synthesis approach with precise layer-tunability and transfer-free processing has the promise to advance efficient graphene-device manufacturing and expedite their versatile applications in many fields.

Theoretical investigation of electron-impact ionization of W8+ion

The electron-impact single ionization cross section for W8+ion has been calculated using flexible atomic code,employing the level-to-level distorted-wave approximation.This calculations takes into account contributions form both direct ionization(DI)and excitation autoionization(EA).However,the theoretical predictions,based solely on the ground state,tends to underestimate the experimental values.This discrepancy can be mitigated by incorporation contributions from excited states.We extended the theoretical analysis,including the contributions from the long-lived metastable states with lifetimes exceeding 1.5×10-5 s.We employed two statistical models to predict the fraction of ground state ions in the parent ion beam.Assuming a 79%fraction of parent ions in ground configuration,the experiment measurements align with the predictions.Furthermore we derived the theoretical cross-section for the ground state as correlated plasma rate coefficients,and compared it with existing data.Despite the uncertainty in our calculations,our results are still acceptable.

Initial measurement of ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak

Ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy(UF-CXRS)has been developed on the EAST tokamak(Yingying Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng.Des.146522)to measure fast evolutions of ion temperature and toroidal velocity.Here,we report the preliminary diagnostic measurements after relative sensitivity calibration.The measurement results show a much higher temporal resolution compared with conventional CXRS,benefiting from the usage of a prismcoupled,high-dispersion volume-phase holographic transmission grating and a high quantum efficiency,high-gain detector array.Utilizing the UF-CXRS diagnostic,the fast evolutions of the ion temperature and rotation velocity during a set of high-frequency small-amplitude edgelocalized modes(ELMs)are obtained on the EAST tokamak,which are then compared with the case of large-amplitude ELMs.

Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome resulted in amputation: A case report

BACKGROUND Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome(JCS)is a very rare syndrome.The treatment of JCS is more conservative,and most authors recommend that no surgery should be done in asymptomatic patients.The conventional concept holds that the natural course of non-ossifying fibromas(NOFs)grows with the development of bones,and the osteolytic region gradually stops expanding and self-healing through bone ossifying around the lesion and ossification within the lesion.But in this case,the bone lesions were potentially biologically aggressive,which led to severe limb deformities and pain.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with JCS presenting with not only NOF sand café-au-lait macules,but also showed features not mentioned before,severe limb pain,and at last resulted in amputation.She was admitted to our hospital after presenting with claudication and mild pain over her right thigh,which worsened when stretching or being touched.Skin examination revealed multiple café-au-lait macules on the neck,arm,axilla,and torso,including the nipples and perineum.Radiographs revealed multiple lytic lesions in the proximal part of the right humerus,distal part of the right clavicle,proximal and distal parts of the right femur,and proximal parts of the right tibia and fibula.Curettage and biopsy were performed on the distal part of the right femur.At the age of 7,the girl was re-admitted to our hospital for a pathological fracture in the middle in the right femur and underwent Intralesional excision,internal fixation,bone grafting,and spica casting.At the age of 10,the girl came to our hospital again for severe pain of the right leg.Amputation from the middle level of the right femur was performed.We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with JCS presenting with not only NOFs and café-au-lait macules,but also showed features not mentioned before,severe limb pain,and at last resulted in amputation.She was admitted to our hospital after presenting with claudication and mild pain over her right thigh,which worsened when stretching or being touched.Skin examination revealed multiple café-au-lait macules on the neck,arm,armpit,and torso,including the nipples and perineum.Radiographs revealed multiple lytic lesions in the proximal part of the right humerus,distal part of the right clavicle,proximal and distal parts of the right femur,and proximal parts of the right tibia and fibula.Curettage and biopsy were performed on the distal part of the right femur.At the age of 7,the girl was re-admitted to our hospital for a pathological fracture in the middle in the right femur and underwent Intralesional excision,internal fixation,bone grafting,and spica casting.At the age of 10,the girl came to our hospital again for severe pain of the right leg.Amputation from the middle level of the right femur was performed.CONCLUSION In our opinion,education on preventing pathological fractures and explaining the consequent serious consequences to the parents is a matter of prime significance.At the same time,prophylactic treatment(restricted exercise,support,or surgery)is also considerable for JSC.

