Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.

Synthesis and microwave absorption performance of heat-treated RF/SiO_(2)aerogels

The well-designed composite with satisfactory electromagnetic microwave absorption at high temperatures remains a serious challenge.Herein,we fabricated a resorcinol-formaldehyde/silica dioxide composite aerogel(RF/SiO_(2))with a three-dimensional network structure using sol-gel,atmospheric pressure drying technique as well as heat-treated processes to achieve enhanced microwave absorption capabilities in the low frequency range.The pristine RF/SiO_(2)aerogel presented a typical micropores structure with a surface area,porous volume,and density of 146.82 m^(2)/g,62.40%,and 0.28 cm^(3)/g,respectively.Remarkably,the RF/SiO_(2)aerogel showed an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.56 GHz and a minimum reflection loss value of-46.10 d B at 2.25 mm after being heat-treated at 1500°C,while the maximum effective absorption bandwidth was 3.60 GHz at 2.30 mm.The intricate three-dimensional networks possessed remarkable impedance matching,multiple attenuation mechanisms,interfacial polarization,and dielectric loss,which were attributed to the exceptional ability to absorb electromagnetic microwaves.It offered a fresh approach to creating adaptable and effective microwave absorption materials in military defense.

氮掺杂多孔碳负载Fe纳米颗粒用于高性能电催化还原CO_(2)与Zn-CO_(2)电池

电催化CO_(2)还原为CO因其技术与经济上的可行性而被认为是推进碳中和最有前景的反应之一.然而,水溶液中激烈的竞争性析氢反应阻碍生成单一高选择性产物.目前,贵金属纳米催化剂表现出较好的CO选择性,但稀缺性和高成本限制了其进一步应用.Fe纳米颗粒(NPs)具有电催化活性,且储量丰富成本低,被认为是一种潜在可替代贵金属的电催化剂,但Fe存在易氧化、团聚、稳定性差、吸附CO_(2)能力低等问题.因此,探索同时具有良好活性和稳定性的新型Fe NPs催化剂仍具有重要意义.金属-有机骨架(MOFs)衍生物被认为是合成锚定和激活金属纳米颗粒的良好前驱体.因此,将Fe NPs固定在MOFs衍生物中为开发稳定、高活性的Fe NPs催化剂提供了可行的机会.本文通过修饰MOFs前驱体的策略,对IRMOF-3(Zn)进行少量含铁配体单羧酸二茂铁的取代,结合一步热解碳化,制备了Fe NPs负载在海绵状氮掺杂多孔碳的复合催化剂(Fe@NPC).同时对配体为对苯二甲酸的MOF-5和配体为2-氨基-对苯二甲酸的IRMOF-3(Zn)进行热解碳化,制备了对照样品多孔碳MOF-5-D和氮掺杂多孔碳IRMOF-3-D.光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(XAFS)结果表明,在Fe@NPC中含有大量的Fe-Fe键以及极少量的Fe-N/C键,说明Fe主要以纳米颗粒形式存在,少量Fe-N/C分布在Fe NPs表面,在Fe NPs与氮掺杂碳基底间起到良好的连接作用.此外,Fe@NPC具有较大的比表面积(1264 m^(2)g^(-1))和高于MOF-5-D与IRMOF-3-D的CO_(2)吸附能力(93.5 cm^(3)g^(-1)),这种具有CO_(2)强吸附和丰富活性位点的多级孔结构为加速传质、加快CO_(2)转化奠定了良好的基础.在H-cell与-0.6 V_(RHE)的条件下,IRMOF-3-D的最大CO法拉第效率(FECO)为65.3%,是MOF-5-D(49.9%)的1.3倍,说明氮掺杂在一定程度上促进了CO_(2)的电还原.此外,Fe@NPC在-0.3 V_(RHE)到1.0 V_(RHE)的宽电位化学区间均表现出较好的性能,即最大的电流密度,最低的起始电位以及92.1%的最高的FECO.而且Fe@NPC在流动池中可以获得更高的FECO(96.4%),同时能够在H-cell与流动池中均保持良好的稳定性.由于*COOH高能垒,它的产生被认为是高效电化学CO_(2)-CO转换的瓶颈.进一步采用原位衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外(ATR-IR)来实时监测中间体,并深入探究Fe@NPC作用于CO_(2)还原过程的机理,观测到中间体*COOH的逐渐形成和积累,以及同一反应时间内*COOH在Fe@NPC上的更快动力学形成过程;进一步说明Fe位点与氮掺杂多孔碳之间的协同作用显著提高了Fe@NPC的CO_(2)的捕获能力和传质能力并加速了CO生成的动力学.本文以Fe@NPC为阴极组装了Zn-CO_(2)电池,发现该电池具有良好的充电放电性能,放电过程中可提供3.0 mW cm^(-2)的峰值功率密度,同时表现出良好的稳定性(120个循环),实现CO_(2)电还原与储能的良好结合,并表现出高效的能量转换装置的良好应用潜力.综上,本文为设计用于高选择性的CO_(2)还原反应和能量转换器件的铁基催化剂提供了一种新方法.

