Palynological assemblage in the late Early Cretaceous from Sikouzi Section, Liupanshan Group, Central China and its implication to paleoenvironment change

The Cretaceous(ca.145 Ma^65 Ma)was characterized by remarkable greenhouse conditions which was more server than present greenhouse gas emissions.However,this special climate condition is mainly documented from marine records.The information derived from continental sediments including terrestrial vegetation is relatively scarce.Here,we report on a palynological study of 17 samples from the Lower Cretaceous Liupanshan Group of the Sikouzi Section(spanning116 Ma^103 Ma),Liupanshan Basin and analyzed for paleoclimate implications.The palynoflora is diverse,dominated by Classopollis(Cheirolepidiaceae),with abundant ferns and rare angiosperms.The dominant ferns are from Lygodiaceae and Schizaeaceae.The palynological data shows that the Early Cretaceous floras are derived from various settings,i.e.,the Coniferales on high elevation mountains,Cheirolepidiaceae along low hills near lakes,ferns in marsh wetlands,and algae in fresh water lakes.The palynoflora indicates that the climate in the Liupanshan area is hot and dry,and the palaeogeography is characterized by complex and various outlook during the Early Cretaceous,furthermore,climate evolution revealed by the vegetation can be divided into two stages during this period.From 116 Ma to 112 Ma,the concentration of thermophilic and xerophilous species such as Cheirolepidiaceae and Schizaeaceae were relatively low,conifers increased significantly,and fern concentration remained steady.This ecosystem suggests a humid and cold climate during this period.From 112 Ma to 103 Ma,the concentration of Cheirolepidiaceae and Schizaeaceae was relatively high,and conifers decreased significantly.Compared to the upper stage,the total percentage of Lygodiaceae spores were relatively low.Vegetation change during this period may indicate an increased trend of a dry and hot environment in this region.The trend of climate change recorded by the pollen assemblages during this period coincide with global sea surface temperature fluctuation.Thus,climate change recorded by the palynological assemblage in the Sikouzi section correlates well with global climate change during the Early Cretaceous.

一流本科专业建设背景下突出应用特色的多元化实践课程体系建设

在新时期教育部推动一流本科专业建设项目的背景下,作为一所地方性应用型高校,郑州轻工业大学应用化学专业在国家一流专业建设过程中,依托综合实验课程、国家级实践教学基地、产学研合作以及大学生学科竞赛等单元,建设起独具应用特色的多元化创新创业实践平台和人才培养体系,为一流专业建设中强化学科分层次发展和重点建设,提升应用化学专业人才教育质量提供了一种可供借鉴的模式。

Analog Optical Computing for Artificial Intelligence

The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)facilitates various applications from all areas but also poses great challenges in its hardware implementation in terms of speed and energy because of the explosive growth of data.Optical computing provides a distinctive perspective to address this bottleneck by harnessing the unique properties of photons including broad bandwidth,low latency,and high energy efficiency.In this review,we introduce the latest developments of optical computing for different AI models,including feedforward neural networks,reservoir computing,and spiking neural networks(SNNs).Recent progress in integrated photonic devices,combined with the rise of AI,provides a great opportunity for the renaissance of optical computing in practical applications.This effort requires multidisciplinary efforts from a broad community.This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art accomplishments in recent years,discusses the availability of current technologies,and points out various remaining challenges in different aspects to push the frontier.We anticipate that the era of large-scale integrated photonics processors will soon arrive for practical AI applications in the form of hybrid optoelectronic frameworks.

Tunable Weyl fermions and Fermi arcs in magnetized topological crystalline insulators

Based on k · p analysis and realistic tight-binding calculations, we find that time-reversal-breaking Weyl semimetals can be realized in magnetically-doped(Mn, Eu, Cr, etc.) Sn_(1-x)Pb_x(Te, Se) class of topological crystalline insulators. All the Weyl points are well separated in momentum space and possess nearly the same energy due to high crystalline symmetry.Moreover, both the Weyl points and Fermi arcs are highly tunable by varying Pb/Sn composition, pressure, magnetization,temperature, surface potential, etc., opening up the possibility of manipulating Weyl points and rewiring the Fermi arcs.

