Global climate change:impact of heat waves under different definitions on daily mortality in Wuhan,China

Background:There was no consistent definition for heat wave worldwide,while a limited number of studies have compared the mortality effect of heat wave as defined differently.This paper aimed to provide epidemiological evidence for policy makers to determine the most appropriate definition for local heat wave warning systems.Methods:We developed 45 heat wave definitions(HWs)combining temperature indicators and temperature thresholds with durations.We then assessed the impact of heat waves under various definitions on non-accidental mortality in hot season(May-September)in Wuhan,China during 2003-2010.Results:Heat waves defined by HW14(daily mean temperature≥99.0th percentile and duration≥3 days)had the best predictive ability in assessing the mortality effects of heat wave with the relative risk of 1.63(95%CI:1.43,1.89)for total mortality.The group-specific mortality risk using official heat wave definition of Chinese Meteorological Administration was much smaller than that using HW14.We also found that women,and the elderly(age≥65)were more susceptible to heat wave effects which were stronger and longer lasting.Conclusion:These findings suggest that region specific heat wave definitions are crucial and necessary for developing efficient local heat warning systems and for providing evidence for policy makers to protect the vulnerable population.

Decouple charge transfer reactions in the Li-ion battery

In the development of Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy/power density,long cycle-life,fast charging,and high safety,an insight into charge transfer reactions is required.Although electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is regarded as a powerful diagnosis tool,it is not a direct but an indirect measurement.With respect to this,some critical questions need to be answered:(i)why EIS can reflect the kinetics of charge transfer reactions;(ii)what the inherent logical relationship between impedance models under different physical scenes is;(iii)how charge transfer reactions compete with each other at multiple scales.This work aims at answering these questions via developing a theory framework so as to mitigate the blindness and uncertainty in unveiling charge transfer reactions in LIBs.To systematically answer the above questions,this article is organized into a three-in-one(review,tutorial,and research)type and the following contributions are made:(i)a brief review is given for impedance model development of the LIBs over the past half century;(ii)an open source code toolbox is developed based on the unified impedance model;(iii)the competive mechanisms of charge transfer reactions are unveiled based on the developed EIS-Toolbox@LIB.This work not only clarifies theoretical fundamentals,but also provides an easy-to-use open source code for EIS-Toolbox@LIB to optimize fast charge/discharge,mitigate cycle aging,and improve energy/power density.

Toward Establishing a Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network(LUCCN):First Integrated Campaign in China

In this study,we introduce our newly developed measurement-fed-perception self-adaption Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network(LUCCN)prototype.The LUCCN primarily consists of two categories of instruments,including ground-based and UAV-based in-situ measurement.We use the GMP343,a low-cost non-dispersive infrared sensor,in both ground-based and UAV-based instruments.The first integrated measurement campaign took place in Shenzhen,China,4 May 2023.During the campaign,we found that LUCCN’s UAV component presented significant data-collecting advantages over its ground-based counterpart owing to the relatively high altitudes of the point emission sources,which was especially obvious at a gas power plant in Shenzhen.The emission flux was calculated by a crosssectional flux(CSF)method,the results of which differed from the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide(ODIAC).The CSF result was slightly larger than others because of the low sampling rate of the whole emission cross section.The LUCCN system will be applied in future carbon monitoring campaigns to increase the spatiotemporal coverage of carbon emission information,especially in scenarios involving the detection of smaller-scale,rapidly varying sources and sinks.

Incombustible solid polymer electrolytes:A critical review and perspective

Since the advent of the solid-state batteries,employing solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)to replace routine flammable liquid electrolytes is regarded to be one of the most promising solutions in pursing highenergy-density battery systems.SPEs with superior thermal stability,good processability,and high mechanical modulus obtain increasing attentions.However,SPE-based batteries are not impenetrable due to their decomposition and combustibility under extreme conditions.Researchers believe incorporating appropriate flame-retardant additives/solvents/fragments into SPEs can intrinsically reduce their flammability to solve the battery safety issues.In this review,the recent research progress of incombustible SPEs,with special emphasis on flame-retardant structural design,is summarized.Specifically,a brief introduction of flame-retardant mechanism,evaluation index for safety of SPEs,and a detailed overview of the latest advances on diverse-types SPEs in various battery systems are highlighted.The deep insight into thermal ru naway process,the free-standing incombustible GPEs,and the ratio nal design of pouch cell structures may be the main directions to motivate revolutionary next-generation for safety batteries.

