Major royal-jelly proteins intake modulates immune functions and gut microbiota in mice

In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.

The Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process Method in the Evaluation of Educational Quality in Colleges and Universities

Talent quality is the lifeline of colleges and universities.Based on employment guidance,this paper establishes a student quality evaluation and control system including knowledge,moral character,and ability,and uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method to analyze the factors affecting the quality of education in colleges and universities.In addition,some suggestions are provided to improve the quality of students.

In-situ transformation of Co(OH)_(2) into NH_(4)CoPO_(4)·H_(2)O on Co foil: 3D self-supported electrocatalyst with asymmetric local atomic and electronic structure for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Development of high efficient and stable water oxidation catalysts is essential for the realization of industrial water-splitting systems. Herein, a novel approach involving an in-situ transformation of Co(OH)2 nanosheets into NH4 CoPO4·H2 O nanoplates on Co foil is reported. As a 3 D self-supported oxygen revolution reaction(OER) electrocatalyst, the as-prepared NH4 CoPO4·H2 O/Co exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and exceptional stability. Specifically, it can deliver a current density of 10 m A cm^(-2) at a quite low overpotential of 254 m V with a small Tafel slope of 64.4 m V dec-1 in alkaline electrolyte. Through experimental study and theoretical analysis, the excellent OER performance can be attributed to enriched exposed active sites, favorable electron/proton transfer and mass transport, and its unique asymmetric local atomic and electronic structure. Thus, this present research not only provides a practicable in-situ transformation strategy to design 3 D self-supported electrocatalysts, but also enlightens a new way of developing transition-metal phosphates for efficient and stable water oxidation at atomic level.

Edge crack damage analysis of AZ31 magnesium alloy hot-rolled plate improved by vertical roll pre-rolling

In the present study,through vertical roll pre-rolling of AZ31 magnesium alloy hot-rolled plate at room temperature,the effect of different vertical roll pre-rolling reduction on edge crack of the plate during flat rolling was systematically studied.The evolution of microstructure and texture in the edge and middle of the plate after vertical roll pre-rolling,heating and rolling was analyzed by using EBSD technology.The results show that during the vertical roll pre-rolling,{10–12}primary twins and{10–12}-{10–12}secondary twins dominated the edge deformation,while{10–12}primary twins dominated the middle deformation.With the increase of vertical roll pre-rolling reduction,the twin volume fraction of the edge and the middle increased,and the difference between them decreased gradually.After heating,the twin orientation caused by vertical roll pre-rolling was still maintained,and there was a significant difference in grain size between the edge and the middle.When the reduction rate of flat rolling was 30%,cracks have already appeared in the initial plate,while the vertical roll pre-rolled samples showed extremely high rolling performance.When the reduction rate of flat rolling was 50%,the 8PR sample still had no crack initiation.In addition,after flat rolling of 50%,the initial plate showed a strong basal texture,while the maximum pole density of the 8PR plate was small,and the texture distribution was very scattered,showing the characteristics of weak orientation.

Characteristics of Nappes and Segmentation of the Longmen Mountains Thrust Belt, Western Sichuan Basin, China

In order to reveal the nature of the segmentation of Longmen Mountains Thrust Belt caused by the three nappes (Jiaoziding, Jiudingshan, and Baoxing Nappe), several methods are applied in this paper, including field investigation, seismic explanation and balanced crossed section, etc. Results of research reveal that nappes in Longmen Mountains vary in geometry, kinematics, and dynamics. Jiaoziding Nappe has generally behaved in a ductile manner, whereas Jiudingshan Nappe has been rigid, and the rheology of Baoxing Nappe has been intermediate between that of the other two nappes. The development of nappes has resulted in tectonic segmentation of Longmen Mountains: the main structural style of the northern segment is thrust faulting, with Jiaoziding Nappe representing a giant syncline. Given its ductility, it absorbed lots of stress, with the least amount of tectonic shortening in the SE part of the nappe. In the middle segment, the deformation is controlled by the rigid Jiudingshan Nappe, whose frontal area records lots of tectonic shortening. Deformation in the southern segment is intermediate in character between that of the other two segments, characterized by horizontal zonation, as demonstrated by fault development, and vertical stratification, which indicates that fault development was controlled by lithology.