All-optical logic gate computing for high-speed parallel information processing

Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison with electronic computing.The optical implementation of the fundamental building blocks of a digital computer,i.e.logic gates,has been investigated extensively in the past few decades.Optical logic gate computing is an alternative approach to various analogue optical computing architectures.In this paper,the latest development of optical logic gate computing with different kinds of implementations is reviewed.Firstly,the basic concepts of analogue and digital computing with logic gates in the electronic and optical domains are introduced.And then a comprehensive summary of various optical logic gate schemes including spatial encoding of light field,semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA),highly nonlinear fiber(HNLF),microscale and nanoscale waveguides,and photonic crystal structures is presented.To conclude,the formidable challenges in developing practical all-optical logic gates are analyzed and the prospects of the future are discussed.

Towards a bright future:The versatile applications of organic solar cells

Due to the mechanical flexibility,light weight,aesthetics,absorption tunability and environmental friendliness,organic solar cells(OSCs)have superior application potential over their inorganic counterparts including silicon and perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Thanks to these benefits,the past decade have witnessed the rapid growth of flexible OSCs,semitransparent OSCs and indoor OSCs.In this progress report,we firstly overview the recent advance of the applications of the three promising OSCs.Subsequently,we sketch the critical points for the three classes of OSCs and highlight the efforts paid by the research community to address these issues.Besides,we discuss some popular strategies to afford great performance of each kind of OSC,respectively,and underline the corresponding breakthrough directions.Last but not least,we present the remaining challenges for advancing the commercial applications of these three classes of OSCs.

机械力诱导MHC-Ⅰ构象变化增强TCR抗原识别及T细胞活化

CD8+T细胞主要通过T细胞表面受体(T cell recep tor,TCR)识别并与Ⅰ型主要组织性复合物提呈的抗原(pMHC-Ⅰ)相互作用[1]。TCR对刺激型抗原的识别在CD8+T细胞毒性和适应性免疫中发挥着关键作用。许多证据表明机械力可以延长TCR与刺激性pMHC作用的键合时间(bond lifetime)形成抗原特异性逆锁键(catch bond)[2],并且这种逆锁键对抗原识别非常重要。然而,机械力调控TCR抗原识别的具体结构机制仍不清楚。通过分子动力学模拟、单分子生物膜力学探针、磁镊、T细胞活化实验和动物模型对此问题展开了系统的研究[4]。发现作用在TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ复合体上的拉力可以作用在TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ复合体上的拉力可以打破MHC-I分子内部α1-α2和β2结构域间的相互作用,导致α1-α2结构域旋转并发生构象变化。力诱导的MHC-I构象变化可以进一步别构地调节TCR与刺激性抗原肽及α1-α2结构域的构象及相互作用,诱导产生新的氢键,增强TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ之间的键合时间,但并不能增强TCR与抑制性pMHC-Ⅰ之间的作用。当用点突变阻断这些新形成的氢键,或者α1-α2和β2结构域被二硫键锁住时,最佳力诱导的TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ作用的键合时间明显缩短并且T细胞的活化受到抑制。另外,在人TCR和HLA-A2相互作用中发现了类似机制,并且与肿瘤相关的HLA-A2点突变[3]可以通过限制HLA-A2α1--α2和β2结构域之间的构象打开减弱TCR对肿瘤抗原的识别及T细胞的功能。研究结果表明,机械力诱导的MHC-I构象变化对TCR抗原识别和T细胞活化非常重要,进一步地阐明了机械力调控TCR抗原识别机制,为临床肿瘤的免疫治疗和药物设计提供了新思路和新靶点。

尿道内钬激光切开术对尿道狭窄的临床价值分析

目的探讨尿道内钬激光切开术对尿道狭窄的临床价值分析。方法收集我院2015~2018年收治的各类尿道狭窄患者均行钬激光切开术共计27例均行钬激光切开术,对治疗效果进行统计分析。结果共27例1次手术成功率为100%,术后无复发。结论钬激光切开术对尿道狭窄是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法。