Phase-stable wide-bandgap perovskites enabled by suppressed ion migration

Wide-bandgap(>1.7 eV)perovskites suffer from severe light-induced phase segregation due to high bromine content,causing irreversible damage to devices stability.However,the strategies of suppressing photoinduced phase segregation and related mechanisms have not been fully disclosed.Here,we report a new passivation agent 4-aminotetrahydrothiopyran hydrochloride(4-ATpHCl)with multifunctional groups for the interface treatment of a 1.77-eV wide-bandgap perovskite film.4-ATpH^(+)impeded halogen ion migration by anchoring on the perovskite surface,leading to the inhibition of phase segregation and thus the passivation of defects,which is ascribed to the interaction of 4-ATpH^(+)with perovskite and the formation of low-dimensional perovskites.Finally,the champion device achieved an efficiency of 19.32%with an open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 1.314 V and a fill factor of 83.32%.Moreover,4-ATpHCl modified device exhibited significant improved stability as compared with control one.The target device maintained 80%of its initial efficiency after 519 h of maximum power output(MPP)tracking under 1 sun illumination,however,the control device showed a rapid decrease in efficiency after 267 h.Finally,an efficiency of 27.38%of the champion 4-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell was achieved by mechanically stacking this wide-bandgap top subcell with a 1.25-eV low-bandgap perovskite bottom subcell.

An anti-aliasing filtering of quantum images in spatial domain using a pyramid structure

As a part of quantum image processing,quantum image filtering is a crucial technology in the development of quantum computing.Low-pass filtering can effectively achieve anti-aliasing effects on images.Currently,most quantum image filterings are based on classical domains and grayscale images,and there are relatively fewer studies on anti-aliasing in the quantum domain.This paper proposes a scheme for anti-aliasing filtering based on quantum grayscale and color image scaling in the spatial domain.It achieves the effect of anti-aliasing filtering on quantum images during the scaling process.First,we use the novel enhanced quantum representation(NEQR)and the improved quantum representation of color images(INCQI)to represent classical images.Since aliasing phenomena are more pronounced when images are scaled down,this paper focuses only on the anti-aliasing effects in the case of reduction.Subsequently,we perform anti-aliasing filtering on the quantum representation of the original image and then use bilinear interpolation to scale down the image,achieving the anti-aliasing effect.The constructed pyramid model is then used to select an appropriate image for upscaling to the original image size.Finally,the complexity of the circuit is analyzed.Compared to the images experiencing aliasing effects solely due to scaling,applying anti-aliasing filtering to the images results in smoother and clearer outputs.Additionally,the anti-aliasing filtering allows for manual intervention to select the desired level of image smoothness.

Magnetic diagnostics layout design for CFETR plasma equilibrium reconstruction

Plasma equilibrium reconstruction provides essential information for tokamak operation and physical analysis.An extensive and reliable set of magnetic diagnostics is required to obtain accurate plasma equilibrium.This study designs and optimizes the magnetic diagnostics layout for the reconstruction of the equilibrium of the plasma according to the scientific objectives,engineering design parameters,and limitations of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).Based on the CFETR discharge simulation,magnetic measurement data are employed to reconstruct consistent plasma equilibrium parameters,and magnetic diagnostics'number and position are optimized by truncated Singular value decomposition,verifying the redundancy reliability of the magnetic diagnostics layout design.This provides a design solution for the layout of the magnetic diagnostics system required to control the plasma equilibrium of CFETR,and the developed design and optimization method can provide effective support to design magnetic diagnostics systems for future magnetic confinement fusion devices.

A Calculation Method of Double Strength Reduction for Layered Slope Based on the Reduction of Water Content Intensity

The calculation of the factor of safety(FOS)is an important means of slope evaluation.This paper proposed an improved double strength reductionmethod(DRM)to analyze the safety of layered slopes.The physical properties of different soil layers of the slopes are different,so the single coefficient strength reduction method(SRM)is not enough to reflect the actual critical state of the slopes.Considering that the water content of the soil in the natural state is the main factor for the strength of the soil,the attenuation law of shear strength of clayey soil changing with water content is fitted.This paper also establishes the functional relationship between different reduction coefficients.Then,a USDFLD subroutine is programmed using the secondary development function of finite element software.Controlling the relationship between field variables and calculation time realizes double strength reduction applicable to the layered slope.Finally,by comparing the calculation results of different examples,it is proved that the stress and displacement distribution of the critical slope state obtained by the improved method is more realistic,and the calculated safety factor is more reliable.The newly proposedmethod considers the difference of intensity attenuation between different soil layers under natural conditions and avoids the disadvantage of the strength reduction method with uniform parameters,which provides a new idea and method for stability analysis of layered and complex slopes.