Mineral Chemistry of Biotite and Its Petrogenesis Implications in ca.2.5 Ga Wangjiazhuang Granitic Pluton,North China Craton

The Wangjiazhuang granitic pluton is located in the central Zanhuang Domain,the central part of the North China Craton,which is mainly composed of biotite monzogranite with few mafic microgranular enclaves.Biotite is an important ferromagnesian mineral in most of the intermediatefelsic igneous rocks,and its mineral chemistry can record the properties of magma and the petrogenetic physicochemical conditions.In this study,we carried out a detailed petrographic study by electric probe microanalysis on biotite for the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves,to discuss the source,physicochemical conditions,and the magma mingling/mixing processes of the Wangjiazhuang granite.The results show significantly different chemical compositions from the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves.The crystallization of these biotite grains from the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves all occurred in low oxygen fugacity.The biotite grains in biotite monzogranite are rich in Fe,poor in Mg,which belong to siderophyllite.The ratios of[(Fe^(3+)+Fe^(2+))/(Fe^(3+)+Fe^(2+)+Mg2+)]are between 0.78 and 0.86.The average of FeOT(total FeO)/MgO of biotite grains in biotite monzogranite is 9.02.The MF values[2×Mg/(Fe^(2+)+Mg+Mn)]of biotite monzogranite are between 0.31 and 0.47,suggesting biotite monzogranite derived from crustal source rocks(metasedimentary rocks).The formation of granitic rocks including the Wangjiazhuang granite was related to the subduction event at ca.2.5 Ga which resulted in the melting event,and then induced the early partial melting of TTGs and metasedimentary rocks.The biotite in mafic microgranular enclaves varies from siderophyllite to ferrobiotite,and MF values range from 0.63 to 1.06,suggesting that magma of mafic microgranular enclaves had experienced magma mixing/mingling in various degrees.Biotite monzogranite and parts of mafic microgranular enclaves have a similar crystallized condition,while other mafic microgranular enclaves are different from biotite monzogranite.The differences between biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves may be a consequence of continuous interaction between granitic and mafic magmas.

New sustainable polymers with on-demand depolymerization property

To combat the crisis of today's synthetic polymers arising from unsustainable production and disposal,it is essential for the synthetic polymer community to reshape the current polymer industry with sustainable polymers.As an emerging class of sustainable polymers,the development of chemically depolymerizable polymers(CDPs),which can undergo closed-loop depolymerization/repolymerization cycles to reproduce virgin polymers without the loss of properties from recovered monomers,offers an ideal solution to preserve finite natural resources,provides a feasible solution to the end-of-life issue of polymer waste,and thereby establishes a circular materials economy.However,two grand key challenges have been encountered in the establishment of practically useful CDPs:how to balance polymerization and depolymerization ability and how to unify conflicted depolymerizability and physical properties.Accordingly,this critical review article presents our vision for summarizing feasible strategies to overcome the above two significant challenges and the design principles for constructing an ideal CDP by highlighting selected major progress made in this rapidly expanding field.

An intelligent self-powered life jacket system integrating multiple triboelectric fiber sensors for drowning rescue

The inherent unpredictability of the maritime environment leads to low rates of survival during accidents.Life jackets serve as a crucial safety measure in underwater environments.Nonetheless,most conventional life jackets lack the capability to monitor the wearer's underwater body movements,impeding their effectiveness in rescue operations.Here,we present an intelligent self-powered life jacket system(SPLJ)composed of a wireless body area sensing network,a set of deep learning analytics,and a human condition detection platform.Six coaxial core-shell structure triboelectric fiber sensors with high sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility are integrated into this system.Addi-tionally,a portable integrated circuit module is incorporated into the SPLJ to facilitate real-time monitoring of the wearer's movement.Moreover,by leveraging the deep-learning-assisted data analytics and establishing a robust correlation between the wearer's movements and condition,we have developed a comprehensive system for monitoring drowning individuals,achieving an outstanding recognition accuracy of 100%.This groundbreaking work intro-duces a fresh approach to underwater intelligent survival devices,offering promising prospects for advancing underwater smart wearable devices in rescue operations and the development of ocean industry.