Optimization of inter-helix spacing for helical piles in sand

The optimization of the inter-helix spacing is a key issue of the axial bearing capacity of helical piles.In this paper,based on the cavity expansion,an analytical approach considering the small-strain stiffness,strength,compressibility and stress level of sand around the helical pile was proposed to analyze the influence zone of the helices to determine the optimal inter-helix spacing in sand.The calculation results of the proposed method were verified using the centrifuge test data and finite element analysis for helical pile in Congleton HST95 sand.They were also compared with those using the Meyerhof pile foundation theory.The results show that the optimal inter-helix spacing based on Meyerhof pile foundation theory differs significantly from the measurement.The range of the influence zone for the helices in sand calculated by the cavity expansion theory matches with the data from literature.The calculation results with the proposed method are consistent with the range of the optimal spacing ratio inferred in the centrifuge tests.The results based on the two-dimensional(2D)finite element model(FEM)are also basically consistent with the calculated analytical solution.

PIMS:An Efficient Process Integrity Monitoring System Based on Blockchain and Trusted Computing in Cloud-Native Context

With the advantages of lightweight and high resource utilization,cloud-native technology with containers as the core is gradually becoming themainstreamtechnical architecture for information infrastructure.However,malware attacks such as Doki and Symbiote threaten the container runtime’s security.Malware initiates various types of runtime anomalies based on process form(e.g.,modifying the process of a container,and opening the external ports).Fortunately,dynamic monitoring mechanisms have proven to be a feasible solution for verifying the trusted state of containers at runtime.Nevertheless,the current routine dynamic monitoring mechanisms for baseline data protection are still based on strong security assumptions.As a result,the existing dynamicmonitoringmechanismis still not practical enough.To ensure the trustworthiness of the baseline value data and,simultaneously,to achieve the integrity verification of the monitored process,we combine blockchain and trusted computing to propose a process integrity monitoring system named IPMS.Firstly,the hardware TPM 2.0 module is applied to construct a trusted security foundation for the integrity of the process code segment due to its tamper-proof feature.Then,design a new format for storing measurement logs,easily distinguishing files with the same name in different containers from log information.Meanwhile,the baseline value data is stored on the blockchain to avoidmalicious damage.Finally,trusted computing technology is used to perform fine-grained integrity measurement and remote attestation of processes in a container,detect abnormal containers in time and control them.We have implemented a prototype system and performed extensive simulation experiments to test and analyze the functionality and performance of the PIMS.Experimental results show that PIMS can accurately and efficiently detect tampered processes with only 3.57% performance loss to the container.

Magnus Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Materials

The Magnus Hall effect(MHE) is a new type of linear-response Hall effect, recently proposed to appear in two-dimensional(2D) nonmagnetic systems at zero magnetic field in the ballistic limit. The MHE arises from a self-rotating Bloch electron moving under a gradient-electrostatic potential, analogous to the Magnus effect in the macrocosm. Unfortunately, the MHE is usually accompanied by a trivial transverse signal, which hinders its experimental observation. We systematically investigate the material realization and experimental measurement of the MHE, based on symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations. It is found that both the out-ofplane mirror and in-plane two-fold symmetries can neutralize the trivial transverse signal to generate clean MHE signals. We choose two representative 2D materials, monolayer MoS_(2), and bilayer WTe_(2), to study the quantitative dependency of MHE signals on the direction of the electric field. The results are qualitatively consistent with the symmetry analysis, and suggest that an observable MHE signal requires giant Berry curvatures. Our results provide detailed guidance for the future experimental exploration of MHE.

