Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with...Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.展开更多
Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater is pivotal for supporting the exploitation and utilization of natural strontium-rich groundwater.In this research,27...Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater is pivotal for supporting the exploitation and utilization of natural strontium-rich groundwater.In this research,27 groundwater samples were collected.By analyzing major ion chemistry and strontium isotope data,and considering the hydrogeological context,various analytical approaches,including multivariate statistics,ion ratios,and isotopes,were used to reveal the characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater in the study area.The findings indicate that the predominant hydrochemical type of groundwater is HCO_(3)-Ca,with Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(-)as the primary cations and anions.The hydrochemistry of the strontium-rich groundwater is predominantly influenced by rock weathering processes.A combination of factors,including ion exchange,and anthropogenic activities,shapes the compositional characteristics of the groundwater in the region.The dissolution of calcite due to weathering emerges as the principal source of strontium in the groundwater.While ion exchange processes are not conducive to strontium enrichment in groundwater,their effect is relatively limited.The impact of human activities on the groundwater is minor.展开更多
BACKGROUND Quantitative studies on the changes in inflammation-related content in tears,especially the effect of diabetes,are lacking.In this study,we measured the preoperative and postoperative tear inflammatory medi...BACKGROUND Quantitative studies on the changes in inflammation-related content in tears,especially the effect of diabetes,are lacking.In this study,we measured the preoperative and postoperative tear inflammatory mediator levels in cataract patients,focusing on the expression of inflammatory factors in postoperative cataracts in the diabetic,and investigated the effect of drugs on the control of postoperative inflammation.AIM To study the expression of inflammatory factors in elderly people with type 2 diabetes after cataract surgery.METHODS Patients with a mean age of 70.3±6.3 years were divided into group A(composed of elderly patients with cataracts and type 2 diabetes,n=20 eyes)and group B(patients with age-related cataract,n=20 eyes).Their tears were collected before each operation and on days 1 and 3,and weeks 1,2,3,and 4 post-surgery.Saline(150μL)was dropped into the conjunctival sac of the surgical eye,followed by oculogyration in four directions.The fluid in the conjunctival sac was extracted using a sterile syringe and stored in Eppendorf tubes at-80°C until measurement.The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),MMP-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),TIMP-2,interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-20 in tear fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The postoperative expression levels of MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-2,IL-6,and IL-20 in group A were significantly higher than those in group B,whereas the concentration of TIMP-1 in group A remained lower than that in group B.The levels of MMP-2 and IL-6 in both groups continuously increased until the peak in the first postoperative week,and then gradually decreased over the next three weeks.Ultimately,MMP-2 declined to a lower level than that preoperatively at week 4,but IL-6 decreased to the same level as that preoperatively.The level of MMP-9 peaked in the first two weeks postoperative and then returned to the same level as 1-day post-operation.The concentration of TIMP-1 post-operation remained constant at a lower level than before surgery,and TIMP-2 Levels remained stable in both groups.IL-20 content started to increase in the third week after surgery.CONCLUSION Inflammatory factor levels in tears fluctuated before and post-operation,which indicated more severe postoperative inflammation in the first two weeks.展开更多
Many high quality studies have emerged from public databases,such as Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER),National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES),The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and Medical I...Many high quality studies have emerged from public databases,such as Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER),National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES),The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC);however,these data are often characterized by a high degree of dimensional heterogeneity,timeliness,scarcity,irregularity,and other characteristics,resulting in the value of these data not being fully utilized.Data-mining technology has been a frontier field in medical research,as it demonstrates excellent performance in evaluating patient risks and assisting clinical decision-making in building disease-prediction models.Therefore,data mining has unique advantages in clinical big-data research,especially in large-scale medical public databases.This article introduced the main medical public database and described the steps,tasks,and models of data mining in simple language.Additionally,we described data-mining methods along with their practical applications.The goal of this work was to aid clinical researchers in gaining a clear and intuitive understanding of the application of data-mining technology on clinical big-data in order to promote the production of research results that are beneficial to doctors and patients.