The potential of monitoring the movement of typhoons using the precipitable water vapor(PWV) has been confirmed. However, monitoring the movement of typhoon is focused on PWV, making it difficult to describe the movem...The potential of monitoring the movement of typhoons using the precipitable water vapor(PWV) has been confirmed. However, monitoring the movement of typhoon is focused on PWV, making it difficult to describe the movement of a typhoon in detail minutely and resulting in insufficient accuracy. Hence,based on PWV and meteorological data, we propose an improved typhoon monitoring mode. First, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5-derived PWV(ERA5-PWV) and the Global Navigation Satellite System-derived PWV(GNSS-PWV) were compared with the reference radiosonde PWV(RS-PWV). Then, using the PWV and atmospheric parameters derived from ERA5, we discussed the anomalous variations of PWV, pressure(P), precipitation, and wind speed during different typhoons. Finally, we compiled a list of critical factors related to typhoon movement, PWV and P. We developed an improved multi-factor typhoon monitoring mode(IMTM) with different models(i.e.,IMTM-I and IMTM-II) in different cases with a higher density of GNSS observation or only Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP) data. The IMTM was evaluated through the reference movement speeds of HATO and Mangkhut from the China Meteorological Observatory Typhoon Network(CMOTN). The results show that the root mean square(RMS) of the IMTM-I is 1.26 km/h based on ERA5-P and ERA5-PWV,and the absolute bias values are mostly within 2 km/h. Compared with the models considering the single factor ERA5-P/ERA5-PWV, the RMS of the IMTM-I is improved by 26.3% and 38.5%, respectively. The IMTM-II model manifests a residual of only 0.35 km/h. Compared with the single-factor model based on GNSS-PWV/P, the residual of the IMTM-II model is reduced by 90.8% and 84.1%, respectively. These results propose that the typhoon movement monitoring approach combining PWV and P has evident advantages over the single-factor model and is expected to supplement traditional typhoon monitoring.展开更多
Voice portrait technology has explored and established the relationship between speakers’ voices and their facialfeatures, aiming to generate corresponding facial characteristics by providing the voice of an unknown ...Voice portrait technology has explored and established the relationship between speakers’ voices and their facialfeatures, aiming to generate corresponding facial characteristics by providing the voice of an unknown speaker.Due to its powerful advantages in image generation, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have now beenwidely applied across various fields. The existing Voice2Face methods for voice portraits are primarily based onGANs trained on voice-face paired datasets. However, voice portrait models solely constructed on GANs facelimitations in image generation quality and struggle to maintain facial similarity. Additionally, the training processis relatively unstable, thereby affecting the overall generative performance of the model. To overcome the abovechallenges,wepropose a novel deepGenerativeAdversarialNetworkmodel for audio-visual synthesis, namedAVPGAN(Attention-enhanced Voice Portrait Model using Generative Adversarial Network). This model is based ona convolutional attention mechanism and is capable of generating corresponding facial images from the voice ofan unknown speaker. Firstly, to address the issue of training instability, we integrate convolutional neural networkswith deep GANs. In the network architecture, we apply spectral normalization to constrain the variation of thediscriminator, preventing issues such as mode collapse. Secondly, to enhance the model’s ability to extract relevantfeatures between the two modalities, we propose a voice portrait model based on convolutional attention. Thismodel learns the mapping relationship between voice and facial features in a common space from both channeland spatial dimensions independently. Thirdly, to enhance the quality of generated faces, we have incorporated adegradation removal module and utilized pretrained facial GANs as facial priors to repair and enhance the clarityof the generated facial images. Experimental results demonstrate that our AVP-GAN achieved a cosine similarity of0.511, outperforming the performance of our comparison model, and effectively achieved the generation of highqualityfacial images corresponding to a speaker’s voice.展开更多
Instance co-segmentation aims to segment the co-occurrent instances among two images.This task heavily relies on instance-related cues provided by co-peaks,which are generally estimated by exhaustively exploiting all ...Instance co-segmentation aims to segment the co-occurrent instances among two images.This task heavily relies on instance-related cues provided by co-peaks,which are generally estimated by exhaustively exploiting all paired candidates in point-to-point patterns.However,such patterns could yield a high number of false-positive co-peaks,resulting in over-segmentation whenever there are mutual occlusions.To tackle with this issue,this paper proposes an instance co-segmentation method via tensor-based salient co-peak search(TSCPS-ICS).The proposed method explores high-order correlations via triple-to-triple matching among feature maps to find reliable co-peaks with the help of co-saliency detection.The proposed method is shown to capture more accurate intra-peaks and inter-peaks among feature maps,reducing the false-positive rate of co-peak search.Upon having accurate co-peaks,one can efficiently infer responses of the targeted instance.Experiments on four benchmark datasets validate the superior performance of the proposed method.