Post-dilatation improves stent apposition in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous intervention: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial using optical coherence tomography

BACKGROUND: Stent failure is more likely in the lipid rich and thrombus laden culprit lesions underlying ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).This study assessed the effectiveness of post-dilatation in primary percutaneous coronary intervention(pPCI) for acute STEMI.METHODS: The multi-center POST-STEMI trial enrolled 41 consecutive STEMI patients with symptom onset <12 hours undergoing manual thrombus aspiration and Promus Element stent implantation.Patients were randomly assigned to control group(n=20) or post-dilatation group(n=21) in which a non-compliant balloon was inflated to >16 atm pressure.Strut apposition and coverage were evaluated by optical coherence tomography(OCT) after intracoronary verapamil administration via thrombus aspiration catheter, post pPCI and at 7-month follow-up.The primary endpoint was rate of incomplete strut apposition(ISA) at 7 months after pPCI.RESULTS: There were similar baseline characteristics except for stent length(21.9 [SD 6.5] mm vs.26.0 [SD 5.8] mm, respectively, P=0.03).In post-dilatation vs.control group, ISA rate was lower(2.5% vs.4.5%, P=0.04) immediately after pPCI without affecting final TIMI flow 3 rate(95.2% vs.95.0%, P>0.05) or corrected TIMI frame counts(22.6±9.4 vs.22.0±9.7, P>0.05); and at 7-month follow-up(0.7% vs.1.8%, P<0.0001), the primary study endpoint, with similar strut coverage(98.5% vs.98.4%, P=0.63) and 1-year rate of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).CONCLUSION: In STEMI patients, post-dilatation after stent implantation and thrombus aspiration improved strut apposition up to 7 months without affecting coronary blood flow or 1-year MACE rate.Larger and longer term studies are warranted to further assess safety(Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02121223).

“互联网+”背景下大学化学实验的在线辅助教学模式创新及成效探索

2020年春季学期新冠肺炎疫情防控期间,中国科学技术大学化学实验教学中心充分考虑各实验课程特点,及时调整了教学计划,形成切实可行的“一课一策”在线教学方案,利用前期建设的在线开放课程、虚拟仿真实验教学项目和其他优质教学资源开展在线辅助教学,取得初步成效。

牛SNP芯片分型检出率和分型错误率对基因型填充准确率的影响

SNP芯片已被广泛应用于动植物的遗传研究和生产实践,其基因分型的准确性至关重要。但在实际应用中,常有一定数量的基因型因缺失而需要去估计(填充)。此外,由于各种原因,又常常需要在不同芯片的基因型之间相互填充彼此没有的SNP基因型,或从低密度SNP填充到高密度SNP基因型。因此,基因型填充准确率直接影响后续数据分析的准确性和可靠性。为深入了解基因型填充准确率的影响因素,本研究利用20 116头美国荷斯坦牛的50K SNP芯片基因分型数据,在SNP分型检出率与错误率存在相关和没有相关两种情形下,分别评估了上述两个因素对下游基因型填充准确率的影响。当两者不相关时,模拟的SNP分型检出率从100%降低到50%,SNP分型错误率由0%提升到50%。当两者存在相关时,基因分型的检出率和错误率之间的关系是基于一个实际数据中这两个变量之间的线性回归方程来确定,即模拟的SNP分型检出率从100%降低到50%,SNP分型错误率从0%升高到13.35%。最后,采用5折交叉验证的方法评估基因型填充的准确率。结果表明,当原始数据的SNP分型检出率与错误率彼此独立发生时,基因型填充的错误率受原始SNP分型检出率影响不大(P>0.05),却随着原始SNP分型错误率的升高而显著提高(P<0.01)。当原始数据的SNP分型检出率与错误率存在负相关时,基因型填充的错误率随着原始SNP分型检出率的降低而显著提高(P<0.01)。在这两种情形下,建议SNP分型检出率应在90%以上,基因型填充准确率才能不低于98%。该结果可为提升实际的SNP分型和下游数据分析的质控提供参考依据。