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether 7-d triple therapies are still valid in populations with low levels of resistance.METHODS: A total of 1106 Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-positive patients were divided into three groups,ea...AIM: To investigate whether 7-d triple therapies are still valid in populations with low levels of resistance.METHODS: A total of 1106 Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-positive patients were divided into three groups,each of which received one type of 7-d triple therapy. Therapeutic outcomes of the patients were assessed by the 13C-urea breath test at 8 wk after treatment. The susceptibility of H. pylori to antibiotics was determined by an agar-dilution method. Data analysis was performed by χ2 tests.RESULTS: The eradication rates in groups A,B and C were 90.71%(332/366),90.46%(313/346) and 90.87%(189/208),respectively(P = 0.986). The resistance rates were 8.91% for clarithromycin,14.78% for levofloxacin and 0% for amoxicillin. The eradication rate was significantly different between clarithromycin-and levofloxacin-resistant patients(P < 0.05) in group A. Patients whose treatment failed in group A also had a higher clarithromycin resistance rate than did successive patients(P = 0.034). However,levofloxacin resistance had no obvious influence on the eradication rate. Furthermore,three main antibiotics(clarithromycin,levofloxacin and amoxicillin) had lower DID(defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day) in this city.CONCLUSION: Clarithromycin resistance is the main reason for the failure of 7-d triple therapy. In populations with low levels of resistance,a 7-d triple therapy is a viable choice. The choice of therapy should not be influenced by conditions in high antibiotic resistance regions.展开更多
The number of liver cancer patients is likely to continue to increase in the coming decades due to the aging of the population and changing risk factors.Traditional treatments cannot meet the needs of all patients.New...The number of liver cancer patients is likely to continue to increase in the coming decades due to the aging of the population and changing risk factors.Traditional treatments cannot meet the needs of all patients.New treatment methods evolved from pulsed electric field ablation are expected to lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of liver cancer.This paper reviews the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation in clinical studies,the methods to detect and evaluate its ablation effect,the improvements in equipment and its antitumor effect,and animal and clinical trials on electrochemotherapy.We also summarize studies on the most novel nanosecond pulsed electric field ablation techniques in vitro and in vivo.These research results are certain to promote the progress of pulsed electric field in the treatment of liver cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of Erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and the correlation with angiogenesis and clinicopathological features. METHODS: The expressions of Ep...AIM: To investigate the expression of Erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and the correlation with angiogenesis and clinicopathological features. METHODS: The expressions of Epo, EpoR and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as mi-crovessel density were evaluated in 172 GAC biopsies by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between these parameters and patient’s clinicopathological features were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The proportion of Epo and EpoR alterations in GAC was higher than that in adjacent normal mucosa (P = 0.035 and 0.030). Epo high-expression was associ-ated with EpoR high-expression, Lauren type, extensivelymph node metastasis and advanced stage of GAC (P = 0.018, 0.018, 0.004 and 0), while EpoR expression was linked with older age, World Health Organization type, extensive lymph node metastasis and advanced stage (P = 0.001, 0.013, 0.008 and 0.001). VEGF high expression was significantly correlated with EpoR low-expression, Lauren type, extensive lymph node metastasis and advanced stage (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.007). The expression of Epo or EpoR was associated with microvessel density (P = 0.004 and 0.046). On multivariate analysis, only lymph node metastasis, abnormal Epo expression and tumor nodes metastases stage were independently associated with survival. In addition, a strong association with the immunohistochemical expression of EpoR and the angiogenic protein, VEGF, was noted. CONCLUSION: Increased expression of Epo and EpoR may play a signif icant role in the carcinogenesis, angiogenesis and progression of GAC. Epo may be an inde-pendent prognostic factor.展开更多
In this paper,15 rivers and 10 lake reservoirs in the Liaohe River basin were taken as research objects. Based on six indexes: satisfaction situation of ecological water demand,standard-reaching rate of water quality ...In this paper,15 rivers and 10 lake reservoirs in the Liaohe River basin were taken as research objects. Based on six indexes: satisfaction situation of ecological water demand,standard-reaching rate of water quality in water function area,eutrophication index of lakes and reservoirs,longitudinal connectivity of rivers,reserve rate of important wetlands and status of important aquatic habitat,water ecological conditions of main rivers and lakes in the basin were evaluated. The results showed that the rivers with better ecology were mainly distributed in east mountainous area of Liaoning,such as the upper reaches of the Hunhe River and the Taizi River;the problems of water pollution,ecological water shortage and habitat shrinkage were widespread in the Liaohe River basin,and the situation of water ecological security in the Liaohe River basin still faced great pressure.展开更多