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to determine the association of urinary levels of estradiol(E_(2))and 2-methoxyestradiol(2-MeOE_(2))with the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.Methods In this case-con...Objective The aim of the study was to determine the association of urinary levels of estradiol(E_(2))and 2-methoxyestradiol(2-MeOE_(2))with the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.Methods In this case-control study,24-h urine specimens were collected from 28 postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer and 28 postmenopausal healthy female controls.The concentration of 2-MeOE_(2) was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction.The concentration of E_(2) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Estrogen levels were different between the patients with endometrial cancer and controls.The relative quantity of E_(2) in the case group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),whereas that of 2-MeOE_(2) was lower in the case group than that in the control group(P<0.05).The ratio of E_(2)-to-2-MeOE_(2) in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The results of this study indicate an imbalance of estrogen metabolites in endometrial carcinogenesis.Reduced 2-MeOE_(2) levels and elevated E_(2)-to-2-MeOE_(2) ratio may be used as potential biomarkers for the risk assessment of estrogen-induced endometrial cancer.展开更多
The current study analyzes the contribution of 10 water quality parameters(including pH,turbidity,conductivity,total dissolved solids(TDS),hardness,total organic carbon(TOC),alkalinity,calcium ions,chlorides and sulfa...The current study analyzes the contribution of 10 water quality parameters(including pH,turbidity,conductivity,total dissolved solids(TDS),hardness,total organic carbon(TOC),alkalinity,calcium ions,chlorides and sulfates) to corrosion extent of stainless steel valves taken from different locations in a reverse osmosis system of a reclaimed water plant.The valves were in service for 5 years.Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are conducted to quantify corrosion products on different valves under various water quality conditions.On that basis,bivariate and multivariate regression analyses between the 10 water quality parameters and the corrosion extent of valve specimens(represented by metal loss percentage(MLP) values) are carried out to check the contribution of those water quality parameters to MLP.The results indicate that the proportions of metal oxides as corrosion products vary according to the corrosion extent of the valves.Although no linear correlation is founds all 10 water quality parameters except for pH show a significant positive correlation with the MLP values of the valve specimens.Moreover,results of multivariate regression suggest that the variation of MLP can be explained by turbidity,TDS,TOC and sulfates.A positive contribution of turbidity,TDS and TOC to MLP is observed,whereas the contribution of sulfates is negative.The results from the current work help to identify the reasons for water quality-induced failure of stainless steel equipment in RO systems.展开更多
Diancangshan metamorphic massif is one of the four metamorphic massifs developed along the Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone, Yunnan, China. It has experienced multi-stage metamorphism and deformation, especi...Diancangshan metamorphic massif is one of the four metamorphic massifs developed along the Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone, Yunnan, China. It has experienced multi-stage metamorphism and deformation, especially since the late Oligocene it widely suffered high-temperature ductile shear deformation and exhumation of the metamorphic rocks from the deep crust to the shallow surface. Based on the previous research and geological field work, this paper presents a detailed study on deformation and metamorphism, and exhumation of deep metamorphic rocks within the Diancangshan metamorphic massif,especially focusing on the low-temperature overprinted retrogression metamorphism and deformation of mylonitic rocks. With the combinated experimental techniques of optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction attachmented on field-emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence, our contribution reports the microstructure, lattice preferred orientations of the deformed minerals, and the changes of mineral composition phases of the superposition low-temperature retrograde mylonites. All these results indicate that:(1) Diancangshan deep metamorphic rock has experienced early high-temperature leftlateral shear deformation and late extension with rapid exhumation, the low-temperature retrogression metamorphism and deformation overprinted the high-temperature metamorphism, and the high-temperature microstructure and texture are in part or entirely altered by subsequent low-temperature shearing;(2) the superposition of low-temperature deformation-metamorphism occurs at the ductile-brittle transition; and(3) the fluid is quite active during the syn-tectonic shearing overprinted lowtemperature deformation and metamorphism. The dynamic recrystallization and/or fractures to micro-fractures result in the strongly fine-grained of the main minerals, and present strain localization in micro-domians, such as micro-shear zones in the mylonites. It is often accompanied by the decrease of rock strength and finally influences the rheology of the whole rock during further deformation and exhumation of the Diancangshan massif.展开更多
This paper presents a method for directly analyzing the stability of complex-DDEs on the basis of stability switches. Two novel criteria are developed for the stability of a class of complex- DDEs. These results not o...This paper presents a method for directly analyzing the stability of complex-DDEs on the basis of stability switches. Two novel criteria are developed for the stability of a class of complex- DDEs. These results not only generalize some known results in literature but also greatly reduce the complexity of analysis and computation. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria, the stabilization problem of the extended time delay auto-synchronization (ETDAS) control and n time delay auto-synchronization (NTDAS) control are then further investigated, respectively. The numerical simulations are consistent with the above theoretical analysis.展开更多