有机化学基础实验课程一流建设

以绿色化学为导向构建制备、纯化、表征有机化学基础实验课程仪器平台,实施基础型、综合型和设计创新型实验项目,建设绿色化、层次化和信息化的课程体系。以信息化、新媒体和互联网为手段,采取形式多样的教学模式,开展线上、线下有机化学基础实验教学,促进师生互动、课堂翻转、教学相长。以教研、科研成果引领课程内容改革,注重理论和实践的融合、传统与前沿的融合,增加课程的趣味性和前沿性,实现课程的高阶性、创新性和挑战度。

IMR、iDose^4及FBP结合不同管电压冠状动脉CT成像的实验研究

目的探讨全模型迭代重建(IMR)、高级混合迭代重建(iDose^4)及滤波反投影(FBP)重建算法在不同管电压条件下冠状动脉CT成像中对图像质量的影响。方法选取小型猪5只,每只猪均进行120、100及80 kV管电压并分别作为A、B、C组。前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉256层螺旋CT扫描,并将原始数据进行FBP、iDose^4及IMR重建算法,比较各组重建图像客观指标(包括噪声、信噪比、对比噪声比及左主干开口处主动脉CT值),并对图像质量进行主观评分。结果不同管电压条件下IMR重建较iDose^4、FBP重建噪声小(P <0.05),iDose^4较FBP噪声大(P <0.05);不同重建方法同一组内主观评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),且80 kV条件下IMR重建图像噪声较120 kV条件下的iDose^4、FBP低(P <0.05)。C组辐射剂量仅为A组的33.68%。结论在冠状动脉CT成像中,IMR较iDose^4和FBP显著提高图像质量,用80 kV低电压扫描结合IMR重建方法既降低了辐射剂量,又提高了图像质量。

Effects of Parasitic Diseases on the Cardiovascular System

The parasitic disease can significantly affect the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms;even though it is traditionally regarded as a disease characterized by parasitic sites’ mechanical damage and some immune responses. Recent studies have shown that the role of parasitic factors in the cause of death due to cardiovascular events cannot be ignored. Considering the worldwide prevalence of parasitic diseases, exploring the effects of parasitic diseases on the cardiovascular system becomes increasingly essential. Here we summarize the latest understanding of common parasitic infections, explore the possible mechanisms of cardiovascular responses to parasitic infections, and propose feasible strategies for preventing and treating parasite-induced cardiac reactions.

有机化学实验线上课程之扬长避短教学设计与实践篇

当前疫情线上教学重心正逐渐转移为如何优化线上课程。针对化学实验线上课程短于实验过程控制环节,而线下课程在时空、科教融合和课堂互动等存在一定的局限性的两难现状,我们以有机化学实验线上课程为例,介绍如何通过重建教案和重整课件、视频、虚拟仿真实验和MOOC等资源,对实验预习、直播课堂、实验过程控制和实验拓展等重要教学环节进行再设计,提高学生主动学习成效和促进科教融合的协同培养。

构建虚实结合、线上线下的制药工程专业实验项目——以湖北大学制药工程专业实验改革为例

基于"一主二翼"思想,为了有效地解决制药工程专业本科实验教学中工程能力不足的问题,设计并开发了工程化集成实验装置,并在此基础上,实施了镇咳药左羟丙哌嗪生产仿真与单元操作工程化模拟的"虚实结合、线上线下"实验教学项目,期望提升学生的工程化意识并加强其工程能力培养,以满足新工科对于专业实验教学的新要求。

有机化学课程思政的探索与实践

有机化学课程的教学内容多、知识覆盖面广,蕴含着丰富的“思政”元素,是开展思政教育的重要阵地。本文分析了当前有机化学课程思政建设存在的不足,提出了深入推进有机化学课程思政教学改革的具体举措,对高校专业课程的思政教育具有参考价值。