Large-Scale Surface Modification of Decellularized Matrix with Erythrocyte Membrane for Promoting In Situ Regeneration of Heart Valve

In situ regeneration is a promising strategy for constructing tissue engineering heart valves(TEHVs).Currently,the decellularized heart valve(DHV)is extensively employed as a TEHV scaffold.Nevertheless,DHV exhibits limited blood compatibility and notable difficulties in endothelialization,resulting in thrombosis and graft failure.The red blood cell membrane(RBCM)exhibits excellent biocompatibility and prolonged circulation stability and is extensively applied in the camouflage of nanoparticles for drug delivery;however,there is no report on its application for large-scale modification of decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM).For the first time,we utilized a layer-by-layer assembling strategy to immobilize RBCM on the surface of DHV and construct an innovative TEHV scaffold.Our findings demonstrated that the scaffold significantly improved the hemocompatibility of DHV by effectively preventing plasma protein adsorption,activated platelet adhesion,and erythrocyte aggregation,and induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype in vitro.Moreover,RBCM modification significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and enzymatic stability of DHV.The rat models of subcutaneous embedding and abdominal aorta implantation showed that the scaffold regulated the polarization of macrophages into the anti-inflammatory and pro-modeling M2 phenotype and promoted endothelialization and ECM remodeling in the early stage without thrombosis and calcification.The novel TEHV exhibits excellent performance and can overcome the limitations of commonly used clinical prostheses.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Surface Micro Defect Detection Model Based on Residual Network with Novel Attention Mechanism

Printed Circuit Board(PCB)surface tiny defect detection is a difficult task in the integrated circuit industry,especially since the detection of tiny defects on PCB boards with large-size complex circuits has become one of the bottlenecks.To improve the performance of PCB surface tiny defects detection,a PCB tiny defects detection model based on an improved attention residual network(YOLOX-AttResNet)is proposed.First,the unsupervised clustering performance of the K-means algorithm is exploited to optimize the channel weights for subsequent operations by feeding the feature mapping into the SENet(Squeeze and Excitation Network)attention network;then the improved K-means-SENet network is fused with the directly mapped edges of the traditional ResNet network to form an augmented residual network(AttResNet);and finally,the AttResNet module is substituted for the traditional ResNet structure in the backbone feature extraction network of mainstream excellent detection models,thus improving the ability to extract small features from the backbone of the target detection network.The results of ablation experiments on a PCB surface defect dataset show that AttResNet is a reliable and efficient module.In Torify the performance of AttResNet for detecting small defects in large-size complex circuit images,a series of comparison experiments are further performed.The results show that the AttResNet module combines well with the five best existing target detection frameworks(YOLOv3,YOLOX,Faster R-CNN,TDD-Net,Cascade R-CNN),and all the combined new models have improved detection accuracy compared to the original model,which suggests that the AttResNet module proposed in this paper can help the detection model to extract target features.Among them,the YOLOX-AttResNet model proposed in this paper performs the best,with the highest accuracy of 98.45% and the detection speed of 36 FPS(Frames Per Second),which meets the accuracy and real-time requirements for the detection of tiny defects on PCB surfaces.This study can provide some new ideas for other real-time online detection tasks of tiny targets with high-resolution images.

Breeding of Anti-diarrhea Gene in Local and Exotic Pig Breeds in Guizhou Province

[Objectives]This study was conducted to breed special pig breeds resistant to diarrhea by using modern biotechnology.[Methods]From Guizhou local breeds,such as Nuogu pigs,Kele pig,Yorkshire pigs and Duroc pigs,190 samples were collected for the analysis of anti-diarrhea gene.[Results]The anti-diarrhea genotype frequency of Kele pigs was 70.00%,which was higher than that of Nuogu pigs(67.37%)and Yorkshire pigs(Yorkshire pigs and Duroc pigs)(50.59%).The favorable anti-diarrhea gene of all Nuogu pigs,Kele pigs,and Yorkshire pigs and Duroc pigs was G,with gene frequencies of 0.7355,0.8368 and 0.8500,respectively,and the frequencies of allele A were 0.2645,0.1632 and 0.1500,respectively.In the process of generation selection,combination selection of GG♂×GG♀,GG♂×GA♀,GA♂×GG♀and GA♂×GA♀was conducted,and GG individuals were selected while gradually phasing out GA and AA individuals.The anti-diarrhea genotypes of 98 pigs in the offspring were tested,and it was found that the frequency of genotype GG was greatly improved,and the frequencies in Nuogu pigs,Kele pigs,Yorkshire pigs and Duroc pigs were increased to 73.91%,81.82%,85.25%and 66.67%respectively,thus forming a special anti-diarrhea breed.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for selecting excellent breeding pigs,establishing core populations and screening resistance genes in the core populations and their offspring.