Structural colors are colors generated by the interaction between incident light and nanostructures.Structural colors have been studied for decades due to their promising advantages of long-term stability and environm...Structural colors are colors generated by the interaction between incident light and nanostructures.Structural colors have been studied for decades due to their promising advantages of long-term stability and environmentally friendly properties compared with conventional pigments and dyes.Previous studies have demonstrated many artificial structural colors inspired by naturally generated colors from plants and animals.Moreover,many strategies consisting of different principles have been reported to achieve dynamically tunable structural colors.Furthermore,the artificial structural colors can have multiple functions besides decoration,such as absorbing solar energy,anti-counterfeiting,and information encryption.In the present work,we reviewed the typical artificial structural colors generated by multilayer films,photonic crystals,and metasurfaces according to the type of structures,and discussed the approaches to achieve dynamically tunable structural colors.展开更多
In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([OMIM][PF6])have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature.The results indicated that[O...In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([OMIM][PF6])have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature.The results indicated that[OMIM][PF6]experienced a phase transition at about4.12 GPa during compression,and it was thought as a phase transition of liquid to a superpressurized glass.Upon decompression,from the obvious change of Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]at about 0.48 GPa,it could be inferred that a decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in[OMIM][PF6]occurred.The phase behavior of[OMIM][PF6]at low temperature under atmospheric pressure was also investigated in detail.The result showed that Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]varied slightly and no crystallization occurred upon cooling.These facts suggested that a disorder to order phase transition was induced by decompression in[OMIM][PF6],and[OMIM][PF6]served as a superpressurized glass under the pressure above4.12 GPa,which was similar to the glassy state at low temperature.展开更多
Localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)in metal nanostructures have been a central subject of nano-photonics due to their ability to manipulate light beyond the optical diffraction limit.Nevertheless,the large int...Localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)in metal nanostructures have been a central subject of nano-photonics due to their ability to manipulate light beyond the optical diffraction limit.Nevertheless,the large intrinsic dissipations of LSPRs have severely hindered their applications,so the on-demand control of the LSPR modes is highly desired and remains open yet.Here,we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the plasmon mode can be effectively engineered by interacting with constructive or destructive modes supported by film interference.When a metal nanoparticle interacts with a constructive mode,the dissipation linewidth of its LSPR mode shows a significant reduction of 58%.Simultaneously,the scattering intensity is remarkably enhanced,in vast favor of measuring weak signals from small nanoparticles.Furthermore,the film-destructiveinterference splitting in the scattering spectrum by weak coupling,rather than strong coupling,is revealed if the plasmon particles interact with the destructive mode,resulting in two new hybrid plasmon modes with narrow linewidths.The effective polarizability model of reshaping the LSPR modes by the film interference is present to well understand the experimental observations.Our work may pave the way toward low-loss plasmonic photonics and its practical applications.展开更多
In this work,ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)combining a fullerene derivative PC71BM with a nonfullerene acceptor N2200-F blended with a polymer donor PM6 were reported.Compared with the binary systems,the highest po...In this work,ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)combining a fullerene derivative PC71BM with a nonfullerene acceptor N2200-F blended with a polymer donor PM6 were reported.Compared with the binary systems,the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 8.11%was achieved in ternary solar cells with 30 wt%N2200-F content,mainly due to the improved short-circuit current density(Jsc)and fill factor(FF).Further studies showed that the improved Jsc could attribute to the complementary abso rption of the two acceptors and the enhanced FF was originated from the higher hole mobility and the fine-tuned morphology in the ternary system.These results demonstrate that the combination of fullere ne and nonfullerene acceptors in ternary organic solar cells is a promising approach to achieve high-performance OSCs.展开更多