Background:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.During CPR,both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide re...Background:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.During CPR,both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection.The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients.Main recommendations:1)A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs.2)Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended,since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest.3)Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment(PPE).4)Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19.5)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended.6)Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early.7)CPR should be provided for 20-30 min.8)Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members,ethics,transmission risks,and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control.Changes in management:The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed:1)Healthcare workers should wear PPE.2)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols.3)Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered.4)Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical water splitting can convert solar energy into clean hydrogen energy for storage.It is desirable to explore non-precious electrocatalysts for practical applications of a photoelectrode in a large s...Photoelectrochemical water splitting can convert solar energy into clean hydrogen energy for storage.It is desirable to explore non-precious electrocatalysts for practical applications of a photoelectrode in a large scale.Here,we developed a facile spin-coating and in-situ photoelectrochemical reduction method to prepare a dispersed Cu electrocatalyst on a Si photocathode,which improves the performance remarkably.We find that thiourea in the precursor solution for spin-coating plays an important role in obtaining dispersed Cu particles on the surface of a Si photoelectrode.With thiourea in the precursor,the Cu/Si photocathode shows higher performance than the one without thiourea.Moreover,the Cu/Si photocathode also indicates good stability after 16 h illumination.展开更多
Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection...Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.展开更多
Jihei buffer zone of the Second Songhua River in lower reaches of Songyuan City of the Songhua River was taken as the research object,and the current water quality,point source and non-point source pollution,and regio...Jihei buffer zone of the Second Songhua River in lower reaches of Songyuan City of the Songhua River was taken as the research object,and the current water quality,point source and non-point source pollution,and regional social and economic conditions of the buffer zone and its upstream water functional area were investigated.According to pollution sources and pollutant carrying capacity of water functional areas,analysis on main pollution factors in buffer zone was completed.展开更多
Wetland plays an extremely important role in economy and ecological environment,and the construction of constructed wetland also has a certain impact on the environment.Via the evaluation on environmental status of co...Wetland plays an extremely important role in economy and ecological environment,and the construction of constructed wetland also has a certain impact on the environment.Via the evaluation on environmental status of constructed wetland,the main environmental problems are found out,and the impact of construction of constructed wetland project on local water environment and ecological environment is analyzed,and evaluation conclusion is obtained.展开更多
The Shitoukoumen Reservoir is one of main drinking water source areas in Changchun City,and there is a contradiction between the protection and the economic development of water source areas. In this paper,the primary...The Shitoukoumen Reservoir is one of main drinking water source areas in Changchun City,and there is a contradiction between the protection and the economic development of water source areas. In this paper,the primary and secondary reserves in drinking water source area of the Shitoukoumen Reservoir are taken as research objects. Based on the theory of ecological compensation,the ecological compensation standard is accounted and determined from different perspectives,and the suggestion of the phased ecological compensation in water source areas is proposed.展开更多
Salmonella Typhimurium creates an intracellular niche for its replication by utilizing a large cohort of effectors,including several that function to interfere with host ubiquitin signaling.Although the mechanism of a...Salmonella Typhimurium creates an intracellular niche for its replication by utilizing a large cohort of effectors,including several that function to interfere with host ubiquitin signaling.Although the mechanism of action of many such effectors has been elucidated,how the interplay between the host ubiquitin network and bacterial virulence factors dictates the outcome of infection largely remains undefined.In this study,we found that the SPI‐2 effector SseK3 inhibits SNARE pairing to promote the formation of a Salmonella‐induced filament by Arg‐GlcNAcylation of SNARE proteins,including SNAP25,VAMP8,and Syntaxin.Further study reveals that host cells counteract the activity of SseK3 by inducing the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32,which catalyzes K48‐linked ubiquitination on SseK3 and targets its membrane‐associated portion for degradation.Hence,TRIM32 antagonizes SNAP25 Arg‐GlcNAcylation induced by SseK3 to restrict Salmonella‐induced filament biogenesis and Salmonella replication.Our study reveals a mechanism by which host cells inhibit bacterial replication by eliminating specific virulence factors.展开更多
Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)are commonly used for disease screening,diagnosis,and treatment guidance.However,abdominal MRI has disadvantages including slow speed and vulnerabili...Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)are commonly used for disease screening,diagnosis,and treatment guidance.However,abdominal MRI has disadvantages including slow speed and vulnerability to motions,while CT suffers from problems of radiation.It has been reported that deep learning reconstruction can solve such problems while maintaining good image quality.Recently,deep learning-based image reconstruction has become a hot topic in the field of medical imaging.This study reviews the latest research on deep learning reconstruction in abdominal imaging,including the widely used convolutional neural network,generative adversarial network,and recurrent neural network.展开更多
Urinary incontinence(UI)is a disease that quietly yet seriously impacts women's health and represents a global health burden that is often neglected.This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and dyna...Urinary incontinence(UI)is a disease that quietly yet seriously impacts women's health and represents a global health burden that is often neglected.This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and dynamics of female UI in China,and can inform further policies and have international implications.This study used three nationwide investigations:A national cross-sectional survey in 2021;another nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2006;and data regarding the institutions and physicians providing pelvic floor rehabilitation services from 2005 to 2019.The weighted prevalence of female UI and its subtypes,including stress UI(SUI),urgency UI(UUI),and mixed UI(MUI),were estimated as primary outcomes.Knowledge,attitude and care-seeking behaviors of UI were evaluated.It was found that the weighted prevalence of female UI was 16.0%(95%CI,13.3%–19.1%)with SUI remaining the predominant subtype(7.0%)in 2021,followed by MUI(6.5%)and UUI(1.9%).The estimated absolute number of Chinese adult women with UI was 85.8 million in 2021.52.7%(95%CI,45.9%–59.4%)of women were aware that UI was a medical condition,and only 10.1%of women with UI sought health care.After 15 years of development,there were 8400 pelvic floor rehabilitation institutions and nearly 10,000 relevant physicians in ChinaDthey were found to be associated with UI prevalence.The UI prevalence in China was significantly lower in 2021 compared to that in 2006.Despite the achievement,UI remains a public health problem,especially given China's fast aging and three-child policy.More innovations,especially those that can facilitate care seeking,are needed to address this prevalent yet treatable condition.展开更多
Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via the two-electron(2e-)pathway of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)supplies an auspicious alternative to the current industrial anthraquinone process.Nonethele...Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via the two-electron(2e-)pathway of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)supplies an auspicious alternative to the current industrial anthraquinone process.Nonetheless,it still lacks efficient electrocatalysts to achieve high ORR activity together with 2e-selectivity simultaneously.Herein,a boron-doped defective nanocarbon(B-DC)electrocatalyst is synthesized by using fullerene frameworks as the precursor and boric oxide as the boron source.The obtained B-DC materials have a hierarchical porous structure,befitting boron dopants,and abundant topological pentagon defects,exhibiting a high ORR onset potential of 0.78 V and a dominated 2e-selectivity(over 95%).Remarkably,when B-DC electrocatalyst is employed in a real device,it achieves a high H_(2)O_(2) yield rate(247 mg·L^(-1)·h^(-1)),quantitative Faraday efficiency(~100%),and ultrafast organic pollutant degradation rate.The theoretical calculation reveals that the synergistic effect of topological pentagon defects and the incorporation of boron dopants promote the activation of the O_(2) molecule and facilitates the desorption of oxygen intermediate.This finding will be very helpful for the comprehension of the synergistic effect of topological defects and heteroatom dopants for boosting the electrocatalytic performance of nanocarbon toward H_(2)O_(2) production.展开更多
Herein,we disclose a ligand-controlled,directing group-assisted strategy to facilitate NiH-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of allyl amides at remoteα-position adjacent to nitrogen and initial olefinic site in a predictab...Herein,we disclose a ligand-controlled,directing group-assisted strategy to facilitate NiH-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of allyl amides at remoteα-position adjacent to nitrogen and initial olefinic site in a predictable and switchable manner.Bromoalkynedependent regiodivergent hydroalkynylation and asymmetric hydroalkynylation with a wide alkyne scope were achieved,producingα-and(enantioenriched)β-branched alkynyl-functionalized amine derivatives from the same raw materials.The formation of a carbonyl-ligated 5-or 6-membered nickelacycle intermediate via Ni migration or nonmigration was believed to be the key step in controlling the regioselectivity.This asymmetric protocol could be applied to synthesizing other value-added chiral aliphatic amines.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192900,82192901,82192904,81941018,and 91846303)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research(BMU2022MX025)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kongsupported by grants from the UK Wellcome Trust(212946/Z/18/Z,202922/Z/16/Z,104085/Z/14/Z,and 088158/Z/09/Z)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0900500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81390540)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2011BAI09B01)。
文摘Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2020GXNSFAA297025)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(GuikeAB22080046)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(GuikeAB21196050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177075)the Natural Resources Science and Technology Strategic Research Project(2023-ZL-23)the Survey and China Geological Survey(DD20221808 and DD20230547).