Relocation of the 10 March 2011 Yingjiang,China,earthquake sequence and its tectonic implications

An earthquake with Ms5.8 occurred on 10 March 2011 in Yingjiang county, western Yunnan, China. This earthquake caused 25 deaths and over 250 injuries. In order to better understand the seismotectonics in the region, we collected the arrival time data from the Yunnan seismic observational bulletins during 1 January to 25 March 2011, and precisely hand-picked the arrival times from high-quality seismograms that were recorded by the temporary seismic stations deployed by our Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration. Using these arrival times, we relocated all the earthquakes including the Yingjiang mainshock and its aftershocks using the double-difference relocation algorithm. Our results show that the relocated earthquakes dominantly occurred along the ENE direction and formed an upside-down bow-shaped structure in depth. It is also observed that after the Yingjiang mainshock, some aftershocks extended toward the SSE over about 10 km. These results may indicate that the Yingjiang mainshock ruptured a conjugate fault system consisting of the ENE trending Da Yingjiang fault and a SSE trending blind fault. Such structural features could contribute to severely seismic hazards during the moderate-size Yingjiang earthquake.

Quantitative prediction of mining subsidence and its impact on the environment

This study is focused on the prediction of mining subsidence and its impact on the environment in the Hongqi mining area. The study was carried out by means of a probability integral model based, in first instance based on field surveys and the analysis of data collected from this area. Isolines of mining sub- sidence were then drawn and the impact caused by mining subsidence on the environment was analyzed quantitatively by spatial analysis with Geographic Information System （GIS）. The results indicate that the subsidence area of the first working-mine can be as large as 2.54 km2, the maximum subsidence is 3440 mrn which will cause 1524 houses to be relocated. The entire subsidence area of the mine can reach 8.09 km2, with a maximum subsidence of 3590 ram. Under these circumstances the value of the loss of ecosystem services Will reach 5.371 million Yuan and the cost of relocating buildings will increase to 6.858 million Yuan.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the bHLH gene family in an ornamental woody plant Prunus mume

The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,little information is available about this gene family in Prunus mume,which is widely cultivated in East Asia as an ornamental fruit tree.Here,100 PmbHLH genes were identified,and their evolution and functions were explored in P.mume for the first time.The PmbHLH genes were classified into 21 subfamilies.The chromosomal distribution,physicochemical properties,bHLH domain,conserved motif,and intron/exon compositions were also analyzed.Furthermore,the evolutionary pattern,divergence time of the PmbHLH family,and genetic relationships among P.mume,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Prunus persica and Fragaria vesca of Rosaceae were explored.The functional prediction analysis of these PmbHLHs indicated that their functions varied,and included participating in the formation of organs and tissues,responding to stress,and the biosynthesis and metabolism of hormones and other secondary metabolites.Interestingly,expression analyses of PmbHLHs also revealed diverse expression patterns.Most of the PmbHLH genes were highly expressed in roots and stems,and a few were highly expressed in leaves,buds,and fruits,indicating tissue expression specificity.Eight PmbHLH genes,which were upregulated during low-temperature stress,may have critical roles in the response to cold stress.Ten PmbHLHs were differentially expressed between weeping and upright branches in a P.mume F_(1) population.These results shed light on the structure and evolution of the PmbHLH gene family,and lay a foundation for further functional studies of the bHLH genes.