Inorganic electronics are mainly based on complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)structures that use both ptype and n-type transistors.The complementary structures have promoted the achievement of logic circuit...Inorganic electronics are mainly based on complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)structures that use both ptype and n-type transistors.The complementary structures have promoted the achievement of logic circuits with low power consumption and good noise margin(NM).Compared with inorganic semiconductors,organic solution-processable ambipolar polymers are promising materials for complementary technology[1,2].Ambipolar polymers as single-component semiconductors in CMOS-like circuits maintain the attraction of low cost and easy fabrication[3].In practical application,CMOS-like circuits are expected to employ ambipolar field-effect transistor(FET)based inverters with high gain and good NM[4].However,high-gain inverters with good NM(Table S1 online)are difficult to achieve due to the lack of ambipolar polymers with balanced hole/electron mobilities(lh/le)and threshold voltages.Ambipolar polymers can be obtained by fine-tuning both the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)levels to match well with work function of Au electrodes(WF,4.7–5.2 eV)[5](Fig.S1a online).However,most polymers based on common acceptors only display unipolar(p-type or n-type)transport due to their wide bandgaps(>1.2 eV)and inappropriate energy levels[6].For example,isoindigo-based polymers generally show p-type semiconducting behaviors owing to their high-lying LUMO levels,which is unfavorable for electron injection(Fig.S1b online).展开更多
An isoindigo-based "double-cable" conjugated polymer bearing perylene bisimide side units was developed via Stille polymerization for application in single-component polymer solar cells, in which a power conversion ...An isoindigo-based "double-cable" conjugated polymer bearing perylene bisimide side units was developed via Stille polymerization for application in single-component polymer solar cells, in which a power conversion efficiency of 1% with broad photo-response from 300 nm to 800 nm was achieved. There is no evidence of large phase separation confirmed by AFM images and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The space charge limit current measurements and light intensity dependence measurements indicate that the low electron mobility and the significant recombination of pho- togenerated charge carriers in active layer mainly account for the low performance of our solar cells. Our results suggest that these "double-cable" are oromising candidates for use in single-component polymer solar cells with NIR photoresponse.展开更多
Three "double-cable" conjugated polymers with thienopyrroledione-based backbone and perylene bisimide as side units were designed as electron acceptor for polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymers show broad...Three "double-cable" conjugated polymers with thienopyrroledione-based backbone and perylene bisimide as side units were designed as electron acceptor for polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymers show broad absorption spectra and low-lying frontier energy levels due to both aromatic backbone and side units. The new double-cable polymers can be used as electron acceptor to combine with several electron donors, in which power conversion efficiencies above 3% could be achieved.展开更多
Tropospheric delay is an important factor affecting high precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)positioning and also the basic data for GNSS atmospheric research.However,the existing tropospheric delay mode...Tropospheric delay is an important factor affecting high precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)positioning and also the basic data for GNSS atmospheric research.However,the existing tropospheric delay models have some problems,such as only a single function used for the entire atmosphere.In this paper,an ERA5-based(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis)global model for vertical adjustment of Zenith Tropospheric Delay(ZTD)using a piecewise function is developed.The ZTD data at 611 radiosonde stations and the MERRA-2(second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications)atmospheric reanalysis data were used to validate the model reliability.The Global Zenith Tropospheric Delay Piecewise(GZTD-P)model has excellent performance compared with the Global Pressure and Temperature(GPT3)model.Validated at radiosonde stations,the performance of the GZTD-P model was improved by 0.96 cm(23%)relative to the GPT3 model.Validated with MERRA-2 data,the quality of the GZTD-P model is improved by 1.8 cm(50%)compared to the GPT3 model,showing better accuracy and stability.The ZTD vertical adjustment model with different resolutions was established to enrich the model's applicability and speed up the process of tropospheric delay calculation.By providing model parameters with different resolutions,users can choose the appropriate model according to their applications.展开更多
Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs ...Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs have large room for improvement.In this work,by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering,we developed four A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs,which we refer to as EH-4F,C4-4F,EH-4Cl,and C4-4Cl.Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation,leading to ineffectiveπ-πstackings in EH-4F and C4-4F,whereas no such dimer was found in EH-4Cl and C4-4Cl after replacing with 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone.Moreover,although the shorter n-butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4-4Cl,EH-4Cl(2-ethylhexyl substitution)with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face-on orientation in thin film,which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 13.0%is obtained for EH-4Cl-based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70.This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high-performance A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China (2020GXNSFBA297145,Guike AD23026177)the Foundation of Guilin University of Technology(GUTQDJJ6616032)+3 种基金Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics (21-238-21-05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42064002,42004025,42074035,42204006)the Innovative Training Program Foundation (202210596015,202210596402)the Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(gran 230100020,230100019)。