文摘Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater is pivotal for supporting the exploitation and utilization of natural strontium-rich groundwater.In this research,27 groundwater samples were collected.By analyzing major ion chemistry and strontium isotope data,and considering the hydrogeological context,various analytical approaches,including multivariate statistics,ion ratios,and isotopes,were used to reveal the characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater in the study area.The findings indicate that the predominant hydrochemical type of groundwater is HCO_(3)-Ca,with Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(-)as the primary cations and anions.The hydrochemistry of the strontium-rich groundwater is predominantly influenced by rock weathering processes.A combination of factors,including ion exchange,and anthropogenic activities,shapes the compositional characteristics of the groundwater in the region.The dissolution of calcite due to weathering emerges as the principal source of strontium in the groundwater.While ion exchange processes are not conducive to strontium enrichment in groundwater,their effect is relatively limited.The impact of human activities on the groundwater is minor.
基金Supported by Cataract Prevention and Control Appropriate Technology Base of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission(Regional Demonstration),No.2022JDXM012。
文摘BACKGROUND Quantitative studies on the changes in inflammation-related content in tears,especially the effect of diabetes,are lacking.In this study,we measured the preoperative and postoperative tear inflammatory mediator levels in cataract patients,focusing on the expression of inflammatory factors in postoperative cataracts in the diabetic,and investigated the effect of drugs on the control of postoperative inflammation.AIM To study the expression of inflammatory factors in elderly people with type 2 diabetes after cataract surgery.METHODS Patients with a mean age of 70.3±6.3 years were divided into group A(composed of elderly patients with cataracts and type 2 diabetes,n=20 eyes)and group B(patients with age-related cataract,n=20 eyes).Their tears were collected before each operation and on days 1 and 3,and weeks 1,2,3,and 4 post-surgery.Saline(150μL)was dropped into the conjunctival sac of the surgical eye,followed by oculogyration in four directions.The fluid in the conjunctival sac was extracted using a sterile syringe and stored in Eppendorf tubes at-80°C until measurement.The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),MMP-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),TIMP-2,interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-20 in tear fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The postoperative expression levels of MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-2,IL-6,and IL-20 in group A were significantly higher than those in group B,whereas the concentration of TIMP-1 in group A remained lower than that in group B.The levels of MMP-2 and IL-6 in both groups continuously increased until the peak in the first postoperative week,and then gradually decreased over the next three weeks.Ultimately,MMP-2 declined to a lower level than that preoperatively at week 4,but IL-6 decreased to the same level as that preoperatively.The level of MMP-9 peaked in the first two weeks postoperative and then returned to the same level as 1-day post-operation.The concentration of TIMP-1 post-operation remained constant at a lower level than before surgery,and TIMP-2 Levels remained stable in both groups.IL-20 content started to increase in the third week after surgery.CONCLUSION Inflammatory factor levels in tears fluctuated before and post-operation,which indicated more severe postoperative inflammation in the first two weeks.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16BGL183).