Pt-H2SO4/Zr-montmorillonite： An efficient catalyst for the polymerization of octamethylcy-clotetrasiloxane, polymethylhydrosiloxane and hexamethyldisiloxane to low-hydro silicone oil

The liquid phase ring-opening of octamethylcy-clotetrasiloxane （D4） was investigated over Pt-H2SO4/Zr- montmorillonite catalyst. Montmorillonite （Mt）, Zr-Mt, H2SO4/Mt, H2SO4/Zr-Mt and Pt-H2SO4/Zr-Mt were also detected for evaluation. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD and pyridine-FTIR measurements. In comparison to activate clay which is used in the industry of catalyst, Zr-Mt catalyst displayed stronger acidity and more excellent catalytic activity in the polymerization of D4, polymethylhydrosiloxane （DH） and hexamethyldisiloxane （MM） to low-hydro sili- cone oil. Relative to Zr-Mt, the acidity of H2SO4/Zr-Mt was noticeably improved and the catalyst exhibited a higher capability of ring-opening of D4 conversion and yield of low-hydro silicone oil. To enhance the stability of H2SO4/Zr-Mt catalyst, a small amount of metals （Pt） was doped. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption results indicated that pore textural parameters of the Pt-H2SO4/Zr-Mt had not changed with larger specific surface area. Compared with H2SO4/Zr-Mt, the total acidity of Pt-H2SO4-Zr/Mt catalyst retained, but the content of the Bransted acid increased and the content of the Lewis acid decreased. The Pt-H2SO4-Zr/Mt catalyst displayed higher catalyst reproducibility. After 40 h reaction of polymerization, the yield of low-hydro silicone oil decreased from 93% to 42% over H2SO4/Zr-Mt catalyst, while the yield of low-hydro silicone oil reduced from 93% to 78% over Pt-H2SO4/Zr-Mt catalyst. A sharp decrease in catalytic activity after 35 h of Pt-H2SO4/Zr-Mt catalyst was detected. Furthermore, Pt-H2SO4/Zr-Mt was completely regenerated under appropriate condition and appeared good repeatability in the D4, DH and MM to low-hydro silicone oil.

Fish Skin-Inspired Janus Hydrogel Coating for Drag Reduction

Comprehensive Summary,In nature,fishes have evolved functional skins with effective hydrodynamic performance and anti-fouling,facilitating predation and escaping from predators.Although a large number of fish scale-inspired structured surfaces have been explored,the incorporation of mucus on the structured surfaces has been largely ignored.Inspired by the skin of Osteichthyes fishes,a Janus hydrogel coating(JHC)is successfully prepared by a two-step UV light irradiation at room temperature.The bottom side of JHC(STH)achieves a shear adhesive strength of 103.3±17.5 kPa and can strongly adhere to a large variety of surfaces,including metals,ceramic and polymers.The top surface of JHC(SLH)replicates the structure of cycloid scales,while the nature of hydrogel mimics the mucus on fish skin.SLH possesses prominent mechanical,anti-swelling,anti-fouling and drag reduction properties.The design strategy for JHC has potential applications in numerous fields,like,pipeline transportation,bioengineering,and shipping industry.

Miscibility screening promotes the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based organic solar cells Special Issue:Emerging Investigators

The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)has witnessed continuous breakthroughs in the past few years,mostly benefiting from the extensive use of a facile ternary blending strategy by blending the host polymer donor:small molecule acceptor mixture with a second small molecule acceptor.Nevertheless,this rather general strategy used in the well-known PM6 systems fails in constructing high-performance P3HT-based ternary OPVs.As a result,the efficiencies of all resulting ternary blends based on a benchmark host P3HT:ZY-4Cl and a second acceptor are no more than 8%.Employing the mutual miscibility of the binary blends as a guide to screen the second acceptor,here we were able to break the longstanding 10%-efficiency barrier of ternary OPVs based on P3HT and dual nonfullerene acceptors.With this rational approach,we identified a multifunctional small molecule acceptor BTP-2Br to simultaneously improve the photovoltaic performance in both P3HT and PM6-based ternary OPVs.Attractively,the P3HT:ZY-4Cl:BTP-2Br ternary blend exhibited a record-breaking efficiency of 11.41%for P3HT-based OPVs.This is the first-ever report that over 11%efficiency is achieved for P3HTbased ternary OPVs.Importantly,the study helps the community to rely less on trial-and-error methods for constructing ternary solar cells.