文摘The potential of monitoring the movement of typhoons using the precipitable water vapor(PWV) has been confirmed. However, monitoring the movement of typhoon is focused on PWV, making it difficult to describe the movement of a typhoon in detail minutely and resulting in insufficient accuracy. Hence,based on PWV and meteorological data, we propose an improved typhoon monitoring mode. First, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5-derived PWV(ERA5-PWV) and the Global Navigation Satellite System-derived PWV(GNSS-PWV) were compared with the reference radiosonde PWV(RS-PWV). Then, using the PWV and atmospheric parameters derived from ERA5, we discussed the anomalous variations of PWV, pressure(P), precipitation, and wind speed during different typhoons. Finally, we compiled a list of critical factors related to typhoon movement, PWV and P. We developed an improved multi-factor typhoon monitoring mode(IMTM) with different models(i.e.,IMTM-I and IMTM-II) in different cases with a higher density of GNSS observation or only Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP) data. The IMTM was evaluated through the reference movement speeds of HATO and Mangkhut from the China Meteorological Observatory Typhoon Network(CMOTN). The results show that the root mean square(RMS) of the IMTM-I is 1.26 km/h based on ERA5-P and ERA5-PWV,and the absolute bias values are mostly within 2 km/h. Compared with the models considering the single factor ERA5-P/ERA5-PWV, the RMS of the IMTM-I is improved by 26.3% and 38.5%, respectively. The IMTM-II model manifests a residual of only 0.35 km/h. Compared with the single-factor model based on GNSS-PWV/P, the residual of the IMTM-II model is reduced by 90.8% and 84.1%, respectively. These results propose that the typhoon movement monitoring approach combining PWV and P has evident advantages over the single-factor model and is expected to supplement traditional typhoon monitoring.
基金the Double First-Class Innovation Research Projectfor People’s Public Security University of China (No. 2023SYL08).
文摘Voice portrait technology has explored and established the relationship between speakers’ voices and their facialfeatures, aiming to generate corresponding facial characteristics by providing the voice of an unknown speaker.Due to its powerful advantages in image generation, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have now beenwidely applied across various fields. The existing Voice2Face methods for voice portraits are primarily based onGANs trained on voice-face paired datasets. However, voice portrait models solely constructed on GANs facelimitations in image generation quality and struggle to maintain facial similarity. Additionally, the training processis relatively unstable, thereby affecting the overall generative performance of the model. To overcome the abovechallenges,wepropose a novel deepGenerativeAdversarialNetworkmodel for audio-visual synthesis, namedAVPGAN(Attention-enhanced Voice Portrait Model using Generative Adversarial Network). This model is based ona convolutional attention mechanism and is capable of generating corresponding facial images from the voice ofan unknown speaker. Firstly, to address the issue of training instability, we integrate convolutional neural networkswith deep GANs. In the network architecture, we apply spectral normalization to constrain the variation of thediscriminator, preventing issues such as mode collapse. Secondly, to enhance the model’s ability to extract relevantfeatures between the two modalities, we propose a voice portrait model based on convolutional attention. Thismodel learns the mapping relationship between voice and facial features in a common space from both channeland spatial dimensions independently. Thirdly, to enhance the quality of generated faces, we have incorporated adegradation removal module and utilized pretrained facial GANs as facial priors to repair and enhance the clarityof the generated facial images. Experimental results demonstrate that our AVP-GAN achieved a cosine similarity of0.511, outperforming the performance of our comparison model, and effectively achieved the generation of highqualityfacial images corresponding to a speaker’s voice.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U21A20520,62172112)the Key-Area Research and Development of Guangdong Province (2022A0505050014,2020B1111190001)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0112200)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangzhou City (202206030009).
文摘Instance co-segmentation aims to segment the co-occurrent instances among two images.This task heavily relies on instance-related cues provided by co-peaks,which are generally estimated by exhaustively exploiting all paired candidates in point-to-point patterns.However,such patterns could yield a high number of false-positive co-peaks,resulting in over-segmentation whenever there are mutual occlusions.To tackle with this issue,this paper proposes an instance co-segmentation method via tensor-based salient co-peak search(TSCPS-ICS).The proposed method explores high-order correlations via triple-to-triple matching among feature maps to find reliable co-peaks with the help of co-saliency detection.The proposed method is shown to capture more accurate intra-peaks and inter-peaks among feature maps,reducing the false-positive rate of co-peak search.Upon having accurate co-peaks,one can efficiently infer responses of the targeted instance.Experiments on four benchmark datasets validate the superior performance of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the Hebei Province Medical Science Research Key Project(No.20210276).