Risk Factors for Strangulated Ovarian Hernia in Female Infants:the Role of Ovarian Volume

The risk factors associated with strangulated ovarian hernia (SOH)in female patients (<1 year old)were identified.A retrospective analysis was conducted regarding the data from 2006 to 2017.The patients were divided into 2groups:SOH group (n=9)and non-SOH group (n=23). Patient demographics,clinical signs,preoperative examinations and intraoperative findings were compared between the two groups,and risk factors for SOH were tested using a binary logistic regression model.To explore whether greater ovary was more likely to be twisted,leading to SOH, all the patients were divided into ovary volume <5cm^3 and ≥5cm^3 groups and the association between ovarian volume and ovary torsion was assessed.Among a total of 32 female patients (<1year old)with incarcerated ovarian herniation,9 patients developed SOH.The single variate analysis revealed that times of manual reduction,ovarian volume,ovary with or without multiple cysts,ovary torsion or not and angle of ovary torsion were found to be significant factors associated with SOH.The multivariate analysis showed ovarian volume was evidenced as an independent risk factor for SOH.Furthermore,the incidence of ovary torsion was significantly higher in ovarian volume ≥5cm^3 group than in ovarian volume <5cm^3 group,indicating that larger ovary was more likely to result in ovary torsion,leading to SOH.Our study demonstrated that the odds of SOH increased with increasing ovarian volume in female patients (<1 year old)because the relatively greater ovary at this age was more likely to be incarcerated and twisted,leading to SOH.

Reductive kinetics of Panzhihua ilmenite with hydrogen

The hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in the temperature range of 900?1050 °C was systematicallyinvestigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. It wasshown that the products of the Panzhihua ilmenite reduced at 900 °C were metallic iron and rutile. Above 1000 °C, ferrouspseudobrookite solid solution was generated. During the reduction process, element Mg gradually concentrated to form Mg-rich zonewhich can influence the metallization process. The reduction reaction proceeded topochemically and its related reduction kineticswere also discussed. The kinetics of the reduction indicated that the rate-controlling step was the diffusion process. The apparentactivation energy of the hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite was calculated to be 117.56 kJ/mol, which was larger than that ofsynthetic ilmenite under the same reduction condition.

Atomically Dispersed Dual‑Metal Sites Showing Unique Reactivity and Dynamism for Electrocatalysis

The real structure and in situ evolution of catalysts under working conditions are of paramount importance,especially for bifunctional electrocatalysis.Here,we report asymmetric structural evolution and dynamic hydrogen-bonding promotion mechanism of an atomically dispersed electrocatalyst.Pyrolysis of Co/Ni-doped MAF-4/ZIF-8 yielded nitrogen-doped porous carbons functionalized by atomically dispersed Co–Ni dual-metal sites with an unprecedented N8V4 structure,which can serve as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.More importantly,the electrocatalyst showed remarkable activation behavior due to the in situ oxidation of the carbon substrate to form C–OH groups.Density functional theory calculations suggested that the flexible C–OH groups can form reversible hydrogen bonds with the oxygen evolution reaction intermediates,giving a bridge between elementary reactions to break the conventional scaling relationship.

Experimental study on gas explosion suppression based on ferrocene

In order to study the gas explosion suppression performance based on ferrocene, the self-constructed experimental facility was used to accomplish the experiment of gas explosion suppression. By means of thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal characteristics of ferrocene have been gotten and the gas explosion suppression mechanism of ferrocene has been analyzed. The results show that ferrocene had good effects on gas explosion suppression, and the explosion pressure and flame propagation speed declined obviously. When ferrocene concentration is 0.08 g/L and methane volume concentration is 9.5%, the maximum explosion overpressure and maximum flame propagation speed of methane-air respectively decreased by about 59.5% and 19.6%, respectively. TG and DSC curves showed that the mass loss of ferrocene consists of two processes, which are sublimation and lattice fracture. The temperature of mass loss ranged from 128 ℃ to 230 ℃. The results showed profoundly theoretical significance to gas explosion suppression by ferrocene in coal mines.