文摘Many high quality studies have emerged from public databases,such as Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER),National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES),The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC);however,these data are often characterized by a high degree of dimensional heterogeneity,timeliness,scarcity,irregularity,and other characteristics,resulting in the value of these data not being fully utilized.Data-mining technology has been a frontier field in medical research,as it demonstrates excellent performance in evaluating patient risks and assisting clinical decision-making in building disease-prediction models.Therefore,data mining has unique advantages in clinical big-data research,especially in large-scale medical public databases.This article introduced the main medical public database and described the steps,tasks,and models of data mining in simple language.Additionally,we described data-mining methods along with their practical applications.The goal of this work was to aid clinical researchers in gaining a clear and intuitive understanding of the application of data-mining technology on clinical big-data in order to promote the production of research results that are beneficial to doctors and patients.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China,No.2001C23140National Technology R and D Program in the 12th Five-Year Plan of China,No.2012BAI06B02+2 种基金Major Technology Project as part of"Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases including AIDS and Viral Hepatitis",No.2013ZX10004216-002National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development ProjectNo.2012YQ180117
文摘AIM: To investigate whether 7-d triple therapies are still valid in populations with low levels of resistance.METHODS: A total of 1106 Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-positive patients were divided into three groups,each of which received one type of 7-d triple therapy. Therapeutic outcomes of the patients were assessed by the 13C-urea breath test at 8 wk after treatment. The susceptibility of H. pylori to antibiotics was determined by an agar-dilution method. Data analysis was performed by χ2 tests.RESULTS: The eradication rates in groups A,B and C were 90.71%(332/366),90.46%(313/346) and 90.87%(189/208),respectively(P = 0.986). The resistance rates were 8.91% for clarithromycin,14.78% for levofloxacin and 0% for amoxicillin. The eradication rate was significantly different between clarithromycin-and levofloxacin-resistant patients(P < 0.05) in group A. Patients whose treatment failed in group A also had a higher clarithromycin resistance rate than did successive patients(P = 0.034). However,levofloxacin resistance had no obvious influence on the eradication rate. Furthermore,three main antibiotics(clarithromycin,levofloxacin and amoxicillin) had lower DID(defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day) in this city.CONCLUSION: Clarithromycin resistance is the main reason for the failure of 7-d triple therapy. In populations with low levels of resistance,a 7-d triple therapy is a viable choice. The choice of therapy should not be influenced by conditions in high antibiotic resistance regions.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China,No.2018ZX10301201 and No.2017ZX10302201National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFC2000500。
文摘The number of liver cancer patients is likely to continue to increase in the coming decades due to the aging of the population and changing risk factors.Traditional treatments cannot meet the needs of all patients.New treatment methods evolved from pulsed electric field ablation are expected to lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of liver cancer.This paper reviews the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation in clinical studies,the methods to detect and evaluate its ablation effect,the improvements in equipment and its antitumor effect,and animal and clinical trials on electrochemotherapy.We also summarize studies on the most novel nanosecond pulsed electric field ablation techniques in vitro and in vivo.These research results are certain to promote the progress of pulsed electric field in the treatment of liver cancer.
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of Erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and the correlation with angiogenesis and clinicopathological features. METHODS: The expressions of Epo, EpoR and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as mi-crovessel density were evaluated in 172 GAC biopsies by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between these parameters and patient’s clinicopathological features were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The proportion of Epo and EpoR alterations in GAC was higher than that in adjacent normal mucosa (P = 0.035 and 0.030). Epo high-expression was associ-ated with EpoR high-expression, Lauren type, extensivelymph node metastasis and advanced stage of GAC (P = 0.018, 0.018, 0.004 and 0), while EpoR expression was linked with older age, World Health Organization type, extensive lymph node metastasis and advanced stage (P = 0.001, 0.013, 0.008 and 0.001). VEGF high expression was significantly correlated with EpoR low-expression, Lauren type, extensive lymph node metastasis and advanced stage (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.007). The expression of Epo or EpoR was associated with microvessel density (P = 0.004 and 0.046). On multivariate analysis, only lymph node metastasis, abnormal Epo expression and tumor nodes metastases stage were independently associated with survival. In addition, a strong association with the immunohistochemical expression of EpoR and the angiogenic protein, VEGF, was noted. CONCLUSION: Increased expression of Epo and EpoR may play a signif icant role in the carcinogenesis, angiogenesis and progression of GAC. Epo may be an inde-pendent prognostic factor.