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to determine the association of urinary levels of estradiol(E_(2))and 2-methoxyestradiol(2-MeOE_(2))with the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.Methods In this case-control study,24-h urine specimens were collected from 28 postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer and 28 postmenopausal healthy female controls.The concentration of 2-MeOE_(2) was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction.The concentration of E_(2) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Estrogen levels were different between the patients with endometrial cancer and controls.The relative quantity of E_(2) in the case group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),whereas that of 2-MeOE_(2) was lower in the case group than that in the control group(P<0.05).The ratio of E_(2)-to-2-MeOE_(2) in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The results of this study indicate an imbalance of estrogen metabolites in endometrial carcinogenesis.Reduced 2-MeOE_(2) levels and elevated E_(2)-to-2-MeOE_(2) ratio may be used as potential biomarkers for the risk assessment of estrogen-induced endometrial cancer.
基金financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0705900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A6002,22275058,and 22109046)+2 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2019ZT08L075)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120008)the Start-up Founding Research and Cultivation Project funded by Ningbo University of Technology(2022KQ65 and 2022TS03)。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2018M631495)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51808312,51879139)the National Key Research and Development Program of China for International Science & Innovation Cooperation Major Project between Governments (No.2016YFE0118800).
文摘The current study analyzes the contribution of 10 water quality parameters(including pH,turbidity,conductivity,total dissolved solids(TDS),hardness,total organic carbon(TOC),alkalinity,calcium ions,chlorides and sulfates) to corrosion extent of stainless steel valves taken from different locations in a reverse osmosis system of a reclaimed water plant.The valves were in service for 5 years.Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are conducted to quantify corrosion products on different valves under various water quality conditions.On that basis,bivariate and multivariate regression analyses between the 10 water quality parameters and the corrosion extent of valve specimens(represented by metal loss percentage(MLP) values) are carried out to check the contribution of those water quality parameters to MLP.The results indicate that the proportions of metal oxides as corrosion products vary according to the corrosion extent of the valves.Although no linear correlation is founds all 10 water quality parameters except for pH show a significant positive correlation with the MLP values of the valve specimens.Moreover,results of multivariate regression suggest that the variation of MLP can be explained by turbidity,TDS,TOC and sulfates.A positive contribution of turbidity,TDS and TOC to MLP is observed,whereas the contribution of sulfates is negative.The results from the current work help to identify the reasons for water quality-induced failure of stainless steel equipment in RO systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2017YFC0602401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41472188)the Excellent Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41722207)
文摘Diancangshan metamorphic massif is one of the four metamorphic massifs developed along the Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone, Yunnan, China. It has experienced multi-stage metamorphism and deformation, especially since the late Oligocene it widely suffered high-temperature ductile shear deformation and exhumation of the metamorphic rocks from the deep crust to the shallow surface. Based on the previous research and geological field work, this paper presents a detailed study on deformation and metamorphism, and exhumation of deep metamorphic rocks within the Diancangshan metamorphic massif,especially focusing on the low-temperature overprinted retrogression metamorphism and deformation of mylonitic rocks. With the combinated experimental techniques of optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction attachmented on field-emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence, our contribution reports the microstructure, lattice preferred orientations of the deformed minerals, and the changes of mineral composition phases of the superposition low-temperature retrograde mylonites. All these results indicate that:(1) Diancangshan deep metamorphic rock has experienced early high-temperature leftlateral shear deformation and late extension with rapid exhumation, the low-temperature retrogression metamorphism and deformation overprinted the high-temperature metamorphism, and the high-temperature microstructure and texture are in part or entirely altered by subsequent low-temperature shearing;(2) the superposition of low-temperature deformation-metamorphism occurs at the ductile-brittle transition; and(3) the fluid is quite active during the syn-tectonic shearing overprinted lowtemperature deformation and metamorphism. The dynamic recrystallization and/or fractures to micro-fractures result in the strongly fine-grained of the main minerals, and present strain localization in micro-domians, such as micro-shear zones in the mylonites. It is often accompanied by the decrease of rock strength and finally influences the rheology of the whole rock during further deformation and exhumation of the Diancangshan massif.