Oral pathogen aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing smooth muscle cell apoptosis and repressing macrophage efferocytosis

Periodontitis imparting the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is partially due to the immune subversion of the oral pathogen,particularly the Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis),by inducing apoptosis.However,it remains obscure whether accumulated apoptotic cells in P.gingivalis-accelerated plaque formation are associated with impaired macrophage clearance.

Electrolytic production of Ti-Ge intermetallics from oxides in molten CaCl_2-NaCl

Titanium germanium intermetallics （TixGey）were directly prepared from titanium oxide （TiO2） and germanium oxide（GeO2） powders mixture by using an electrodeoxidation process. The electrochemical experiment was carried out in a molten fluxCaCl2-NaCl at 800℃ with a potential of 3.0 V. The results show that monolithic germanide Ti5Ge3 intermetallic can be directlyproduced from TiO2-GeO2 or CaTiO3-GeO2 precursors （both molar ratios are 5：3）, and the obtained Ti5Ge3 powders exhibithomogenous particle structure. In addition, the phase composition of the final product can be dramatically affected by the initialmolar ratio of TiO2 to GeO2. The reaction mechanism of the electrodeoxidation process was discussed based on the experimentalresults. It is suggested that the electrodeoxidation process is an environmentally friendly method for the preparation of Ti-Geintermetallics.

Support and Positioning Mechanism of a Detection Robot inside a Spherical Tank

Large pressure equipment needs to be tested regularly to ensure safe operation;wall-climbing robots can carry the necessary tools to inspect spherical tanks,such as cameras and non-destructive testing equipment.However,a wall-climbing robot inside a spherical tank cannot be accurately positioned owing to the particularity of the spherical tank structure.This paper proposes a passive support and positioning mechanism fixed in a spherical tank to improve the adsorption capacity and positioning accuracy of the inspection robot.The main body of the mechanism was designed as a truss composed of carbon fiber telescopic rods and can work in spherical tanks with diameters of 4.6-15.7 m.The structural strength,stiffness,and stability of the mechanism are analyzed via force and deformation simulations.By constructing a mathematical model of the support and positioning mechanism,the influence of structural deformation on the supporting capacity is analyzed and calculated.The robot positioning method based on the support and positioning mechanism can effectively locate the robot inside a spherical tank.Experiments verified the support performance and robot positioning accuracy of the mechanism.This research proposes an auxiliary support and positioning mechanism for a detection robot inside a spherical tank,which can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the robot and meet the robotic inspection requirements.

Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials for Improving Bioethanol Production

With the continued depletion of non-renewable energy resources,it is essential to seek new methods of harnessing clean and renewable energy.In this regard,second-generation bioethanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass has attracted increasing attention in recent years.The choice of the pretreatment method of lignocellulose is critical to the subsequent bioconversion processes.Compared with other conventional chemical pretreatment methods,hydrothermal pretreatment is a simple,low-cost,and economically feasible process that requires water as the only reagent.This paper reviews the research efforts that have been made toward hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and focuses on the transformations involving cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin during this process.

Atmospheric disturbance on the gas explosion in closed fire zone

In order to avoid serious safety accidents caused by closed fire zone,based on the continuous monitoring of atmospheric pressure at different monitoring points in multiple mines,the atmospheric pressure fluctuation model and the air leakage model were established and analyzed.The change law with time of oxygen concentration and gas concentration in the fire zone were obtained due to atmospheric disturbances under the influence of different pressure difference,volume and size of fire area,wind resistance,gas emission,sealing moments,etc.so as to evaluate the explosion risk of a closed fire zone.Research showed that the mine atmosphere fluctuates with the atmosphere of ground,and the pressure difference between the inner and outer sides of the enclosed fire zone is affected by the periodic fluctuation of atmosphere,which has about 16-h cosine fluctuation and approximate 8-h fixed value.Compared with the fire zone with poor sealing quality,good sealing fire zone has better resistance to atmospheric disturbance.The reduction of oxygen concentration in the inner side of a well-sealed fire zone mainly depends on the dilution of methane,which is more likely to accumulate and rise rapidly.And the fire zone with poor sealing quality is easy to be interfered.The inner oxygen concentration and gas concentration are easily affected by the absolute gas emission and the air leakage in the fire zone.Fire zone with small wind resistance and small volume is especially obvious.At the initial stage of the closed fire zone it's very possible to happen explosion.The time duration of explosion danger varies under different conditions,and the atmospheric disturbance may lead to repeated explosions in some cases.It's suggested to take some methods to avoid explosions according to the real-time situation,closure time,oxygen concentration and gas concentration of fire zone.

