Role of IL-17 in nucleus pulposus cell proliferation and metabolism cultured in vitro

Objective:To explore the role of cytokine,interleukin-17(IL-17) in human degenerative dise disease.Methods:Through magnetic resonance imaging.human degenerative disc tissues were confirmed from the isolated nucleus pulposus cells.which were then cultured in vitro.The cells were cultured with and without different concentrations of IL-17.2 ng/mL,5 ng/mL.10 ng/mL.15 ng/mL.and 20 ng/mL.IL-17 cuncentrations were uses for stimulalion.After 72 hours,the inhibition rate of proliferation was measured by MTS method.For 48 and 96 hours,the nucleus pulposus cells were cultured with and without the appropriate IL-17 concentrations.The mRNA and protein expression levels of the matrix macromoleeules and degrading tissue genes were measured by Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.Results:It was noted that nucleus pulposus cell proliferation was inhibited alter culturing in vitro with IL-17 stimulation.and it was further observed that the inhibition effect was significantly stronger with 15 ng/ml.IL-17 concentration.With the dosage of 15 ng/mL.IL-17 stimulation induced multiple cellular responses.such as the significant increase in mRNA expression for both aggrecan(ACAN) and type Ⅰ collagen(COLIa1) genes(P<0.05).and the significant decrease in mRNA expression of both degrading tissue genes.MMP3 and TI.MP3(P<0.05).Western blot results also showed that the protein level ol COLIA1 was significantly decreased t=3.199.P=0.006).while the protein level ol one peptidases(ADAMTS5) significantly increased(t=2.667.P=0.021).Conclusions:These findings suggest that IL-17 can inhibit proliferation and affect the metabolism ol the cultured nucleus pulposus cells in vitro,and these findings could possibly contribute to the degenerative changes that occur in DDD through extracellular matrix synthesis inhibition,promoting nucleus pulposus extracellular matrix degradation and disrupting the metabolic balance.

Shock temperature and reflectivity of precompressed H2O up to 350 GPa:Approaching the interior of planets

Using a combination of static precompression and laser-driven shock compression, shock temperature and reflectivity of H2O have been measured up to 350 GPa and 2.1×10~4 K. Here, two calibration standards were applied to enhance temperature measurement reliability. Additionally, in temperature calculations, the discrepancy in reflectivity between active probe beam wavelength and self-emission wavelength has been taken into account to improve the data’s precision.Precompressed water’s temperature–pressure data are in very good agreement with our quantum molecular dynamics model,suggesting a superionic conductor of H2O in the icy planets’ deep interior. A sluggish slope gradually approaching Dulong–Petit limit at high temperature was found at a specific heat capacity. Also, high reflectivity and conductivity were observed at the same state. By analyzing the temperature–pressure diagram, reflectivity, conductivity and specific heat comprehensively at conditions simulating the interior of planets in this work, we found that as the pressure rises, a change in ionization appears; it is supposedly attributed to energetics of bond-breaking in the H2O as it transforms from a bonded molecular fluid to an ionic state. Such molecular dissociation in H2O is associated with the conducting transition because the dissociated hydrogen atoms contribute to electrical properties.