Deep learning-assisted common temperature measurement based on visible light imaging

Real-time,contact-free temperature monitoring of low to medium range(30℃-150℃)has been extensively used in industry and agriculture,which is usually realized by costly infrared temperature detection methods.This paper proposes an alternative approach of extracting temperature information in real time from the visible light images of the monitoring target using a convolutional neural network(CNN).A mean-square error of<1.119℃was reached in the temperature measurements of low to medium range using the CNN and the visible light images.Imaging angle and imaging distance do not affect the temperature detection using visible optical images by the CNN.Moreover,the CNN has a certain illuminance generalization ability capable of detection temperature information from the images which were collected under different illuminance and were not used for training.Compared to the conventional machine learning algorithms mentioned in the recent literatures,this real-time,contact-free temperature measurement approach that does not require any further image processing operations facilitates temperature monitoring applications in the industrial and civil fields.

Robust measurement of orbital angular momentum of a partially coherent vortex beam under amplitude and phase perturbations

The ability to overcome the negative effects,induced by obstacles and turbulent atmosphere,is a core challenge of long-distance information transmission,and it is of great significance in free-space optical communication.The spatial-coherence structure,that characterizes partially coherent fields,provides a new degree of freedom for carrying information.However,due to the influence of the complex transmission environment,the spatial-coherence structure is severely damaged during the propagation path,which undoubtedly limits its ability to transmit information.Here,we realize the robust far-field orbital angular momentum(OAM)transmission and detection by modulating the spatial-coherence structure of a partially coherent vortex beam with the help of the cross-phase.The cross-phase enables the OAM information,quantified by the topological charge,hidden in the spatial-coherence structure can be stably transmitted to the far field and can resist the influence of obstructions and turbulence within the communication link.This is due to the self-reconstruction property of the spatial-coherence structure embedded with the cross-phase.We demonstrate experimentally that the topological charge information can be recognized well by measuring the spatial-coherence structure in the far field,exhibiting a set of distinct and separated dark rings even under amplitude and phase perturbations.Our findings open a door for robust optical signal transmission through the complex environment and may find application in optical communication through a turbulent atmosphere.

Measurement of optical coherence structures of random optical fields using generalized Arago spot experiment

The optical coherence structures of random optical fields can determine beam propagation behavior,light–matter interactions,etc.Their performance makes a light beam robust against turbulence,scattering,and distortion.Recently,we proposed optical coherence encryption and robust far-field optical imaging techniques.All related applications place a high demand on precision in the experimental measurements of complex optical coherence structures,including their real and imaginary parts.Past studies on these measurements have mainly adopted theoretical mathematical approximations,limited to Gaussian statistic involving speckle statistic(time-consuming),or used complicated and delicate optical systems in the laboratory.In this study,we provide:a robust,convenient,and fast protocol to measure the optical coherence structures of random optical fields via generalized Arago(or Poisson)spot experiments with rigorous mathematical solutions.Our proposal only requires to capture the intensity thrice,and is applicable to any optical coherence structures,regardless of their type or optical statistics.The theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the real and imaginary parts of the structures could be simultaneously recovered with high precision.We believe that such a protocol can be widely employed in phase measurement,optical imaging,and image transfer.

Characterization of the sphingolipid profiling of Emiliania huxleyi against virus infection

Lipidomics approach by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was used for the identification,quantification,comparison,and characterization of sphingolipids in virus infected marine Emiliania huxleyi BOF92 cells.The results show that 16 significantly changed sphingolipids(including Cer,CerG1,and SPHm)were identified during viral infection.Our data confirmed previously recognized facts that viral infection led to a shift toward virus-specific sphingolipids,which is consistent with the down-regulation of genes involved in the host de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis.Moreover,we revealed the upregulation of virusencoded homologous genes participating in de novo sphingolipids biosynthesis and virus-specific hydroxylated long chain bases(LCBs)as phytoCer,suggesting the competitive inhibition of host sphingolipid synthesis to produce the required building blocks for viral production,replication,and assembly.Additionally,Cer 40꞉1;2,Cer 40꞉2;2 isomer,and CerG139꞉0;2,Cer 39꞉0;2 as novel metabolite markers might indicate the general dysfunctions in E.huxleyi in response to viral infection.Our results show that viral infection led to a profound remodeling of host sphingolipidome,by which viruses depend on the hijacking of host sphingolipid metabolism to support the viral life cycle.

Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal relationship between plasma homocysteine and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have shown an association between homocysteine(Hcy)levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),but causal relationships are not clear.Our study aimed to explore the causal relationship between plasma Hcy and COPD by two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:A two-sample MR study was performed to infer the causal link.Genetically predicted plasma Hcy was selected as an instrumental variable(Ⅳ)from published genome-wide association study(GWAS)meta-analyses.COPD with different etiologies was extracted as outcome variables from other GWAS meta-analyses.The main MR analysis was performed using the inversevariance weighted(IVW)method.Additional analyses were further performed using Cochran’s Q-test and MR-Egger regression to evaluate the heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy of our findings.RESULTS:MR analysis showed no significant association between plasma Hcy and COPD.The results of the groups were consistent with the sensitivity analysis and repeated analysis,without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.The IVW results showed COPD hospital admissions(odds ratio[OR]1.06,95%confidence interval[CI]0.91-1.24,P=0.42),asthma/COPD(OR 0.97,95%CI0.89-1.06,P=0.55),COPD-related chronic infection(OR 1.50,95%CI 0.57-3.99,P=0.41),COPDI asthma/interstitial lung disease(ILD)-related pneumonia or pneumonia-derived septicemia(OR 0.93,95%CI 0.86-1.02,P=0.13),and COPD-related respiratory insufficiency(OR 1.00,95%CI 0.7-1.44,P=0.99).CONCLUSION:There is no direct causal relationship between plasma Hcy and COPD in our study.As Hcy is known to have deleterious effects on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis,further studies are needed to investigate whether additional factors mediate the association between Hcy and COPD.

间歇性外斜视术后中远期眼位的相关因素分析

目的:探讨间歇性外斜视患者术后中远期眼位的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析我院眼科2017-01/2018-08收治的间歇性外斜视患者78例的临床资料,收集患者的斜视类型、手术年龄、术前有无近立体视和斜视度及术后第1d斜视度等资料,探讨术后中远期眼位的影响因素。结果:本研究纳入患者术后中远期眼位正位者47例(60%),其中术前集合不足型患者43例,术后中远期眼位正位者18例(42%);基本型患者31例,术后中远期眼位正位者26例(84%);分开过强型患者4例,术后中远期眼位正位者3例(75%)。单因素分析结果显示,术后中远期眼位正位者与无效者斜视类型、术前视近斜视度具有差异(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,斜视类型(基本型)是影响间歇性外斜视患者术后中远期眼位的危险因素(OR=5.769,95%CI:1.790~18.595,P<0.05)。结论:斜视类型是间歇性外斜视患者术后中远期眼位的独立影响因素,临床应引起足够重视。

Clinicopathological significance of overexpression of interleukin-6 in colorectal cancer

AIM To compare the expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 in colorectal cancer(CRC) tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues, and analyse the correlation of IL-6 expression with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC. METHODS Fifty CRC tissue specimens and 50 matched adjacent mucosa specimens were collected. The expression of IL-6 in these clinical samples was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between IL-6 expression and clinicopathological parameters was assessed by statistical analysis.RESULTS IL-6 expression was significantly elevated in CRC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues(P < 0.001). IL-6 expression was positively correlated with tumour TNM stage(P < 0.001), but a negative correlation was detected between IL-6 expression and tumor histological differentiation in CRC(P < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-6 expression was associated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in CRC. CONCLUSION IL-6 might be a useful marker for predicting a poor prognosis in patients with CRC and might be used as a potential therapeutic target in CRC.

Comparative Analysis of Leaf Trichomes, Epidermal Wax And Defense Enzymes Activities in Response to Puccinia horiana in Chrysanthemum and Ajania Species

White rust caused by Puccinia horiana is a destructive disease of chrysanthemum plants.To better understand the resistance mechanisms of composite species to this disease,the leaf cuticular traits,antioxidant and defensive enzymes activities of immune(Chrysanthemum makinoi var.wakasaense)and highly susceptible(Ajania shiwogiku var.kinokuniense)species were compared.Trichome density of two species was markedly different,negatively associated with plant resistance to P.horiana.Total wax load in C.makinoi var.wakasaense was two times more than that in A.shiwogiku var.kinokuniense.The wax composition in immune one was abundant in esters and primary alcohols.Superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),polyphenoloxidase(PPO,EC 1.14.18.1 or EC 1.10.3.2)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.5)activitieswere investigated.In C.makinoi var.wakasaense,the activity of SOD and POD increased rapidly after inoculation,whichmight be non-host induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)activated antioxidant enzymes,however SOD and POD remained a low and steady level in the highly susceptible one after inoculation.Quick increase in PPO activities after inoculation was observed in both species,however it remained higher in C.makinoi var.wakasaense at the late period of inoculation.PAL in C.makinoi var.wakasaense was induced after pathogen inoculation,but not in A.shiwogiku var.kinokuniense,suggesting that these two enzymes might contribute to the resistance to P.horiana.

Variation in hydraulic conductivity of fractured rocks at a dam foundation during operation

Characterizing the permeability variation in fractured rocks is important in various subsurface applications,but how the permeability evolves in the foundation rocks of high dams during operation remains poorly understood.This permeability change is commonly evidenced by a continuous decrease in the amount of discharge(especially for dams on sediment-laden rivers),and can be attributed to fracture clogging and/or hydromechanical coupling.In this study,the permeability evolution of fractured rocks at a high arch dam foundation during operationwas evaluated by inverse modeling based on the field timeseries data of both pore pressure and discharge.A procedure combining orthogonal design,transient flow modeling,artificial neural network,and genetic algorithm was adopted to efficiently estimate the hydraulic conductivity values in each annual cycle after initial reservoir filling.The inverse results show that the permeability of the dam foundation rocks follows an exponential decay annually during operation(i.e.K/K0=0.97e^(-0.59t)+0.03),with good agreement between field observations and numerical simulations.The significance of the obtained permeability decay function was manifested by an assessment of the long-term seepage control performance and groundwater flow behaviors at the dam site.The proposed formula is also of merit for characterizing the permeability change in riverbed rocks induced by sediment transport and deposition.

The macular microstructure repair and predictive factors of surgical outcomes after vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole

To evaluate the macular microstructure repair and explore the factors related to those changes and visual improvement after vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole(IMH). Totally 19 eyes of 18 IMH patients who underwent macular hole(MH) surgery were evaluated with bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) images. All 19 eyes closed at 6 mo postoperatively. BCVA was observed gradually improved(P<0.001), with subretinal fluid(SRF) gradually absorbed(P=0.021) and the rate of external limiting membrane(ELM) defects gradually decreased(P=0.011) with follow-up time. Poorer postoperative logMAR BCVA correlated with larger MH minimum diameter(P<0.001), larger MH basal diameter(P=0.008), longer symptom duration(P=0.002) and poorer preoperative logMAR BCVA(P=0.010). More improvement in BCVA correlated only with poorer preoperative in logMAR BCVA(P=0.002). The earlier reconstruction of ELM was associated with smaller MH basal diameter(P=0.022) and shorter symptom duration(P=0.008). In conclusion, smaller basal diameter of MH and shorter symptom duration were key factors in earlier reconstruction of ELM.

Effects of Space Radiation Mutation on Germination and Growth of Sugarcane Hybrid Seeds

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the mutagenic effects of space radiation mutagenesis on sugarcane hybrid seeds. [Methods] Sugarcane hybrid spikes were subjected to space radiation mutagenesis treatment to identify the effects on the germination, seedling growth and plant growth and development of sugarcane hybrid seeds. [Results] The space radiation treatment had a great impact on the germination and growth of sugarcane hybrid seeds, especially on the germination of sugarcane seeds. The germination number per gram of seeds increased significantly, and the survival rate of seedlings increased significantly. The effect on the growth status was relatively small. The average number of tillers decreased slightly, the percentage of available stems increased, and the plants became higher, which resulted in a greater effect on sugarcane yield. Sugarcane sucrose was increased. The seed germination and late growth status indicated that space radiation promoted the germination and growth of sugarcane hybrid seeds. [Conclusions] This study provides a basis for the space radiation mutagenesis breeding of sugarcane hybrid seeds and the promotion of sugarcane breeding process.

Identification and Characterization of a δ-Cadinol Synthase Potentially Involved in the Formation of Boreovibrins in Boreostereum vibrans of Basidiomycota

Sesquiterpenoids are very common among natural products.A large number of sesquiterpene synthase genes have been cloned and functionally characterized.However,until now there is no report about the d-cadinol synthase predominantly forming d-cadinol(syn.torreyol)from farnesyl diphosphate.Sesquiterpenoids boreovibrins structurally similar to δ-cadinol were previously isolated from culture broths of the basidiomycete fungus Boreostereum vibrans.This led us to expect a corresponding gene coding for a δ-cadinol synthase that may be involved in the biosynthesis of boreovibrins in B.vibrans.Here we report the cloning and heterologous expression of a new sesquiterpene synthase gene from B.vibrans.The crude and purified recombinant enzymes,when incubating with farnesyl diphosphate as substrate,gave δ-cadinol as its principal product and thereby identified as a δ-cadinol synthase.Graphical Abstract A new sesquiterpene synthase gene was cloned from the basidiomycete fungus Boreostereum vibrans and heterologously expressed in E.coli.The purified recombinant enzyme gave δ-cadinol as its principal product from farnesyl diphosphate and thereby identified as a δ-cadinol synthase(BvCS).

Knobloch syndrome caused by homozygous frameshift mutation of the COL18A1 gene in a Chinese pedigree

AIM： To explore the clinical feature and genetic etiology of a Chinese Knobloch syndrome family. METHODS： Ocular examinations and magnetic resonance imagings （MRIs） were performed on the family. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on the two patients. Sanger sequencing was utilized to validate the presence of variation in the family as well as in 100 normal controls. Real-time uantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect the expression level of COL18A1 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients and normal carriers. RESULTS： The affected subjects presented with vision loss, exotropia, cataracts, retinal detachment, and other complications. A homozygous c.4759_4760delCT （p.Leu1587ValfsX72） mutation （rs398122391） in COL18A1 was identified in the two patients, cosegregating with the phenotypes, and did not be detected in 100 normal controls. This mutation caused significant decreased expression of COL18A1 mRNA in the patients. CONCLUSION： The findings strongly indicate that this mutation is the disease-causing mutation. Moreover, this is the first Knobloch syndrome pedigree reported in the Chinese population.

Transformation of coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi harboring a marine virus(Coccolithoviruses)serine palmitoyltransferase(SPT)gene by electroporation

Emiliania huxleyi is the most prominent modern coccolithophore,a group of marine unicellular eukaryotes that play a critical role in ocean biogeochemistry.Coccolithoviruses are large double stranded DNA viruses,which is responsible for the demise of large oceanic blooms formed by E.huxleyi.E.huxleyi virus(EhVs)acquired a series of enzyme-coding genes predicted to be involved in the sphingolipid biosynthesis by horizontal gene transfer between virus-host.Currently,there is limited experimental validation identifying the functions of these genes in EhV.Genetic transformation of eukaryotic cells is a powerful tool to get an insight into gene functions of the studied organisms.Serine palmitoyltransferase(SPT)catalyzes the first committed step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway.Here,a novel vector system for the transformation of E.huxleyi was designed.It contained fragments of promoter and terminator sequences of E.huxleyi endogenic fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein gene“fcp”and harbored EhV-99B1 spt gene.The resultant recombinant transformation vectors pEhux-I-spt and pEhux-II were co-transferred into E.huxleyi BOF92 by electroporation.Transformants were obtained upon glufosinate-ammonium selection,and confirmed by Southern hybridization,genome PCR,qRT-PCR and Western blot screening of spt gene,which indicated that spt gene was integrated into the nuclear genome and was expressed at the mRNA and protein levels.The expression of the viral spt gene led to differences in lipid compositions analyzed using thin-layer chromatography(TLC).The results present the genetic transformation system for E.huxleyi,providing additional genetic resource with potential for exploring basic biological questions such as the virus-host interactions.

Clinical study on Hypotony following blunt ocular trauma

AIM: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of hypotony in patients with blunt ocular trauma. METHODS: The medical records of 145 patients with blunt ocular trauma were reviewed. Hypotony was defined as an average intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5mmHg or less for three times. RESULTS: Among these 145 patients, hypotony was noted in 10 (6.9%) patients. The rate of hypotony in patients with ciliochoroidal detachment was 66.7% (2 out of 3 eyes), and 5.6% (8 out of 142 eyes) in patients without ciliochoroidal detachment,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). The rate of hypotony in patients with traumatic retinal detachment was 18.5% (5 out of 27 eyes), and 4.2% (5 out of 118 eyes) in patients without traumatic retinal detachment, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.026). The rate of hypotony in the patients with anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy was 42.9% (3 out of 7 eyes) and 5.1% (7 out of 138 eyes) in the patients without anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Ocular hypotension is a complication of blunt ocular trauma. The risk factors include ciliochoroidal detachment, traumatic retinal detachment, and anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Numerical Simulation of 4H-SiC Metal Semiconductor Field Transistors

This work simulates the performance of 4H-SiC MESFETs and establishes the optimum device structure for dc and rf applications that operate at high voltages.Devices with various channel doping,buffer layer doping,recess thickness,gate-to-drain spacing and temperatures of operation are considered.The simulation results reveal that a p-type buffer layer of 5×10^(15) cm^(−3) and a channel layer of 1×10^(17) cm^(−3 )yield favorable results.The cut-off frequency is 22.53 GHz,the maximum transconductance is 50.55 mS/mm,the drain saturation current is 239.76 mA/mm and the breakdown voltage is 70.40 V.The breakdown voltages increase to 90.2 V as the gate-to-drain spacing increases to 1µm.Based on these simulation results,new 4H-SiC MESFET designs can be calibrated.

A Review of the Ecology and Biology of Chinese Pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)

Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla) has important value in Chinese medicine,economy and ecology.At present,Chinese pangolin is about to go extinct due to over hunting and habitat destruction,which has caused a dramatic decline in the wild population.Breeding Chinese pangolin in captivity is very difficult and has not succeeded yet.This paper is to review the wild population,habitat,foraging,activity rhythm,breeding and physiology of Chinese pangolin.It provides theoretical basis of ecology and biology for the protection and artificial domestication of Chinese pangolin.Meanwhile,given the demands of protection,future research directions are suggested.

Expression of Invertase Genes in Virus-free Sugarcane

Virus-free sugarcane seedlings have improved biomass and sucrose content compared with ordinary seedlings, and sucrose invertases are key enzymes regulating sugarcane growth and sucrose accumulation. In this study, the differences in the expression levels of 3 invertase genes, CWI, SAI and NI, between virus- free and ordinary sugarcane seedlings were analyzed. Compared with ordinary sugarcane plants, the expression of CWI was mainly up-regulated in immature leaves and stems at elongation stage and leaves and immature internodes at maturation stage, and especially, greatly up-regulated in immature interuedes at maturation stage of virus-free plants. The expression of SAI and NI were mainly up-regnlated in leaves and immature internedes of virus-free plants at maturation stage, which might be beneficial to sugar accumulation and rapid utilization of monosaccharide in the stalks of virus-free plants. It is further indicated that virus-free treatment could significantly improve the expression of sucrose invertases at late growth period, and might facilitate the increase of plant biomass.

Consensus statement on layout and delivery of automatic external defibrillator in China

1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].

Contrasting responses to drought stress between Chrysanthemum japonense and C. nankingense

The response of Chrysanthemum japonense and C.nankingense to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol was characterized at the level of leaf water status,leaf surface morphology and cuticular wax(quantity and composition),the activity of antioxidant enzymes,the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation,the accumulation of proline,photosynthesis performance and abscisic acid(ABA)accumulation.The more tolerant species C.japonense maintained its water status more effectively than C.nankingense,probably because its leaves form more cuticular wax and are able to accumulate higher levels of ABA.Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in C.japonense than in C.nankingense,as was that of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase during the later part of the stress episode,but levels of peroxidase were not differentiated at the end of the stress period.Membrane damage,as measured by electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation,was less severe in C.japonense,which was also able to generate higher levels of free proline after a 10 h exposure to stress.Thus the superior response of C.japonense also reflects a more adapted system of osmoprotection and antioxidation.As a result,photosynthesis was compromised less by drought stress in C.japonense than in C.nankingense.That provides a scientific basis for the development and application of drought tolerance resources of chrysanthemum.