Electrolysis of Converter Matte in Molten CaCl₂-NaCl

The electrolytic production of nickel-copper alloy by electrochemical reduction of converter matte in molten salt has been investigated. The sintered solid porous pellets of Ni3S2, Cu2S and converter matte were electrolyzed at a voltage of 3.0 V in molten CaCl2-NaCl under the protection of argon gas at 700℃, respectively. The electro-reduction processes were investigated and the products were characterized. The results show that the molten salt electro-reduction process can be used to produce nickel, copper and nickel-copper alloy directly from Ni3S2, Cu2S and converter matte precursors in molten CaCl2-NaCl, respectively. CaS would be formed as the intermediate compound during the electro-reduction process, and then the formed CaS can be gradually decomposed and removed with the increase of the electrolysis time. The experimental results show that the molten salt electro-reduction process has the potential to be used for the reduction of sulfide minerals in molten CaCl2-NaCl.

Investigation of Self-Diffusion and Structure in Calcium Aluminosilicate Slags by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics simulation is applied to investigate the mechanism and variation of self-diffusion in calcium aluminosilicate slags. The self-diffusion coefficients are calculated for eleven slag compositions with varying Al2O3/SiO2 ratios at a fixed CaO content. In practice, the results of the study are relevant to the significant changes in transport phenomenon caused by the changes in chemical composition during continuous casting of steels containing high amounts of dissolved aluminum. The cooperative movement between O atoms and network formers is discussed since [AlO4] and [SiO4] tetrahedra are the elementary structural units in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) slag system. The diffusivities for four atomic types are affected by the degree of polymerization (DOP) of slag network characterized by the proportions of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and Qn species in the system. On the other hand, a sudden increase in 5-coordinated Al as network modifiers in high alumina regions slightly increases the self-diffusion coefficient for Al. As another structural defect, oxygen tricluster plays an important role in the behavior of self-diffusion for O atoms, while the diffusivity for Ca is deeply influenced by its bonding and coordinating conditions.

Anchorage Performance and Interfacial Mechanics Transfer Characteristics of a Composite Anchor Bolt with Different Surface Shape

To solve the deficiency of steel anchor blot in corrosion resistance and flaw of GFRP anchor bolt in fracture resistance, our research group develops a new composite anchor bolt made of steel strands wrapped up with compound fiber resin. To improve the cohesion performance of the composite anchor bolt, pull-out tests of different composite anchor bolts with different groove intervals and depths were made and analyzed. The results show that the pulling resistance of the composite anchor bolt increases with the increase of groove interval and depth, but groove interval and depth have optimal value. Based on elastic mechanics, the cohesion between anchor bolts and anchor bodies and its distribution characteristics caused by axial tension are analyzed and cohesion formula is obtained. By contrast, the experimental result is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Therefore, the surficial change of anchor colts could influence the performance of the composite anchor bolt. The cohesion force and anchorage performance can be improved by changing the surface of anchor bolts. Research results show that the new composite anchor bolt is high-performance material in the civil engineering.

Sol-gel derived B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bioactive glasses with hemostatic,antibacterial and pro-angiogenic activities

Sol-gel borate bioactive glasses(BGs)are promising ion-releasing biomaterials for wound healing applications.Here,we report the synthesis of a series of binary B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BGs(CaO ranging from 50 to 90mol%)using a sol-gel-based method.The influence of CaO content in B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BG on morphology,structure and ion release behavior was investigated in detail.Reduced dissolution(ion release)and crystallization could be observed in borate BGs when CaO content increased,while the morphology was not significantly altered by increasing CaO content.Our results evidenced that the ion release behavior of borate BGs could be tailored by tuning the B_(2)O_(3)/CaO molar ratio.We also evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity,hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities of borate BGs.Cytocompatibility was validated for all borate BGs.However,borate BGs exhibited composition-dependent hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities.Generally,higher contents of Ca in borate BGs facilitated hemostatic activity,while higher contents of B_(2)O_(3) were beneficial for pro-angiogenic activity.The synthesized sol-gel-derived borate BGs are promising materials for developing advanced wound healing dressings,given their fast ion release behavior and favorable hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities.