Effects of water deficit and high N fertilization on wheat storage protein synthesis,gluten secondary structure,and breadmaking quality

The content and composition of wheat storage proteins are the major determinants of dough rheological properties and breadmaking quality and are influenced by cultivation conditions.This study aimed to investigate the effects of water deficit and high N-fertilizer application on wheat storage protein synthesis,gluten secondary structure,and breadmaking quality.Reverse-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that storage protein and gluten macropolymer accumulation was promoted under both independent applications and a combination of water-deficit and high N-fertilizer treatments.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that water deficit and high N-fertilizer treatments generally improved protein secondary structure formation and lipid accumulation,and reduced flour moisture.In particular,high N-fertilizer application increasedβ-sheet content by 10.4%and the combination of water-deficit and high N-fertilizer treatments increased random coil content by 7.6%.These changes in gluten content and secondary structure led to improved dough rheological properties and breadmaking quality,including superior loaf internal structure,volume,and score.Our results demonstrate that moderately high N-fertilizer application under drought conditions can improve gluten accumulation,gluten secondary structure formation,and baking quality.

Hydrogen Bond-Assisted Ultra-Stable and Fast Aqueous NH_(4)^(+)Storage

Aqueous ammonium ion batteries are regarded as eco-friendly and sustainable energy storage systems.And applicable host for NH_(4)^(+)in aqueous solution is always in the process of development.On the basis of density functional theory calcula-tions,the excellent performance of NH_(4)^(+)insertion in Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)is proposed,especially for copper hexacyanoferrate(CuHCF).In this work,we prove the outstanding cycling and rate performance of CuHCF via electrochemical analyses,delivering no capacity fading during ultra-long cycles of 3000 times and high capacity retention of 93.6%at 50 C.One of main contributions to superior performance from highly reversible redox reaction and structural change is verified during the ammoniation/de-ammoniation progresses.More importantly,we propose the NH_(4)^(+)diffusion mechanism in CuHCF based on con-tinuous formation and fracture of hydrogen bonds from a joint theoretical and experimental study,which is another essential reason for rapid charge transfer and superior NH_(4)^(+)storage.Lastly,a full cell by coupling CuHCF cathode and polyaniline anode is constructed to explore the practical application of CuHCF.In brief,the outstanding aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage in cubic PBAs creates a blueprint for fast and sustainable energy storage.

Influence of nano-diamond content on the microstructure,mechanical and thermal properties of the ZK60 composites

The effect of nano diamond(ND)content on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and thermal conductivity of ZK60+x(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2 wt.%)ND composites were investigated.The microstructures of ND/ZK60 composites were observed,which indicated that the nanoscale MgZn_(2) and ND particles distributed evenly in theα-Mg matrix.The tensile yield strength(TYS)and compressive yield strength(CYS)of the composites first increased remarkably and then decreased with further increasing the ND content.Due to the surface area of the matrix-diamond interface increased and the grains sizes of composites decreased with the amount of ND increase,which cause the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the composites reduced significantly.Meanwhile,the thermal conductivity of the composite material decreases from 129 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) to 116 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) with the content of ND increasing from 0.05%to 2.0%.The thermal conductivity of the composites increases to the maximum and then decrease with the increase of temperature(in temperature range of 273-573 K).The ZK60+0.05 ND showed superior mechanical and thermal conductivity property,TYS of 343.97 MPa,CYS of 341.74 MPa,elongation of 15.71%,CTE of 7.3×10^(−6)K^(−1),and thermal conductivity of 129 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) at room temperature.It is demonstrated that the ND content has an obvious influence on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and thermal conductivity of ND/ZK60 composites.

Four-channel CWDM transmitter chip based on thin-film lithium niobate platform

Multi-lane integrated transmitter chips are key components in future compact optical modules to realize high-speed optical interconnects.Thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)photonics have emerged as a promising platform for achieving high-performance chip-scale optical systems.Combining a coarse wavelength-division multiplexing(CWDM)devices using fabrication-tolerant angled multimode interferometer structure and high-performance electro-optical modulators,we demonstrate monolithic on-chip four-channel CWDM transmitter on the TFLN platform for the first time.The four-channel CWDM transmitter enables high-speed transmissions of 100 Gb/s data rate per wavelength channel(i.e.,an aggregated date rate of 400 Gb/s).