中程尺度类晶体结构决定非晶合金慢二次弛豫

二次弛豫特别是慢β弛豫和结构不均匀性是非晶合金悬而未决的关键问题.尽管经历了几十年的深入研究,慢β弛豫与结构不均匀性之间的本征关联及其成分依赖性尚未建立.本文以镝基块体非晶合金为载体,通过微量掺杂不同类金属元素包括硼、碳、氮和硅,实现了β弛豫的有效调控,并且揭示了其原子尺度结构起源.通过对比研究混合焓、弹性不均匀度、相互作用强度和不完美序结构(或类晶体结构)对β弛豫的影响,发现β弛豫强度与中程类晶体结构的含量密切相关(与混合焓没有显著的对应关系),这表明原子的链状协同运动发生在含有类晶体结构的中程序软区.此外,镝元素和类金属元素之间的相互作用强度对于类晶体结构的形成至关重要.本工作对于理解β弛豫的原子结构起源和调控非晶合金性能具有重要意义.

Mechanochemistry of cyclobutanes

The field of polymer mechanochemistry has been revolutionized by implementing force-responsive functional groups—mechanophores.The rational design of mechanophores enables the controlled use of force to achieve constructive molecular reactivity and material responses.While a variety of mechanophores have been developed,this Mini Review focuses on cyclobutane,which has brought valuable insights into molecular reactivity and dynamics as well as innovations in materials.We discuss its reactivity and mechanism,dynamics and stereoselectivity,as well as impacts on material properties.

近朱者赤:邻里环境与学生学习成绩

基于中国教育追踪调查,本文在居住隔离的背景下考察了邻里环境对学生学习成绩的影响。实证结果显示良好的邻里环境可以显著提高学生的学习成绩,其中的榜样人群为学生树立了典范,激励学生和家长提高教育期望,以更加积极的态度参与到学习过程中,而且优势家庭中的学生会受到更大的影响。不过,公共教育资源投入的增加可以减轻邻里环境带来的影响。本文的研究结论对于制定相关干预政策具有重要的现实意义。

多晶硅金刚线切割废料制备Al-Si合金过程中的热力学和动力学分析

通过X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析了金刚线切割多晶硅废料的组分及其体系中存在的硅氧化物,研究了铝与切割废料合金化过程中可能存在的化学反应过程,采用HSC Chemistry 6.0软件对其反应体系进行了热力学分析,利用差热分析法研究了铝热还原切割废料中SiO2的动力学过程,对金刚线切割多晶硅废料进行了掺铝制备铝硅合金的实验研究。结果表明,金刚线切割多晶硅废料和铝粒按不同铝硅摩尔比兑掺后,在电磁搅拌的作用下,合金化的温度范围为800~1600℃,铝热反应可将废料中少量的SiO2杂质还原成单质Si,铝热还原二氧化硅的活化能为364.1 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.91,实验样品的EPMA和XRD等表征结果表明合金成分和渣相与热力学分析完全吻合,合金化效果明显。

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Monazite and Its Applications to U-Th-Pb Dating of Geological Samples

Electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) dating of monazite has been developed over decades. However, limited by the detectability and analytical sensitivity of dating-related elements(Th, Pb, U and Y), the EPMA dating has been restricted to geological research. In this study, various probe currents, beam diameters and counting times have been utilized on a JEOL JXA-8230 electron microprobe to determine the optimal experimental conditions for measuring Th, Pb, U and Y in monazite. The optimal conditions are:(1) accelerating voltage is 15 k V;(2) probe current is 100 n A;(3) beam diameter is 1 μm;(4) the peak and background counting time of U and Pb are 200 and 100 s;and(5) the peak and background counting time of Th and Y are 100 and 50 s. We apply this method to monazite from garnet-bearing biotite gneiss in the Zanhuang area of the Central Orogenic Belt of the North China Craton. The Pb O-Th O2* isochron age calculated by EPMA data is 1 812±17 Ma(MSWD=2.06), which is similar to the weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age(1 805±12 Ma, MSWD=1.07) obtained by LA-ICP-MS. This study suggests that EPMA dating of monazite as a powerful dating technique can be widely used in geochronological study.