基金This work was supported by National'Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grant No. 10825207, and in part by Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China under Grant No. 200430.
文摘This paper presents a method for directly analyzing the stability of complex-DDEs on the basis of stability switches. Two novel criteria are developed for the stability of a class of complex- DDEs. These results not only generalize some known results in literature but also greatly reduce the complexity of analysis and computation. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria, the stabilization problem of the extended time delay auto-synchronization (ETDAS) control and n time delay auto-synchronization (NTDAS) control are then further investigated, respectively. The numerical simulations are consistent with the above theoretical analysis.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11874376),Shanghai Science and Technology Foundations(18590712600,18DZ2282200,19DZ2293400,19ZR1465900),Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01),and the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2020VTA0009,2020PT0020,2021PT0007).
文摘Structural colors are colors generated by the interaction between incident light and nanostructures.Structural colors have been studied for decades due to their promising advantages of long-term stability and environmentally friendly properties compared with conventional pigments and dyes.Previous studies have demonstrated many artificial structural colors inspired by naturally generated colors from plants and animals.Moreover,many strategies consisting of different principles have been reported to achieve dynamically tunable structural colors.Furthermore,the artificial structural colors can have multiple functions besides decoration,such as absorbing solar energy,anti-counterfeiting,and information encryption.In the present work,we reviewed the typical artificial structural colors generated by multilayer films,photonic crystals,and metasurfaces according to the type of structures,and discussed the approaches to achieve dynamically tunable structural colors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21273206)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(2010GGJS-110)
文摘In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([OMIM][PF6])have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature.The results indicated that[OMIM][PF6]experienced a phase transition at about4.12 GPa during compression,and it was thought as a phase transition of liquid to a superpressurized glass.Upon decompression,from the obvious change of Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]at about 0.48 GPa,it could be inferred that a decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in[OMIM][PF6]occurred.The phase behavior of[OMIM][PF6]at low temperature under atmospheric pressure was also investigated in detail.The result showed that Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]varied slightly and no crystallization occurred upon cooling.These facts suggested that a disorder to order phase transition was induced by decompression in[OMIM][PF6],and[OMIM][PF6]served as a superpressurized glass under the pressure above4.12 GPa,which was similar to the glassy state at low temperature.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1400800)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2018B030329001)+1 种基金the Guangdong Special Support Program(Grant No.2019JC05X397)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.232300421141)。
文摘Localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)in metal nanostructures have been a central subject of nano-photonics due to their ability to manipulate light beyond the optical diffraction limit.Nevertheless,the large intrinsic dissipations of LSPRs have severely hindered their applications,so the on-demand control of the LSPR modes is highly desired and remains open yet.Here,we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the plasmon mode can be effectively engineered by interacting with constructive or destructive modes supported by film interference.When a metal nanoparticle interacts with a constructive mode,the dissipation linewidth of its LSPR mode shows a significant reduction of 58%.Simultaneously,the scattering intensity is remarkably enhanced,in vast favor of measuring weak signals from small nanoparticles.Furthermore,the film-destructiveinterference splitting in the scattering spectrum by weak coupling,rather than strong coupling,is revealed if the plasmon particles interact with the destructive mode,resulting in two new hybrid plasmon modes with narrow linewidths.The effective polarizability model of reshaping the LSPR modes by the film interference is present to well understand the experimental observations.Our work may pave the way toward low-loss plasmonic photonics and its practical applications.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(MOST,Nos.2018YFA0208504,2017YFA0204702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51773207,21574138,51603209,91633301)+2 种基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB12030200)of the Chinese Academy of SciencesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XK1802-2)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,CAS.