基金Supported by the National Water Resources Protection Plan of the Ministry of Water Resources。
文摘In this paper,15 rivers and 10 lake reservoirs in the Liaohe River basin were taken as research objects. Based on six indexes: satisfaction situation of ecological water demand,standard-reaching rate of water quality in water function area,eutrophication index of lakes and reservoirs,longitudinal connectivity of rivers,reserve rate of important wetlands and status of important aquatic habitat,water ecological conditions of main rivers and lakes in the basin were evaluated. The results showed that the rivers with better ecology were mainly distributed in east mountainous area of Liaoning,such as the upper reaches of the Hunhe River and the Taizi River;the problems of water pollution,ecological water shortage and habitat shrinkage were widespread in the Liaohe River basin,and the situation of water ecological security in the Liaohe River basin still faced great pressure.
文摘Background:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.During CPR,both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection.The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients.Main recommendations:1)A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs.2)Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended,since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest.3)Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment(PPE).4)Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19.5)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended.6)Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early.7)CPR should be provided for 20-30 min.8)Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members,ethics,transmission risks,and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control.Changes in management:The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed:1)Healthcare workers should wear PPE.2)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols.3)Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered.4)Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.
基金supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2017YFE0120700)the National Natural Science foundation of China (21875105, 61674097)+1 种基金the National Scientific Instrument Develop Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51627810)the advanced research program of Education Institute of Jiangsu Province (PPZY2015A033)
文摘Photoelectrochemical water splitting can convert solar energy into clean hydrogen energy for storage.It is desirable to explore non-precious electrocatalysts for practical applications of a photoelectrode in a large scale.Here,we developed a facile spin-coating and in-situ photoelectrochemical reduction method to prepare a dispersed Cu electrocatalyst on a Si photocathode,which improves the performance remarkably.We find that thiourea in the precursor solution for spin-coating plays an important role in obtaining dispersed Cu particles on the surface of a Si photoelectrode.With thiourea in the precursor,the Cu/Si photocathode shows higher performance than the one without thiourea.Moreover,the Cu/Si photocathode also indicates good stability after 16 h illumination.
文摘Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.
文摘Jihei buffer zone of the Second Songhua River in lower reaches of Songyuan City of the Songhua River was taken as the research object,and the current water quality,point source and non-point source pollution,and regional social and economic conditions of the buffer zone and its upstream water functional area were investigated.According to pollution sources and pollutant carrying capacity of water functional areas,analysis on main pollution factors in buffer zone was completed.
文摘Wetland plays an extremely important role in economy and ecological environment,and the construction of constructed wetland also has a certain impact on the environment.Via the evaluation on environmental status of constructed wetland,the main environmental problems are found out,and the impact of construction of constructed wetland project on local water environment and ecological environment is analyzed,and evaluation conclusion is obtained.
文摘The Shitoukoumen Reservoir is one of main drinking water source areas in Changchun City,and there is a contradiction between the protection and the economic development of water source areas. In this paper,the primary and secondary reserves in drinking water source area of the Shitoukoumen Reservoir are taken as research objects. Based on the theory of ecological compensation,the ecological compensation standard is accounted and determined from different perspectives,and the suggestion of the phased ecological compensation in water source areas is proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2021YFD1800404 and 2018YFA0508000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270197 and 32200156)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20222104 and Q20212106)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2021CFB472 and 2022CFB934).
文摘Salmonella Typhimurium creates an intracellular niche for its replication by utilizing a large cohort of effectors,including several that function to interfere with host ubiquitin signaling.Although the mechanism of action of many such effectors has been elucidated,how the interplay between the host ubiquitin network and bacterial virulence factors dictates the outcome of infection largely remains undefined.In this study,we found that the SPI‐2 effector SseK3 inhibits SNARE pairing to promote the formation of a Salmonella‐induced filament by Arg‐GlcNAcylation of SNARE proteins,including SNAP25,VAMP8,and Syntaxin.Further study reveals that host cells counteract the activity of SseK3 by inducing the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32,which catalyzes K48‐linked ubiquitination on SseK3 and targets its membrane‐associated portion for degradation.Hence,TRIM32 antagonizes SNAP25 Arg‐GlcNAcylation induced by SseK3 to restrict Salmonella‐induced filament biogenesis and Salmonella replication.Our study reveals a mechanism by which host cells inhibit bacterial replication by eliminating specific virulence factors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61902338 and No.62001120Shanghai Sailing Program,No.20YF1402400.