A machine learning-based strategy for predicting the mechanical strength of coral reef limestone using X-ray computed tomography

Different sedimentary zones in coral reefs lead to significant anisotropy in the pore structure of coral reef limestone(CRL),making it difficult to study mechanical behaviors.With X-ray computed tomography(CT),112 CRL samples were utilized for training the support vector machine(SVM)-,random forest(RF)-,and back propagation neural network(BPNN)-based models,respectively.Simultaneously,the machine learning model was embedded into genetic algorithm(GA)for parameter optimization to effectively predict uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CRL.Results indicate that the BPNN model with five hidden layers presents the best training effect in the data set of CRL.The SVM-based model shows a tendency to overfitting in the training set and poor generalization ability in the testing set.The RF-based model is suitable for training CRL samples with large data.Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient matrix and the percentage increment method of performance metrics shows that the dry density,pore structure,and porosity of CRL are strongly correlated to UCS.However,the P-wave velocity is almost uncorrelated to the UCS,which is significantly distinct from the law for homogenous geomaterials.In addition,the pore tensor proposed in this paper can effectively reflect the pore structure of coral framework limestone(CFL)and coral boulder limestone(CBL),realizing the quantitative characterization of the heterogeneity and anisotropy of pore.The pore tensor provides a feasible idea to establish the relationship between pore structure and mechanical behavior of CRL.

Fuel recycling feedback control via real-time boron powder injection in EAST with full metal wall

A feedback control of fuel recycling via real-time boron powder injection,addressing the issue of continuously increasing recycling in long-pulse plasma discharges,has been successfully developed and implemented on EAST tokamak.The feedback control system includes four main parts:the impurity powder dropper(IPD),a diagnostic system measuring fuel recycling level represented by D_(α)emission,a plasma control system(PCS)implementing the Proportional Integral Derivative(PID)algorithm,and a signal converter connecting the IPD and PCS.Based on this control system,both active control and feedback control experiments have recently been performed on EAST with a full metal wall.The experimental results show that the fuel recycling can be gradually reduced to lower level as PCS control voltage increases.In the feedback control experiments,it is also observed that the D_(α)emission is reduced to the level below the target D_(α)value by adjusting boron injection flow rate,indicating successful implementation of the fuel recycling feedback control on EAST.This technique provides a new method for fuel recycling control of long pulse and high parameter plasma operations in future fusion devices.

Hybrid bonding of GaAs and Si wafers at low temperature by Ar plasma activation

High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bonding strength reaches a maximum of 6.2 MPa.In addition,a thermal stress model for GaAs/Si wafers is established based on finite element analysis to obtain the distribution of equivalent stress and deformation variables at different temperatures.The shape varia-tion of the wafer is directly proportional to the annealing temperature.At an annealing temperature of 400℃,the maximum protrusion of 4 inches GaAs/Si wafers is 3.6 mm.The interface of GaAs/Si wafers is observed to be dense and defect-free using a transmission electron microscope.The characterization of interface elements by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy indi-cates that the elements at the interface undergo mutual diffusion,which is beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the interface.There is an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 5 nm at the bonding interface.The preparation of Si-based GaAs heterojunctions can enrich the types of materials required for the development of integrated circuits,improve the performance of materials and devices,and promote the development of microelectronics technology.

A Case Report on Treating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with a Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine

A case of progressive supranuclear palsy in a 66-year-old woman is presented.The patient complained of“progressive stiffness of both lower limbs for five years,accompanied by choking and coughing for more than 1 year,”and was diagnosed with paralysis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which was characterized by a deficiency of liver and kidney,and phlegm and blood stasis blocking the collaterals.Western medicine diagnosed it as progressive supranuclear palsy.The patient was diagnosed with“Parkinson’s disease”several times in the past and was given“polybasic hydrazide”and“amantadine hydrochloride tablets,”etc.The patient did not have significant symptomatic relief,so she sought further treatment with a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.Based on the concept of deficiency and excess,this disease is categorized as a paralytic disease in Chinese medicine,and the onset of the disease is closely related to the deficiency of the body after a long period of illness,with wind,phlegm,blood stasis,and deficiency as the main pathogenetic mechanism.The treatment is based on the combination of disease and evidence,with traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture as the main treatments,supplemented by intermediate-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation,transcranial repetitive magnetic stimulation,medicated canisters,wax therapy,traditional Chinese medicine guasha,and acupoint injections.Western medicine is based on symptomatic treatment,and the patient’s symptoms were relieved significantly after the combination of Chinese and Western medicine.

Discussion on Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Liver-Depression-Spleen-Deficiency Type Insomnia Based on the State-Target Theory and the Regulation of Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis

Insomnia has become an urgent clinical problem in modern society.Current research has found that the gut flora-gut-brain axis plays an important role in regulating insomnia.The state-target theory is a product of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and modern molecular biology technology.This paper clarifies the correlation between the state-target theory,the intestinal flora-gut-brain axis,and liver-depression-spleen-deficiency insomnia.The use of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate the structure and abundance of intestinal flora was also explored,aiming to integrate traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver-depression-spleen-deficiency insomnia.

Clinical Study on Improving Articulation Clarity in Spastic Cerebral Palsy with 120 Cases of Oral-Facial Acupressure Combined with Oral Placement Therapy

Objective:To observe the efficacy of oral-facial acupressure combined with oral placement therapy(OPT)in improving articulation clarity in 120 children with spastic cerebral palsy,and to explore effective therapeutic solutions for speech disorders associated with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:A total of 120 children with spastic cerebral palsy and speech disorders,meeting the inclusion criteria,were randomly assigned into two groups:60 cases in the treatment group and 60 cases in the control group.The treatment group received orofacial acupressure combined with OPT,while the control group received only OPT.The Oral Motor Function Assessment Scale(OMFAS),developed by the China Rehabilitation Research Centre(CRRC),was used to evaluate the treatment outcomes before and after the intervention.Results:After the treatment,both the treatment and control groups showed improved mobility of the mandible,lips,and tongue.However,the treatment group exhibited significantly better improvement than the control group,with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Oral-facial acupressure combined with OPT can effectively improve articulation clarity in children with spastic cerebral palsy.This combined therapy is recommended for clinical promotion and application.

能源与材料化学

能源与材料化学关乎人类的社会生活与文明进步。材料化学是推动人类文明的物质基础,而能源化学则是人类社会活动的动力来源。随着纳米科学与技术的飞速发展,人们已经可以合成出种类繁多、性能各异的材料。从物理学角度来说,材料的成份和结构一俟确定,该体系的薛定谔方程求解就给出了其物理和化学性质。

MicroRNA-145-3p在先天性巨结肠中的作用及机制研究

目的探讨micro RNA-145-3p(miR-145-3p)在先天性巨结肠(HD)中的表达及其发挥作用的可能分子机制。方法选取2013年2月-2018年6月南方医科大学珠江医院40例HD病变段肠管(HD病变肠管组)及40例正常肠管(正常肠管组)组织标本。采用qRT-PCR检测组织标本miR-145-3p相对表达量。过表达细胞miR-145-3p后,CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖情况;Transwell检测细胞迁移情况;双荧光素酶报告基因实验、Western blotting及免疫组织化学染色明确miR-145-3p对靶基因GDNF的影响。结果HD病变肠管组miR-145-3p相对表达量高于正常肠管组(P<0.05)。过表达细胞miR-145-3p后,细胞增殖能力下降(P<0.05),细胞迁移能力降低(P<0.05);靶基因预测软件筛选出GDNF是miR-145-3p的潜在靶点;双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实,miR-145-3p可以与GDNF的3’-UTR结合(P<0.05);Western blotting检测证实,miR-145-3p可使SH-SY5Y细胞的GDNF蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05);而免疫组织化学染色证实,GDNF在miR-145-3p高表达的HD组织标本中存在高频低表达。结论miR-145-3p可以抑制神经母细胞的增殖及迁移,是一个重要的HD分子标志物,其作用机制可能与抑制GDNF蛋白表达有关。