Mechanism of high-concentration electrolyte inhibiting the destructive effect of Mn(Ⅱ)on the performance of lithium-ion batteries

By optimizing electrolyte formulation to inhibit the deposition of transition metal ions(TMIs) on the surface of the graphite anode is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.At present,it is generally believed the formation of an effective interfacial film on the surface of the anode electrode is the leading factor in reducing the dissolution of TMIs and prevent TMIs from being embedded in the electrode.It ignores the influence of the solvation structures in the electrolyte system with different composition,and is not conducive to the design of the electrolyte formulation from the perspective of changing the concentration and the preferred solvent to inhibit the degradation of battery performance caused by TMIs deposition.In this work,by analyzing the special solvation structures of the high-concentra tion electrolyte,we study the main reason why high-concentration electrolyte inhibits the destructive effect of Mn(Ⅱ) on the electrochemical performance of LIBs.By combining the potentialresolved in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology(PRIs-EIS) and density functional theory(DFT) calculation,we find that Mn(Ⅱ) mainly exists in the form of contact ions pairs(CIPs) and aggregates(AGGs) in high-concentration electrolyte.These solvation structures can reduce the destructive effect of Mn(Ⅱ) on battery performance from two aspects:on the one hand,it can rise the lowest unoccupied orbital(LUMO) value of the solvation structures of Mn(Ⅱ),thereby reducing the chance of its reduction;on the other hand,the decrease of Mn2+ions reduction can reduce the deposition of metallic manganese in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),thereby avoiding the continuous growth of the SEI.This study can be provided inspiration for the design of electrolytes to inhibit the destructive effect of TMls on LIBs.

Superplastic Behavior of Alumina Composites Mediated by Carbon Nanotubes

The high temperature creep behavior of carbon nanotube(CNT)/alumina was mediated by the surface chemical functionalization used for synthesis of composite powders. Non-covalent functionalized carbon nanotubes make composites ductile, but covalent approach leads composites that are creep-resistant. Oxygen vacancy mechanism is proposed to account for this mediation effect in this communication.

Study on Helium Bubble Coalescence in Titanium with Dislocations

Dislocation and grain boundary have great influence on helium behavior in materials. In this paper, the helium bubble coalescence in titanium with dislocations was simulated using molecular dynamics method. The results show that, when the second helium bubble nucleates near the slip plane, it grows toward the first helium bubble which lies at the dislocation core till they coalesce with each other. However, it is not easy for the coalescence to occur if the two helium bubbles lie in different atomic layers in (001) plane. If the second helium bubble is nucleated on the side of the slip plane with full atomic layers, the second helium bubble growth could lead to the movement of the first helium bubble toward the other sides of the slip plane. The growth rate and direction of the second helium bubble are closely related to the pressure around it.

Gd_(3)Al_(3)Ga_(2)O_(12):Ce^(3+), Yb^(3+) fluorescent ceramic with highly increased trap density for optical information storage

Electron-trapping materials,due to their exceptional ability of energy storage and controllable photon release under external stimulation,have attracted considerable attention in the field of optical information storage(OIS).In this work,Gd_(3)Al_(3)Ga_(2)O_(12):Ce^(3+), Yb^(3+)fluorescent ceramics,were developed using air and vacuum sintering technology.By co-doping Ce^(3+)and Yb^(3+),the trap density was significantly increased by 7.5 times compared to samples containing only Ce^(3+).Vacuum annealing further enhanced trap density by 1.6 times compared to samples sintered solely in air,while generating deep traps(1.44 eV),making Gd_(3)Al_(3)Ga_(2)O_(12):Ce^(3+), Yb^(3+) an excellent OIS medium.This work is expected to facilitate the development of OIS materials.

Immunosuppression and phenotypic plasticity in an atlas of human hepatocholangiocarcinoma

Background:Hepatocholangiocarcinoma(H-ChC)has the clinicopathological features of both hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)and is a more aggressive subtype of primary hepatic carcinoma than HCC or iCCA.Methods:We sequenced 91,112 single-cell transcriptomes from 16 human samples to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the coexistence of HCC and iCCA components in H-ChC.Results:We observed two molecular subtypes of H-ChC at the whole-transcriptome level(CHP and CIP),where a metabolically active tumour cell subpopulation enriched in CHP was characterized by a cellular pre-differentiation property.To define the heterogeneity of tumours and their associated microenvironments,we observe greater tumour diversity in H-ChC than HCC and iCCA.H-ChC exhibits weaker immune cell infiltration and greater CD8+exhausted T cell(Tex)dysfunction than HCC and iCCA.Then we defined two broad cell states of 6,852 CD8+Tex cells:GZMK+CD8+Tex cells and terminal CD8+Tex cells.GZMK+CD8+Tex cells exhibited higher infiltration of after treatment in H-ChC,the effector scores and expression of the immune checkpoints of them greatly increased after immunotherapy,which indicated that H-ChC might be more sensitive than HCC or iCCA to immunotherapy.Conclusions:In this paper,H-ChC was explored,hoping to contribute to the study of mixed tumours in other cancers.