文摘Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)are commonly used for disease screening,diagnosis,and treatment guidance.However,abdominal MRI has disadvantages including slow speed and vulnerability to motions,while CT suffers from problems of radiation.It has been reported that deep learning reconstruction can solve such problems while maintaining good image quality.Recently,deep learning-based image reconstruction has become a hot topic in the field of medical imaging.This study reviews the latest research on deep learning reconstruction in abdominal imaging,including the widely used convolutional neural network,generative adversarial network,and recurrent neural network.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2701300,2023YFC2706000 and 2018YFC2002201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72104247)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-087,2022-PUMCH-A-023)。
文摘Urinary incontinence(UI)is a disease that quietly yet seriously impacts women's health and represents a global health burden that is often neglected.This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and dynamics of female UI in China,and can inform further policies and have international implications.This study used three nationwide investigations:A national cross-sectional survey in 2021;another nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2006;and data regarding the institutions and physicians providing pelvic floor rehabilitation services from 2005 to 2019.The weighted prevalence of female UI and its subtypes,including stress UI(SUI),urgency UI(UUI),and mixed UI(MUI),were estimated as primary outcomes.Knowledge,attitude and care-seeking behaviors of UI were evaluated.It was found that the weighted prevalence of female UI was 16.0%(95%CI,13.3%–19.1%)with SUI remaining the predominant subtype(7.0%)in 2021,followed by MUI(6.5%)and UUI(1.9%).The estimated absolute number of Chinese adult women with UI was 85.8 million in 2021.52.7%(95%CI,45.9%–59.4%)of women were aware that UI was a medical condition,and only 10.1%of women with UI sought health care.After 15 years of development,there were 8400 pelvic floor rehabilitation institutions and nearly 10,000 relevant physicians in ChinaDthey were found to be associated with UI prevalence.The UI prevalence in China was significantly lower in 2021 compared to that in 2006.Despite the achievement,UI remains a public health problem,especially given China's fast aging and three-child policy.More innovations,especially those that can facilitate care seeking,are needed to address this prevalent yet treatable condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22001084,21925104,and 92261204)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2023R398)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via the two-electron(2e-)pathway of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)supplies an auspicious alternative to the current industrial anthraquinone process.Nonetheless,it still lacks efficient electrocatalysts to achieve high ORR activity together with 2e-selectivity simultaneously.Herein,a boron-doped defective nanocarbon(B-DC)electrocatalyst is synthesized by using fullerene frameworks as the precursor and boric oxide as the boron source.The obtained B-DC materials have a hierarchical porous structure,befitting boron dopants,and abundant topological pentagon defects,exhibiting a high ORR onset potential of 0.78 V and a dominated 2e-selectivity(over 95%).Remarkably,when B-DC electrocatalyst is employed in a real device,it achieves a high H_(2)O_(2) yield rate(247 mg·L^(-1)·h^(-1)),quantitative Faraday efficiency(~100%),and ultrafast organic pollutant degradation rate.The theoretical calculation reveals that the synergistic effect of topological pentagon defects and the incorporation of boron dopants promote the activation of the O_(2) molecule and facilitates the desorption of oxygen intermediate.This finding will be very helpful for the comprehension of the synergistic effect of topological defects and heteroatom dopants for boosting the electrocatalytic performance of nanocarbon toward H_(2)O_(2) production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21901185)funds provided by Tianjin Normal University,China.
文摘Herein,we disclose a ligand-controlled,directing group-assisted strategy to facilitate NiH-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of allyl amides at remoteα-position adjacent to nitrogen and initial olefinic site in a predictable and switchable manner.Bromoalkynedependent regiodivergent hydroalkynylation and asymmetric hydroalkynylation with a wide alkyne scope were achieved,producingα-and(enantioenriched)β-branched alkynyl-functionalized amine derivatives from the same raw materials.The formation of a carbonyl-ligated 5-or 6-membered nickelacycle intermediate via Ni migration or nonmigration was believed to be the key step in controlling the regioselectivity.This asymmetric protocol could be applied to synthesizing other value-added chiral aliphatic amines.