文摘In this work,ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)combining a fullerene derivative PC71BM with a nonfullerene acceptor N2200-F blended with a polymer donor PM6 were reported.Compared with the binary systems,the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 8.11%was achieved in ternary solar cells with 30 wt%N2200-F content,mainly due to the improved short-circuit current density(Jsc)and fill factor(FF).Further studies showed that the improved Jsc could attribute to the complementary abso rption of the two acceptors and the enhanced FF was originated from the higher hole mobility and the fine-tuned morphology in the ternary system.These results demonstrate that the combination of fullere ne and nonfullerene acceptors in ternary organic solar cells is a promising approach to achieve high-performance OSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61890940,21922511,91833306,and 91833304)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0703200)+2 种基金the CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDY-SSWSLH029)Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB30000000)the CAS-Croucher Funding Scheme for Joint Laboratories,and the CAS Cooperation Project(121111KYSB20200036)。
文摘Inorganic electronics are mainly based on complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)structures that use both ptype and n-type transistors.The complementary structures have promoted the achievement of logic circuits with low power consumption and good noise margin(NM).Compared with inorganic semiconductors,organic solution-processable ambipolar polymers are promising materials for complementary technology[1,2].Ambipolar polymers as single-component semiconductors in CMOS-like circuits maintain the attraction of low cost and easy fabrication[3].In practical application,CMOS-like circuits are expected to employ ambipolar field-effect transistor(FET)based inverters with high gain and good NM[4].However,high-gain inverters with good NM(Table S1 online)are difficult to achieve due to the lack of ambipolar polymers with balanced hole/electron mobilities(lh/le)and threshold voltages.Ambipolar polymers can be obtained by fine-tuning both the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)levels to match well with work function of Au electrodes(WF,4.7–5.2 eV)[5](Fig.S1a online).However,most polymers based on common acceptors only display unipolar(p-type or n-type)transport due to their wide bandgaps(>1.2 eV)and inappropriate energy levels[6].For example,isoindigo-based polymers generally show p-type semiconducting behaviors owing to their high-lying LUMO levels,which is unfavorable for electron injection(Fig.S1b online).
文摘An isoindigo-based "double-cable" conjugated polymer bearing perylene bisimide side units was developed via Stille polymerization for application in single-component polymer solar cells, in which a power conversion efficiency of 1% with broad photo-response from 300 nm to 800 nm was achieved. There is no evidence of large phase separation confirmed by AFM images and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The space charge limit current measurements and light intensity dependence measurements indicate that the low electron mobility and the significant recombination of pho- togenerated charge carriers in active layer mainly account for the low performance of our solar cells. Our results suggest that these "double-cable" are oromising candidates for use in single-component polymer solar cells with NIR photoresponse.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0204702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773207,21574138,51603209,91633301)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB12030200)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Recruitment Program of Global Youth Experts of Chinathe Director,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,of the US Department of Energy(DE-AC02-05CH11231)
文摘Three "double-cable" conjugated polymers with thienopyrroledione-based backbone and perylene bisimide as side units were designed as electron acceptor for polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymers show broad absorption spectra and low-lying frontier energy levels due to both aromatic backbone and side units. The new double-cable polymers can be used as electron acceptor to combine with several electron donors, in which power conversion efficiencies above 3% could be achieved.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41704027)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2020GXNSFBA297145,2020GXNSFBA159033)“Ba Gui Scholars”program of the provincial government of Guangxi.
文摘Tropospheric delay is an important factor affecting high precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)positioning and also the basic data for GNSS atmospheric research.However,the existing tropospheric delay models have some problems,such as only a single function used for the entire atmosphere.In this paper,an ERA5-based(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis)global model for vertical adjustment of Zenith Tropospheric Delay(ZTD)using a piecewise function is developed.The ZTD data at 611 radiosonde stations and the MERRA-2(second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications)atmospheric reanalysis data were used to validate the model reliability.The Global Zenith Tropospheric Delay Piecewise(GZTD-P)model has excellent performance compared with the Global Pressure and Temperature(GPT3)model.Validated at radiosonde stations,the performance of the GZTD-P model was improved by 0.96 cm(23%)relative to the GPT3 model.Validated with MERRA-2 data,the quality of the GZTD-P model is improved by 1.8 cm(50%)compared to the GPT3 model,showing better accuracy and stability.The ZTD vertical adjustment model with different resolutions was established to enrich the model's applicability and speed up the process of tropospheric delay calculation.By providing model parameters with different resolutions,users can choose the appropriate model according to their applications.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705900National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22275058,U20A6002,22109046+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022B1515120008,2022A1515011417Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,Grant/Award Number:2019ZT08L075。
文摘Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs have large room for improvement.In this work,by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering,we developed four A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs,which we refer to as EH-4F,C4-4F,EH-4Cl,and C4-4Cl.Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation,leading to ineffectiveπ-πstackings in EH-4F and C4-4F,whereas no such dimer was found in EH-4Cl and C4-4Cl after replacing with 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone.Moreover,although the shorter n-butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4-4Cl,EH-4Cl(2-ethylhexyl substitution)with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face-on orientation in thin film,which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 13.0%is obtained for EH-4Cl-based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70.This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high-performance A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs.