对羟基苯乙酮萃取实验研究

部分高校开设的有机化学萃取实验,采用是乙酸乙酯萃取质量分数为5%的苯酚水溶液,鉴于苯酚具有中等毒性和腐蚀性,在实验操作过程中,如萃取、有机相干燥、蒸馏溶剂回收等实验环节都会挥发,为了绿色化实验,减少指导教师和学生在实验过程中吸入有毒化合物及苯酚对环境的危害,选择了化妆品中常用添加剂对羟基苯乙酮替代苯酚作为研究对象,配制饱和水溶液,分别以乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷为有机溶剂萃取对羟基苯乙酮,并锻炼学生萃取过程中如何破乳以及对比两种不同溶剂的萃取效果。

Alkyl chain modulation of asymmetric hexacyclic fused acceptor synergistically with wide bandgap third component for high efficiency ternary organic solar cells

Herein,two asymmetric hexacyclic fused small molecule acceptors(SMAs),namely BP4F-HU and BP4F-UU,were synthesized.The elongated outside chains in the BP4F-UU molecule played a crucial role in optimizing the morphology of blend film,thereby improving charge mobility and reducing energy loss within the corresponding film.Notably,the PM6:BP4F-UU device exhibited a higher open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))of 0.878 V compared to the PM6:BP4F-HU device with a V_(oc)of 0.863 V.Further,a new wide bandgap SMA named BTP-TA was designed and synthesized as the third component to the PM6:BP4F-UU host binary devices,which showed an ideal complementary absorption spectrum in PM6:BP4F-UU system.In addition,BTP-TA can achieve efficient intermolecular energy transfer to BP4F-UU by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)pathway,due to the good overlap between the photoluminescence(PL)spectrum of BTP-TA and the absorption region of BP4F-UU.Consequently,ternary devices with 15wt%BTP-TA exhibits broader photon utilization,optimal blend morphology,and reduced charge recombination compared to the corresponding binary devices.Consequently,PM6:BP4F-UU:BTP-TA ternary device achieved an optimal power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.83%with simultaneously increased V_(oc)of 0.905 V,short-circuit current density(J_(sc))of 26.14 mA/cm^(2),and fill factor(FF)of 75.38%.

Microvesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells inhibit acute respiratory distress syndrome-related pulmonary fibrosis in mouse partly through hepatocyte growth factor

BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients.Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived microvesicles(MSC-MVs)have been shown to exert antifibrotic effects in lung diseases.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanisms of MSC-MVs on pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mouse models.METHODS MSC-MVs with low hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)expression(siHGF-MSC-MVs)were obtained via lentivirus transfection and used to establish the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Following intubation,respiratory mechanics-related indicators were measured via an experimental small animal lung function tester.Homing of MSC-MVs in lung tissues was investigated by near-infrared live imaging.Immunohistochemical,western blotting,ELISA and other methods were used to detect expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related proteins and to compare effects on pulmonary fibrosis and fibrosis-related indicators.RESULTS The MSC-MVs gradually migrated and homed to damaged lung tissues in the ARDS model mice.Treatment with MSC-MVs significantly reduced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis scores.However,low expression of HGF(siHGF-MSC-MVs)significantly inhibited the effects of MSC-MVs(P<0.05).Compared with the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis group,the MSC-MVs group exhibited suppressed expression of type I collagen antigen,type III collagen antigen,and the proteins transforming growth factor-βandα-smooth muscle actin,whereas the siHGF-MVs group exhibited significantly increased expression of these proteins.In addition,pulmonary compliance and the pressure of oxygen/oxygen inhalation ratio were significantly lower in the MSC-MVs group,and the effects of the MSC-MVs were significantly inhibited by low HGF expression(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION MSC-MVs improved lung ventilation functions and inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mice partly via HGF mRNA transfer.

Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 19 Species in Rosaceae Family

Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study utilized the Illumina platform to sequence 19 plant species from 10 genera in the Rosaceae.The cp genomes,vary-ing in size from 153,366 to 159,895 bp,followed the typical quadripartite organization consisting of a large single-copy(LSC)region(84,545 to 87,883 bp),a small single-copy(SSC)region(18,174 to 19,259 bp),and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions(25,310 to 26,396 bp).These genomes contained 132–138 annotated genes,including 87 to 93 protein-coding genes(PCGs),37 tRNA genes,and 8 rRNA genes using MISA software,52 to 121 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci were identified.D.arbuscular contained the least of SSRs and did not have hexanotides,A.lineata contained the richest SSRs.Long terminal repeats(LTRs)were primarily composed of palindromic and forward repeat sequences,meanwhile,The richest LTRs were found in Argentina lineata.Except for Argentina lineata,Fragariastrum eriocarpum,and Prunus trichostoma,which varied in gene type and position on both sides of the boundary,the remaining species were found to be mostly conserved according to IR boundary analysis.The examination of the Ka/Ks ratio revealed that only the infA gene had a value greater than 1,indicating that this gene was primarily subjected to positive selection during evolution.Additionally,9 hotspots of variation were identified in the LSC and SSC regions.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the scientific validity of the genus Prunus L.sensu lato(s.l.)within the Rosaceae family.The separation of the three genera Argentina Hill,Fragariastrum Heist.ex Fabr.and Dasiphora Raf.from Potentilla L.may be a more scientific classification.These results offer fresh perspectives on the taxonomy of the Rosaceae.

Investigation and analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province

Wuyi Mountain,located in the north of Fujian Province,China,is renowned for its abundant medicinal plant resources.In July 2014,the 8th(second team)of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University’s Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigation in the area.Through specimen collection and extensive literature review,the team identified and analyzed 223 vascular plant species from 175 genera and 85 families.The most dominant families were Compositae and Rosaceae,and perennial herbs were the predominant species,accounting for 44.39%of the total species identified.Notably,we documented five precious and rare medicinal plants unique to Wuyi Mountain.This study updates the database of plant resources and diversity in the region,providing a valuable reference for future studies.Finally,we put forward some suggestions to enhance the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wuyi Mountain’s plant resources.

罗哌卡因加右美托咪定腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹腔镜术后镇痛的效果研究

目的观察罗哌卡因复合右美托咪定腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)用于腹腔镜疝修补手术患者术后镇痛的效果。方法择期行腹腔镜疝修补手术患者60例,常规气管插管全麻下行手术,手术结束行超声引导下双侧TAP,随机分为两组:罗哌卡因+右美托咪定组(Rpd组):腹横肌平面内注射右美托咪定1.0μg/kg+0.4%罗哌卡因30 ml;罗哌卡因组(R组):腹横肌平面内注射生理盐水1 ml+0.4%罗哌卡因30 ml。观察两组患者手术切皮、术中1 h、出手术室时的血压、心率(HR);术后即刻、4、6、8、12和24 h视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS);记录两组患者腹部感觉阻滞时间,及术后恶心、呕吐不良反应发生率。结果两组患者术中及术后各时间点的血流动力学指标无差异(P>0.05),Rpd组术后6、8和12 h Rpd组的VAS评分低于R组(P<0.05),术后即刻、4和24 h VAS评分无差异(P>0.05),腹部感觉阻滞时间Rpd组明显长于R组(P<0.05),术后恶心呕吐发生率两组患者无差异(P>0.05)。结论罗哌卡因复合右美托咪定TAP用于腹腔镜疝修补手术患者,可以显著延长术后镇痛时间。

有机化学实验操作失误引导创新——以正溴丁烷制备为例

用正丁醇、溴化钠和硫酸反应制备正溴丁烷是基础有机化学实验教学经常选用的实验,本文设计了以正丁醇、溴化钠和硫酸为原料,使用尾气吸收回流加热装置,先将其中任意两个加热至回流,再瞬间加入第三个原料,详细考察了不同原料加入顺序、不同回流反应时间对正溴丁烷的产率的影响。实验结果可为国内院校开设有机化学实验课程提供实践参考,并启发学生从实验失误中也可以引导实验创新。

塞来昔布对糖尿病大鼠视网膜缝隙连接蛋白Cx43的作用

目的:观察COX-2(cyclooxygenase,COX-2)抑制剂(塞来昔布)对糖尿病大鼠视网膜缝隙连接蛋白Cx43(connexin43,Cx43)表达的影响。方法:选取SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠45只,随机分为3组:对照组、糖尿病组、用药组,每组各15只,采用STZ腹腔注射造模的方式进行造模,快速血糖仪监测各组大鼠空腹血糖,正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、用药组分别用生理盐水、生理盐水、塞来昔布溶液进行灌胃,3mo后采用过量麻醉法处死大鼠,制备视网膜标本,采用免疫组化法观察Cx43蛋白,实时定量PCR技术检测大鼠视网膜Cx43mRNA的相对表达量,采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析,对各组检测结果进行比较。结果:免疫组织化学染色缝隙连接蛋白Cx43在视网膜大鼠的神经节细胞层、神经纤维层、内丛状层、色素上皮层、内皮细胞层可见表达不同程度点状、片状表达,计算机图像灰度分析发现塞来昔布对糖尿病大鼠视网膜Cx43表达有促进作用,正常对照组、糖尿病组、用药组灰度值分别是0.233±0.025、0.124±0.014、0.197±0.021,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实时定量PCR检测发现塞来昔布促进糖尿病大鼠Cx43 mRNA表达量增加,正常对照组、糖尿病组、用药组相对表达量分别是0.635±0.084、0.110±0.061、0.367±0.074,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:缝隙连接蛋白Cx43在糖尿病大鼠视网膜中表达减少,塞来昔布可以减缓糖尿病大鼠视网膜缝隙连接蛋白Cx43表达的减少。

苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸乙酯、乙酰苯胺三组分分离实验教学设计

为锻炼学生综合运用萃取、蒸馏、重结晶等纯化实验操作,提高学生从混合物中分离并提纯目标化合物的实验技能,中南大学化学化工学院有机化学教学组在有机化学实验教学中安排了“三组分混合物的分离”实验,面向临床医学(五年制、八年制)、药学、生物科学等专业,以及化学化工学院所有专业。鉴于对甲苯胺有毒性,给做实验的学生、实验室教师和指导教师身体带来较大危害,产生的废水对环境也有相当的危害。同时,由于其熔点低,实验室教师每次都要准备冰块,不利于节能省电。尝试使用绿色无毒、熔点较高的对氨基苯甲酸乙酯替代对甲苯胺,可以很好地避免上述两个问题,我们在实验室反复多次做了先加酸或先加碱的两种分离方案后,在有机化学实验B的教学中进行了初步推广,取得了良好的教学效果。

A new non-fullerene acceptor based on the heptacyclic benzotriazole unit for efficient organic solar cells

Non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)become an interesting family of organic photovoltaic materials,and have attracted considerable interest for their great potential in manufacturing large-area flexible solar panels by low cost coating methods[1–5].Recently,our group proposed in the first time an A-DA’D-A molecular strategy and synthesized a new class of non-fullerene acceptor Y6 with a record efficiency above 15%with single junction organic solar cells(OSCs)[6].To further improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs,many effective strategies have been successfully explored,such as side-chain engineering and extension of fused core and terminal group engineering[7–12].As well-known,PCE of devices is determined by the open circuit voltage(Voc),short-circuit current density(Jsc)and fill factor(FF)[13].Among them,Voc is associated with low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of donor and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)of acceptor of the active layer[14–16].Side-chain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating energy levels and improving photovoltaic performance of devices[17–19].For example,introducing the alkyl/alkoxy chains can effectively tune the HOMO/LUMO energy levels[20–22].Tang et al.have reported a novel non-fullerene acceptor ITC6-IC.ITC6-IC has relatively high LUMO level and high Voc than those of ITIC due to the introduction of weak electrondonating hexyl group on thiophene[23].

Effect of glycosides of Cistanche on the expression of mitochondrial precursor protein and keratin type Ⅱ cytoskeletal 6A in a rat model of vascular dementia

Glycosides of Cistanche（GC）is a preparation used extensively for its neuroprotective effect against neurological diseases,but its mechanisms of action remains incompletely understood.Here,we established a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model of vascular dementia in rats and injected the model rats with a suspension of GC（10 mg/kg/day,intraperitoneally）for 14 consecutive days.Immunohistochemistry showed that GC significantly reduced p-tau and amyloid beta（Aβ）immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the model rats.Proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial precursor protein and downregulation of keratin type II cytoskeletal6A after GC treatment compared with model rats that had received saline.Western blot assay confirmed these findings.Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of GC in vascular dementia occurs via the promotion of neuronal cytoskeleton regeneration.