COPD稳定期患者血清Galectin-3、VAP-1水平及其临床意义

目的探究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者血清半乳糖凝集素-3(Galectin-3)、血管黏附蛋白-1(VAP-1)的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选取2016年1月-2017年12月在该院就诊的100例COPD稳定期患者作为COPD组,同期选取100例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较两组患者的血清Galectin-3、VAP-1水平,以及肺功能指标、炎症因子水平、慢性阻塞性肺病评估测试(CAT)评分的差异。分析血清Galectin-3或VAP-1水平与肺功能指标、炎症因子水平、CAT评分的关系。分析血清Galectin-3水平与血清VAP-1水平的相关性。结果 COPD组患者的血清Galectin-3、VAP-1水平高于对照组(P <0.05)。COPD组患者的用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)及FEV1/FVC水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。COPD组患者的白介素-6、超敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α高于对照组(P<0.05)。COPD组患者CAT评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,COPD稳定期患者的血清Galectin-3、VAP-1水平与患者肺功能指标呈负相关(P<0.05),与炎症因子水平、CAT评分呈正相关(P<0.05);血清Galectin-3与VAP-1水平呈正相关(P <0.05)。结论 COPD稳定期患者的血清Galectin-3、VAP-1水平升高,且与肺功能、炎症因子水平及生活质量相关。

亲锂的三维二硫化锡@碳纤维布用于稳定的锂金属负极

金属锂由于其高的比容量,低的电极电势和轻质等特点被认为是下一代高能量密度锂金属二次电池负极材料的最佳选择。然而,充放电循环中不均匀的锂沉积会导致严重的体积变化和大量的锂枝晶形成,从而影响了电池的库伦效率甚至会带来严重的安全隐患。为此,本文设计了一种亲锂的三维二硫化锡@碳纤维布复合基底材料,并作为集流体将其应用于金属锂电池上。一者,高比表面积的三维碳纤维骨架可以适应充放电过程中的体积变化并且有效地降低局部电流密度,从而确保锂的均匀沉积。二者,表面修饰的SnS2层在锂沉积过程中可以形成Li-Sn合金界面层,诱导锂的沉积并降低过电势。最终,实验结果表明:使用所制备的复合集流体与金属锂搭配组成的半电池可以在5 mA·cm^(-2)的高电流密度下以>98%的库伦效率稳定循环100周以上。此外,在承载10 mAh·cm^(-2)的金属锂后,复合的锂负极无论是在对称电池还是与磷酸铁锂组装成的实际电池中,均可以在高的电流密度下实现稳定的循环。我们相信这一复合的集流体构建策略对于设计安全稳定的锂金属电池或器件具有重要意义。

昆虫学案例在遗传学教学中的应用

遗传学是相关专业本科生的核心课程之一。国内大部分高校在遗传学教学中使用普通遗传学教材,但不同专业背景的学生使用普通遗传学教材会产生较大的教学质量差异,特别是蚕学、蜂学、植物保护、动物科学等专业的本科生。虽然普通遗传学教材中有一些昆虫学案例,但没有随着昆虫学发展进行更新,且不能满足昆虫相关专业学生的专业素质培养需求。因此,本文对可应用于遗传学课程的昆虫学案例进行梳理,引入遗传学教学,更替部分普通遗传学教材中的非经典案例,并补充一些普通遗传学教材中使用较少的昆虫发育遗传学、核外遗传学和进化遗传学等案例。建立适用于昆虫学相关专业的遗传学理论体系与实验教学设计,使遗传学教学突出昆虫学相关专业的特色,以期对相关专业的学生学习和教师教学有所帮助。

Regulating Zn Deposition via an Artificial Solid–Electrolyte Interface with Aligned Dipoles for Long Life Zn Anode

Aqueous zinc ion batteries show prospects for next-generation renewable energy storage devices.However,the practical applications have been limited by the issues derived from Zn anode.As one of serious problems,Zn dendrite growth caused from the uncontrollable Zn deposition is unfavorable.Herein,with the aim to regulate Zn deposition,an artificial solid–electrolyte interface is subtly engineered with a perovskite type material,BaTiO3,which can be polarized,and its polarization could be switched under the external electric field.Resulting from the aligned dipole in BaTiO3 layer,zinc ions could move in order during cycling process.Regulated Zn migration at the anode/electrolyte interface contributes to the even Zn stripping/plating and confined Zn dendrite growth.As a result,the reversible Zn plating/stripping processes for over 2000 h have been achieved at 1 mA cm^(−2) with capacity of 1 mAh cm−2.Furthermore,this anode endowing the electric dipoles shows enhanced cycling stability for aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries.The battery can deliver nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency at 2 Ag^(−1) after 300 cycles.