Challenges and recent advances in HfO_(2)-based ferroelectric films for non-volatile memory applications

The emergence of data-centric applications such as artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning,and the Internet of Things(IoT),has promoted surges in demand for storage memories with high operating speed and nonvolatile characteristics.HfO_(2)-based ferroelectric memory technologies,which emerge as a promising alternative,have attracted considerable attention due to their high performance,energy efficiency,and full compatibility with the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors(CMOS)process.These nonvolatile storage elements,such as ferroelectric random access memory(FeRAM),ferroelectric field-effect transistors(FeFETs),and ferroelectric tunnel junctions(FTJs),possess different data access mechanisms,individual merits,and specific application boundaries in next-generation memories or even beyond von Neumann architecture.This paper provides an overview of ferroelectric HfO2 memory technologies,addresses the current challenges,and offers insights into future research directions and prospects.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles with catalase-like nanozyme activity and near-infrared light response:A combination of effective photodynamic therapy,autophagy,ferroptosis,and antitumor immunity

We prepared biocompatible and environment-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)with upconversion properties and catalase-like nanozyme activity.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)application is severely limited by the poor penetration of UV-Visible light and a hypoxic tumor environment.Here,we used ZnO NPs as a carrier for the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)to construct zinc oxide-chlorin e6 nanoparticles(ZnO-Ce6 NPs),simultaneously addressing both problems.In terms of penetration,ZnO NPs convert 808 nm near-infrared light into 401 nm visible light to excite Ce6,achieving deep-penetrating photodynamic therapy under long-wavelength light.Interestingly,the ability to emit short-wavelength light under long-wavelength light is usually observed in upconversion nanoparticles.As nanozymes,ZnO NPs can catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in tumors,providing oxygen for photodynamic action and relieving hypoxia.The enhanced photodynamic action produces a large amount of reactive oxygen species,which overactivate autophagy and trigger immunogenic cell death(ICD),leading to antitumor immunotherapy.In addition,even in the absence of light,ZnO and ZnO-Ce6 NPs can induce ferroptosis of tumor cells and exert antitumor effects.

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals immune and metabolism perturbation of depression in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

Epidemiological evidence indicates that major depressive disorder(MDD)may predispose the development and prognosis of breast cancer(BC)in females[1].However,the mechanisms linking these phenotypes are not fully understood.Chronic stress,a hallmark of depression,has been underscored to affect anti-tumor immunity,tumor metabolic reprogramming,hormone synthesis in BC[2,3],and increase tumor metastasis[4],but there is a lack of detailed cellular-level characterization of how MDD history affects the tumorigenesis of BC.This study explored the single-cell atlas of multiple tissues from BC patients with and without a history of MDD for characterizing the potential molecular alternations in their tumorigenesis(Figure 1A).

腹腔镜和开腹胆囊癌根治性切除术近期疗效及远期预后的比较

目的比较腹腔镜和开腹胆囊癌根治术的近期临床疗效及远期预后。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年12月于浙江省人民医院肝胆胰外科接受胆囊癌根治术的133例胆囊癌患者的临床及术后随访资料。其中80例完成腹腔镜胆囊癌根治术(腹腔镜组),男性23例,女性57例,年龄[M(IQR)]66.0(12.8)岁(范围:28.0~82.0岁);53例完成开腹胆囊癌根治术(开腹组),男性8例,女性45例,年龄63.0(6.0)岁(范围:45.0~80.0岁)。腹腔镜组与开腹组在年龄、性别、体重指数、术前白蛋白、术前总胆红素、N分期、脉管侵犯、神经侵犯及肿瘤分化的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),而术前CA19-9(Z=-2.955,P=0.003)、术前ALT水平(Z=-2.801,P=0.031)、T分期分布(χ^(2)=19.110,P=0.007)的差异均有统计学意义。定量资料的比较采用非参数检验,分类资料的比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果两组患者在手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、阳性淋巴结数目、术中胆囊破裂,术后胆瘘、腹腔出血、腹腔感染发生率,术后30 d和90 d病死率、切口种植及术后腹腔转移方面的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);腹腔镜组术中出血量[100.0(200.0)ml比400.0(250.0)ml](Z=-5.260,P<0.01)、引流管留置时间[6.0(3.8)d比7.0(4.0)d](Z=-3.351,P=0.001)及术后住院时间[8.0(5.0)d比14.0(7.5)d](Z=-6.079,P<0.01)优于开腹组。腹腔镜组1、3年总体生存率分别为63.6%、49.6%,开腹组1、3年总体生存率分别为37.7%、12.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);腹腔镜组1、3年无进展生存率分别为79.4%、54.1%,开腹组1、3年无进展生存率分别为55.7%、37.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对T1b~T2期及T3期胆囊癌进行亚组分析,结果显示,两组术后总体生存率及无进展生存率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊癌根治术可取得与开腹手术类似的近期临床结局和长期预后,且具有手术创伤小及术后恢复快的优势。