Geochemistry and Geochronology of Diorite in Pengshan Area of Jiangxi Province:Implications for Magmatic Source and Tectonic Evolution of Jiangnan Orogenic Belt

Magmatic activities associated with tectonic events play a significant role in understanding the evolution of an orogenic belt.The Jiangnan orogenic belt has been regarded as the collisional suture zone between the Yangtze Block and the Cathaysia Block.Although the magmatic activities during the period of intra-plate extension after the collision have been well studied in recent years,some remaining issues,including source nature and geodynamic mechanism,need to be further addressed.In this paper,based on a detailed field geological,petrological,geochemical and geochronological study,we focus our work on diorites in the Pengshan area located at the northwestern margin of the Jiangnan orogenic belt.The mineral assemblages are mainly composed of plagioclase(55 vol.%-65 vol.%)and hornblende(35 vol.%-45 vol.%).One diorite sample yields zircon^(206)Pb/^(238)U mean age of 768±8 Ma(MSWD=0.29).The diorites have enriched large ion lithophile elements(Ba,K and Rb)and incompatible elements(Th and U),and are depleted in high field-strength elements including Ta,Ti and Nb.Diorites in this study have relatively high MgO content(6.56 wt.%-7.58 wt.%,7.07 wt.%on average)and Mg number values(65-67,65.8 on average).The diorites are metaluminous,high K calc-alkaline series rocks with high contents of K_2O(1.59 wt.%-1.97 wt.%)and total alkali(Na_2O+K_2O=5.56 wt.%-6.05 wt.%).The Nd/Th ratio(4.34-5.27)is higher than that of crust-derived rocks and lower than mantle-derived rocks.The Rb/Sr ratio(0.19-0.22)is slightly lower than crust,but significantly higher than upper mantle.Based on the above geochemical and geochronological analyses,we suggest that the diorites in the Pengshan area were mainly derived from crustal materials with a small amount of mantleoriginated materials involved,and possibly produced from an extensional tectonic setting after the collision between the Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block.

Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质行为

研究了高硅铝硅合金(45wt%Si)熔体电磁分离过程中,Sb添加量、下拉速率、温度等对分离效果的影响,对Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质机理进行了分析。结果表明,在1500℃、下拉速率为10μm/s时,过共晶铝硅合金熔体中加入Sb进行定向凝固后,合金部分硅铝比从11.53%降至11.21%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从86wt%增至90wt%;当1500℃、下拉速率为40μm/s时,合金部分硅铝比从12.56%降至12.13%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从81wt%增至86.5wt%;加入变质剂后合金部分共晶硅相在α-Al基体中分布均匀且连续,形貌有所细化。

Influence of the inner tilt angle on downwash airflow field of multi-rotor UAV based on wireless wind speed acquisition system

The downwash airflow field is an important factor influencing the spraying performance of plant protection UAV,and the structural design of rotors directly affects the characteristics of the downwash airflow field.Therefore,in this study,three-dimensional models of a six-rotor UAV with various inner tilt angles were established to simulate and analyze the influence of the inner tilt angle on the downwash airflow field based on the Reynolds average NS equation,RNG k-εturbulence model,etc..On this basis,a wireless wind speed acquisition system using the TCP server was developed to carry out the test through the marked points with real-time detection.The simulation results show that,the variation of inner tilt angles of the six-rotor UAV did not cause significant difference in the time dimension of the downwash airflow field,and with the change of the inner tilt angle from 0°to 8°,the distribution of downwash airflow field tended to obliquely shrink towards the central axis direction,and the amplitude of linear attenuation of airflow speed was also increased,which the difference of attenuation amplitude was 1 m/s.Besides,under the different inner tilt angle,the airflow velocity in“lead in area”was significantly greater than that in the“lead out area”,and the difference of air velocity distribution in space would affect the uniformity of droplet deposition.Through the calibration test,the measurement accuracy error of the developed system was lower than 0.3 m/s,and the adjusted R2 of the calibration fitting equation was higher than 0.99.The test and simulation values at test points from 0.2-2.3 m below the rotors exhibit the same variation trend,and the average relative error at the height of 1.1-2.3 m below the rotors and 0.2-0.8 m near the ground was within 10%and 20%,respectively.The simulation and test results were highly reliable,which could provide basis and reference for the design and optimization of plant protection drones.