A topology approach to overcome the pore size/volume trade-offs for autonomous indoor humidity control

Autonomous indoor humidity control is gaining more and more attention but is limited by the trade-offs among pore volume,pore size and water stability of water adsorbents.We solve this problem by using a unique coordination network topology combined with hydrolytically stable M(Ⅲ)carboxylate clusters.By extending the ligand length from 9.0 to 11.2 and 13.7?,the pore volume significantly increases from 0.99 to 1.40 and 1.78 cm^(3)g^(-1),which proportionally increases the saturated water adsorption capacity.Meanwhile,the pore size slightly increases from 10.4 to 11.0 and 13.5A,which restricts the isotherm inflection pressure and hysteresis width to meet the requirement of indoor humidity control.Large single-crystals suitable for Xray diffraction studies were obtained by using Fe(Ⅲ)salts,while isostructural frameworks with sufficiently high water stabilities were synthesized by using Cr(Ⅲ)salts,which offer record working capacity of 0.90 and 1.10 g g^(-1)for indoor humidity control.

High-rate CH_(4)-to-C_(2)H_(6) photoconversion enabled by Au/ZnO porous nanosheets under oxygen-free system

Photocatalytic CH_(4) coupling into high-valued C_(2)H_(6) is highly attractive,whereas the photosynthetic rate,especially under oxygen-free system,is still unsatisfying.Here,we designed the negatively charged metal supported on metal oxide nanosheets to activate the inert C-H bond in CH_(4)and hence accelerate CH_(4) coupling performance.As an example,the synthetic Au/ZnO porous nanosheets exhibit the C_(2)H_(6) photosynthetic rate of 1,121.6μmol g^(-1)_(cat)h^(-1)and the CH_(4) conversion rate of 2,374.6μmol g^(-1)_(cat)h^(-1) under oxygen-free system,2 orders of magnitude higher than those of previously reported photocatalysts.By virtue of several in situ spectroscopic techniques,it is established that the generated Au^(δ-)and O^-species together polarized the C-H bond,while the Au^(δ-)and O^-species jointly stabilized the CH_(3) intermediates,which favored the coupling of CH_(3) intermediate to photosynthesize C_(2)H_(6) instead of overoxidation into CO_(x).Thus,the design of dual active species is beneficial for achieving high-efficient CH_(4)-to-C_(2)H_(6) photoconversion.

Visible-light-enabled multicomponent synthesis of trifluoromethylated 3-indolequinoxalin-2(1H)-ones without external photocatalysis

A novel and sustainable visible-light-enabled multicomponent reaction involving quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,indoles,and CF3SO2Na that does not require an external photocatalyst is described.This photoinduced reaction employs air as the sole oxidant,thereby providing a green and highly step-efficient approach to a series of biologically important trifluoromethylated 3-indolequinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.

线上治理的力量——社交媒体讨论与管理层业绩预告披露策略

数字经济时代下,传统公司治理的界限被打破,社交媒体大数据拓展了新型治理路径和渠道,中小投资者的治理力量日益强大。本文在管理层业绩预告披露情境下,基于2013—2017年雪球论坛的讨论帖数据,探讨中小投资者在社交媒体的线上讨论能否影响管理层业绩预告披露策略。研究发现,社交媒体在公司发布业绩预告前的发帖量越多,业绩预告精确度越高、偏差越小,且这一治理效应通过引发短期市场波动和监管介入路径实现。由于社交媒体的非专业性、非强制性特征,线上治理效应在部分情境中失效:在信息可见性低、业务复杂度高、投资者情绪消极时,投资者的信息甄别能力受限会削弱线上治理效应;在亏损压力大、国有控股、投资者保护弱的企业中,管理层反馈不足也会制约线上治理效应的发挥。最后,良好的外部法律环境能够增强社交媒体的线上治理效应。本文拓展了管理层业绩预告披露策略的影响因素研究,补充了关于中小股东积极主义的文献,为大数据赋能资本市场治理提供了新的证据和借鉴。