万寿菊再生体系的建立及优化

以40个不同基因型万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)叶片为外植体,在相同条件下诱导不定芽分化,获得最佳再生基因型;然后分析不同激素组合、外植体切口方式、固化剂及蔗糖对万寿菊再生和玻璃化影响;最后对不同类型的伸长培养基进行探索。结果表明,最佳再生基因型为里程碑·黄色;最佳再生培养基为MS+0.2 mg·L^(-1)TDZ+0.5 mg·L^(-1)IBA+8 g·L^(-1)琼脂+40g·L^(-1)蔗糖,再生率达70%,玻璃化率降低至16%;最适再生的小叶部位为全小叶;最适伸长培养基为MS+8 g·L^(-1)琼脂+30g·L^(-1)蔗糖,伸长率达91.3%。该研究建立了高效稳定的万寿菊再生体系,解决了万寿菊再生过程中严重的玻璃化问题,可为万寿菊的遗传改良和基因功能研究奠定基础。

大口径反射镜低应力夹持优化设计

为了同时满足激光装置对大口径反射镜面形精度和结构稳定性的控制要求,提出了一种反射镜多自由度解耦的多点夹持方式,通过限位实现对反射镜多自由度的控制,以此避免由夹持带来的附加面形。采用有限元法分析了所提方式的有效性,并通过实验验证了分析方法及该夹持方式的可行性,结果表明采用该反射镜夹持方式带来的附加面形较小,满足反射镜低应力附加夹持面形的要求。在此基础上,对45°倾斜放置的反射镜的面形进行了模拟,探究了不同夹持点位置分布对反射镜面形精度的影响规律,模拟结果表明:为了保证反射镜的面形精度,至少要有一个夹持点位于反射镜的长边。该研究成果对大口径反射镜夹持设计具有重要的指导意义。

资质过剩感对家庭的溢出效应:资源保存理论的视角

由于高等教育的普及和全球经济的低迷,劳动力市场的竞争日趋激烈,资质过剩成为一种普遍现象。因此,资质过剩感受到了学者和管理者的广泛关注。然而,以往研究主要将资质过剩感的结果聚焦于工作领域,对员工家庭的影响缺乏关注。基于此,本研究根据资源保存理论,考察资质过剩感对员工家庭的影响机制,并探讨员工核心自我评价的调节作用。本研究以273名员工及其配偶为样本进行统计分析,研究结果表明,资质过剩感通过提高员工工作挫败感与心理困扰,从而诱发工作-家庭冲突,最终导致员工的贬损配偶行为。另外,上述中介效应的强度取决于员工核心自我评价。核心自我评价越高,上述中介效应越弱。本研究丰富和拓展了资质过剩感的结果变量和作用机制的相关文献,也为组织缓解员工资质过剩感的负面效应提供了理论依据和管理启示。

Optimization of parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol using TiO_2 as photocatalyist by response surface methodology

The experimental design methodology was applied for modeling and optimizing the operation parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol （CAP） using TiO 2 as photocatalyst in a photoreactor. Three experimental parameters （including pH, TiO 2 concentration and CAP initial concentration） were adopted to obtain the preliminary information. The multivariate experimental design was employed to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the degradation rate of CAP and three experimental parameters. The interaction effects and optimal parameters were obtained by using Design Expert software. The optimal values of the operation parameters under the related constraint conditions were found at pH 6.4, TiO 2 concentration of 0.94 g/L and CAP initial concentration of 19.97 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of CAP approached 85.97% under optimal conditions. The regression analysis with R 2 value of 0.9519 had a good agreement between the experimental results and the predictive values. In addition, pH and TiO 2 concentration had a significant influence on the degradation rate of CAP.