Improvement of reservoir quality of ultra-deep tight sandstones by tectonism and fluid:A case study of Keshen gas field in Tarim Basin,western China

The Keshen gas field is one of the most important natural gas supply sources in the Tarim basin,western China.The main gas producing interval there is the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation(K1bs),it is an ultra-deep tight reservoir whose buried depth exceeds 6000 m,and it shows a low matrix porosity(<10%)and extremely low matrix permeability(<0.1mD).However,this reservoir can supply extremely high and stable gas production due to improvement of reservoir quality by tectonism and fluid.Based on tectonic evolution analysis by plenty of lab data of core plugs or thin sections,the enhancement models of tectonism and fluid are built,evidence suggests both tectonism and fluid improve the reservoir quality greatly.Tectonic evolution produces lots of natural fractures in 3stages which promote the ultra-deep tight reservoir permeability 10–200 times,then,testing results of new boreholes without fracturing show reservoir permeability underground can reach 20 mD.Furthermore,fluid dissolution increases reservoir porosity 1–2 times,the main dissolved mineral is feldspar,all fluid dissolution came from the unconformity controlling the dissolution distance.Tectonism and fluid interact on each other:Tectonism controls fracture distribution and types of diagenic fluid in reservoir,but fluids influence fracture cements and dissolution.Both tectonic folding and the fluid flow control the sweet point reservoir located in upper 150 m formation.

Gillespie所提出一个问题的否定回答

本文引入Gorenstein n-凝聚环的概念,证明即使所有左R-模的AC-内射复形和所有内射左R-模的复形对应的同伦范畴是一致的,环R也未必是左凝聚的,从而否定地回答了Gillespie(2017)提出的一个问题.

Cloning and expression analysis of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)gene of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)and the dietary effect of Eucommia ulmoides on gene expression

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)is an important transcription factor in the regulation of redox homeostasis,which plays a vital role in metabolism,the cell cycle,and cell protection.In this study,the complete cDNA sequence of Nrf2 gene of grass carp was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR),and the characteristics of Nrf2 proteins predicted from gene sequencing were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Tissue differential expression patterns were also detected by Real-time Fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Then,Eucommia ulmoides(EU),a traditional Chinese medicine,was added into diet with an inclusion of 2%to feed grass carp for 3 months to investigate the effects on the expression of Nrf2 gene in tissues.The results showed that the full-length of Nrf2 gene of grass carp is 2760 bp,encoding 593 amino acids,and the predicted Nrf2 protein is a hydrophilic and non-secretory protein.Grass carp Nrf2 gene showed higher expression in kidney,gill,liver,spleen,and blood tissues than in other tissues.In the feeding trial,dietary EU significantly promoted the Nrf2 mRNA expression in kidney,gill,and liver tissues after three months feeding.The results suggest that Nrf2 plays an important role in the anti-oxidative capacity of grass carp and its expression is enhanced by dietary EU.

Mechanically durable antibacterial nanocoatings based on zwitterionic copolymers containing dopamine segments

Developing an effective and durable antibacterial surface is important for surgical tools and biomedical implants.In this work,a zwitterionic copolymer containing catechol groups as biomimetic anchoring segments was coated onto 316 L stainless steel via drop-casting.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and water contact angle(WCA)measurements indicated that the coatings made of the copolymers containing zwitterionic and dopamine segments at the molar ratios of 8:2 and 6:4 exhibited stronger stability and mechanical durability than the one at 9:1 after inducing tape-peeling and ultrasonication damage.The mechanically durable nanocoatings exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in a period of 3 days.The nanocoatings with zwitterionic and dopamine segments at the molar ratio of 8:2 were further evaluated and demonstrated durable antibacterial performance after tape-peeling and ultrasonication treatments.