厌氧丁草胺降解菌BAD-20的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

【目的】分离并鉴定能够降解除草剂丁草胺的厌氧微生物菌株,研究其厌氧降解丁草胺的特性和代谢途径,为深入研究丁草胺厌氧降解机制提供依据。【方法】以丁草胺为碳源作为选择压力从水稻田土壤中富集驯化丁草胺降解菌,利用16S rRNA基因系统发育分析结合菌株培养特征对降解菌株进行初步鉴定,利用液相色谱-时间飞行质谱(LC-TOF-MS)检测菌株降解丁草胺的代谢产物。【结果】筛选到一株降解丁草胺的厌氧细菌,命名为BAD-20,初步鉴定为嗜蛋白质菌属(Proteiniphilum),菌株BAD-20降解丁草胺的最适条件为温度30–35℃、pH 7.5–8.0和0–0.5%NaCl,在有氧条件下该菌不能降解丁草胺。最适条件下,菌株BAD-20在10 d降解90%的20 mg/L丁草胺。菌株BAD-20还能降解甲草胺、乙草胺、丙草胺,降解效率从高到低依次为甲草胺>乙草胺>丙草胺>丁草胺,对这些氯乙酰胺除草剂的降解动力学符合一级动力学方程。鉴定到2个丁草胺降解代谢产物,分别是N-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-N-(丁氧甲基)乙酰胺(DEPBMA)和N-(2,6-二乙基苯基)乙酰胺(DEPA),表明菌株BAD-20降解丁草胺的起始步骤为脱氯,随后脱去N-丁氧甲基。【结论】本研究富集分离到一株降解丁草胺的厌氧细菌嗜蛋白质菌属(Proteiniphilum)BAD-20,为深入研究丁草胺厌氧降解机制及研发含丁草胺废水厌氧生物处理技术提供依据。

Simultaneous Optimization of Efficiency,Stretchability,and Stability in All-Polymer Solar Cells via Aggregation Control

With the emergence of Y-series small molecule acceptors,polymerizing the small molecule acceptors with aromatic linker units has attracted significant research attention,which has greatly advanced the photovoltaic performance of all-polymer solar cells.Despite the rapid increase in efficiency,the unique characteristics(e.g.,mechanical stretchability and flexibility)of all-polymer systems were still not thoroughly explored.In this work,we demonstrate an effective approach to simultaneously improve device performance,stability,and mechanical robustness of all-polymer solar cells by properly suppressing the aggregation and crystallization behaviors of polymerized Y-series acceptors.Strikingly,when introducing 50 wt%PYF-IT(a fluorinated version of PY-IT)into the well-known PM6:PY-IT system,the all-polymer devices delivered an impressive photovoltaic efficiency of 16.6%,significantly higher than that of the control binary cell(15.0%).Compared with the two binary systems,the optimal ternary blend exhibits more efficient charge separation and balanced charge transport accompanying with less recombination.Moreover,a high-performance 1.0 cm^(2)large-area device of 15%efficiency was demonstrated for the optimized ternary all-polymer blend,which offered a desirable PCE of 14.5%on flexible substrates and improved mechanical flexibility after bending 1000 cycles.Notably,these are among the best results for 1.0 cm^(2)all-polymer OPVs thus far.This work also heralds a bright future of all-polymer systems for flexible wearable energy-harvesting applications.