Enrichment of beneficial cucumber rhizosphere microbes mediated by organic acid secretion

Resistant cultivars have played important roles in controlling Fusarium wilt disease,but the roles of rhizosphere interactions among different levels of resistant cultivars are still unknown.Here,two phenotypes of cucumber,one resistant and one with increased susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum(Foc),were grown in the soil and hydroponically,and then 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics techniques were used to investigate rhizosphere microflora and root exudate profiles.Relatively high microbial community evenness for the Foc-susceptible cultivar was detected,and the relative abundances of Comamonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were higher for the Foc-susceptible cultivar than for the other cultivar.FishTaco analysis revealed that specific functional traits,such as protein synthesis and secretion,bacterial chemotaxis,and small organic acid metabolism pathways,were significantly upregulated in the rhizobacterial community of the Foc-susceptible cultivar.A machinelearning approach in conjunction with FishTaco plus metabolic pathway analysis revealed that four organic acids(citric acid,pyruvate acid,succinic acid,and fumarate)were released at higher abundance by the Foc-susceptible cultivar compared with the resistant cultivar,which may be responsible for the recruitment of Comamonadaceae,a potential beneficial microbial group.Further validation demonstrated that Comamonadaceae can be“cultured”by these organic acids.Together,compared with the resistant cultivar,the susceptible cucumber tends to assemble beneficial microbes by secreting more organic acids.

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of typical components of waste plastics in a falling film pyrolysis reactor

Waste plastics mainly come from MSW and usually exist in the form of mixed plastics. During the co-pyrolysis process of mixed plastics, various plastic components have different physicochemical properties and reaction mechanisms. Considering the high viscosity and low thermal conductivity of molten plastics, a falling film pyrolysis reactor was selected to explore the rapid co-pyrolysis process of typical plastic components(PP, PE and PS).The oil and gas yields and the compositions of pyrolysis products of the three components under different ratios at pyrolysis temperatures were analyzed to explore the co-pyrolysis characteristics of PP, PE, and PS. The study is of great significance to the recycling of waste plastics.

Anion Defects Engineering of Ternary Nb-Based Chalcogenide Anodes Toward High-Performance Sodium-Based Dual-Ion Batteries

Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs) have gained tremendous attention due to their virtues of high operating voltage and low cost, yet it remains a tough challenge for the development of ideal anode material of SDIBs featuring with high kinetics and long durability. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of N-doped carbon film-modified niobium sulfur–selenium(NbSSe/NC) nanosheets architecture, which holds favorable merits for Na^(+) storage of enlarged interlayer space, improved electrical conductivity, as well as enhanced reaction reversibility, endowing it with high capacity, high-rate capability and high cycling stability. The combined electrochemical studies with density functional theory calculation reveal that the enriched defects in such nanosheets architecture can benefit for facilitating charge transfer and Na+ adsorption to speed the electrochemical kinetics. The NbSSe/NC composites are studied as the anode of a full SDIBs by pairing the expanded graphite as cathode, which shows an impressively cyclic durability with negligible capacity attenuation over 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1), as well as an outstanding energy density of 230.6 Wh kg^(-1) based on the total mass of anode and cathode.

Enhancing performance of GaN-based LDs by using GaN/InGaN asymmetric lower waveguide layers

The effects of Ga N/In Ga N asymmetric lower waveguide(LWG)layers on photoelectrical properties of In Ga N multiple quantum well laser diodes(LDs)with an emission wavelength of around 416 nm are theoretically investigated by tuning the thickness and the indium content of In Ga N insertion layer(In Ga N-IL)between the Ga N lower waveguide layer and the quantum wells,which is achieved with the Crosslight Device Simulation Software(PIC3D,Crosslight Software Inc.).The optimal thickness and the indium content of the In Ga N-IL in lower waveguide layers are found to be 300 nm and 4%,respectively.The thickness of In Ga N-IL predominantly affects the output power and the optical field distribution in comparison with the indium content,and the highest output power is achieved to be 1.25 times that of the reference structure(symmetric Ga N waveguide),which is attributed to the reduced optical absorption loss as well as the concentrated optical field nearby quantum wells.Furthermore,when the thickness and indium content of In Ga N-IL both reach a higher level,the performance of asymmetric quantum wells LDs will be weakened rapidly due to the obvious decrease of optical confinement factor(OCF)related to the concentrated optical field in the lower waveguide.

Use of adenovirus vector expressing the mouse full estrogen receptor alpha gene to infect mouse primary neurons

Estrogen plays important regulatory and protective roles in the central nervous system through estrogen receptor a mediation. Previous studies applied eukaryotic expression and lentiviral vectors carrying estrogen receptor a to cladfy the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, an adenovirus vector expressing the mouse full estrogen receptor a gene was constructed to identify biological characteristics of estrogen receptor a recombinant adenovirus infecting nerve cells. Primary cultured mouse nerve cells were first infected with estrogen receptor a recombinant adenovirus at various multiplicities of infection, followed by 100 multiplicity of infection. Results showed overexpression of estrogen receptor α mRNA and protein in the infected nerve cells. Estrogen receptor a recombinant adenovirus at 100 multiplicity of infection successfully infected neurons and upregulated estrogen receptor a mRNA and protein expression.

Wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with pain nursing for the treatment of urinary calculi with acute pain

BACKGROUND Urological calculi often cause renal colic,which is characterized by paroxysmal or persistent severe pain in the upper abdomen or lumbar region.Development of methods to quickly relieve these pain symptoms has garnered clinical attention.Wrist-ankle acupuncture is a type of floating acupuncture therapy administered at selected points in the carpal and ankle areas,and it has good pain-relieving effects.We used wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with pain nursing for pain intervention in patients with renal calculi to confirm its application and safety.AIM To study the effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with pain nursing in the treatment of urinary calculi with acute pain.METHODS Eighty-two patients with urinary calculi with acute pain as the first symptom followed at our hospital from November 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled in the study and classified into two groups according to the odd and even numbers of the visit sequences,each with 41 cases.The control group received a routine nursing intervention and intramuscular injection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,whereas the observation group received pain management nursing and wrist-ankle acupuncture.Subsequently,the pain-relieving effect was compared between the two groups.RESULTS The score on the visual analog scale(VAS)at 24,48,and 72 h postintervention was decreased in both groups compared with the baseline data;moreover,the observation group scored significantly lower than the control group on the VAS at each time point after the intervention(P<0.05).The clinical efficacy at 24 h postintervention was not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).In turn,the pain recurrence rate at 72 h postintervention was lower in the observation group compared with the control group(P<0.05).Finally,the nursing satisfaction rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that observed in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred during the treatment and the safety of treatment was high in both groups.CONCLUSION Wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with pain nursing for treating urolithiasis with acute pain effectively alleviated the degree of pain and reduced the recurrence rate,which was worthy of clinical application.

逆行髁上髓内钉治疗复杂股骨远端骨折的疗效观察

目的观察逆行髁上钉(GSH)和锁定钢板固定治疗复杂股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法取2015年5月~2019年5月在西南医科大学附属中医医院接受治疗的复杂股骨远端骨折患者105例,按照治疗方法的不同分为A组(n=54,锁定钢板固定治疗)和B组(n=51,GSH治疗),探讨两种方式的临床疗效。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量比较无明显差异(P>0.05),但B组骨折愈合时间短于A组(P<0.05),两组术后第1 d的血清内皮素(ET)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)等创伤应激指标无明显差异(P>0.05),但术后1W上述指标均降低,且B组下降幅度大于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组膝关节优良率为90.74%,B组为88.24%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术后并发症发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论提示GSH和锁定钢板均是复杂股骨远端骨折内固定治疗的有效方法,安全性均较高,但GSH骨折愈合时间更短,术后恢复快,且膝关节功能恢复效果较好。

Heat transfer characteristics of molten plastics in a vertical falling film reactor

The heat transfer efficiency during the pyrolysis process is a key factor to be considered in the design of pyrolysis reactors. In this study, the average apparent heat transfer characteristics of molten plastic pyrolysis in a vertical falling film reactor were explored by experiments and numerical simulation and the apparent heat transfer coefficients were determined. In addition, the temperature distribution and the thickness of the liquid film in the reactor were predicted and the influences of pyrolysis temperatures on the average apparent heat transfer coefficients were discussed.

Optimizing side chains on different nitrogen aromatic rings achieving 17% efficiency for organic photovoltaics

Balancing charge generation and low energy loss(E_(loss)), especially in the wide spectral absorption region is critical to obtain high-performance organic photovoltaics(OPVs). Therefore, Y11-M and Y11-EB are designed and synthesized through modifying alkyl chains on different nitrogen aromatic rings of the reported non-fullerene acceptor Y11. Although all the molecules have almost similar low band-gap(around 1.30 e V), Y11-M and Y11-EB exhibit wider absorption in 410–870 nm region. Eventually, the conventional devices based on Y11-M and Y11-EB possess more efficient charge generation with low Eloss(around 0.44 e V). In addition, outstanding efficiencies of 16.64% and 17.15% with the fill factor of 76.15% and 74.73% are obtained in PM6:Y11-M and PM6:Y11-EB-based devices, both higher than Y11:PM6. The results highlight the importance of rational alkyl chains optimization, and a good structureproperty relationship is established as well.