Defect engineering in transition-metal(Fe,Co,andNi)-based electrocatalysts for water splitting

Electrocatalytic water splitting seems to be an efficient strategy to deal with increasingly serious environmental problems and energy crises but still suffers from the lack of stable and efficient electrocatalysts.Designing practical electrocatalysts by introducing defect engineering,such as hybrid structure,surface vacancies,functional modification,and structural distortions,is proven to be a dependable solution for fabricating electrocatalysts with high catalytic activities,robust stability,and good practicability.This review is an overview of some relevant reports about the effects of defect engineering on the electrocatalytic water splitting performance of electrocatalysts.In detail,the types of defects,the preparation and characterization methods,and catalytic performances of electrocatalysts are presented,emphasizing the effects of the introduced defects on the electronic structures of electrocatalysts and the optimization of the intermediates'adsorption energy throughout the review.Finally,the existing challenges and personal perspectives of possible strategies for enhancing the catalytic performances of electrocatalysts are proposed.An in-depth understanding of the effects of defect engineering on the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts will light the way to design high-efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting and other possible applications.

Virus DNA Detection of Herpes Simplex Keratitis by PCR

HSV-DNA of seven corneal lesions suspected with herpessimplex keratitis (HSK) and nine normal human donor corneas weredetected by PCR,Five out of seven diseased corneas showed positiveresults,and the other two diseased corneas and nine.normal corneasnegative.The results suggest the PCR may be useful as a rapid andsensitive method for diagnosing HSK.Eye Science 1993;9:126-128.

Current trends and hotspots of etiology of auditory neuropathy in the past 30 years: A bibliometric analysis

Objective:To make an overview of global research trends in the etiology of auditory neuropathy(AN)over the past 30 years using a bibliometric approach.Methods:Bibliometric analyses were conducted by GraphPad Prism 9.0,Citespace 6.2.R2,and an online analysis platform to analyze and visualize publications related to etiology of AN from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database from 1996 to 2022.Additionally,genetic factors in human AN were analyzed.Results:In total,604 original articles and reviews related to the etiology of AN from the WoSCC were included for bibliometric analysis.The results showed that annual publications and trend on etiology of AN increased linearly from 2000.Among them,the United States and China published nearly 400 records(40.32%).From the 604 records,a total of 752 keywords and 10 clustered network maps were extracted by Citespace,and‘mutations’was among the top 10 keywords.Analysis of genetic factors found that more than 30 genes were related to AN,and the latest burst occurred in 2022.Conclusion:The bibliometric analysis mapped the global research trends and analyzed hotspots for future.The results indicated that the annual publications increased linearly from 2000.Notably,there was a burst in genetic factors in 2022,which identified that genetic factor would remain a focus of future research.

In situ decorating the surface and interlayer of montmorillonite with Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles: A sustainable, biocompatible colorimetric platform for H_(2)O_(2) and acetylcholine

Originated from nature and used for nature is a way of sustainable development.In this work,montmorillonite(MMT),a natural two-dimensional(2D)layered mineral,the surface and interlayer of which were nano-decorated by chemical synthesis technique was applied in biological detection field.Magnetic ferrite(Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4))was anchored on the surface and intercalated in the interlayer of montmorillonite,which served as a competitive candidate of enzyme mimics.Cytotoxicity test toward HUVEC and Hela cells verified the good biocompatibility of Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)-MMT,guaranteeing its safety in biological applications.Based on the peroxidase-like activity of Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)-MMT,a colorimetric sensing platform for H_(2)O_(2) was established by a facile mix-anddetect approach with the detection limit of 0.565μM(3σ/slope).It was implied that the peroxidase-like activity of Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)-MMT was originated from generation of·OH and·O_(2)–produced from catalytic decomposition process of H_(2)O_(2).Coupled with cascaded catalytic reactions of ACh,a facile and efficient sensing platform for ACh with satisfactory anti-interference ability was established.Thus,all these remarkable features highlighted the superiority of Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)-MMT,and endowed it with a powerful competitiveness in the fields of environmental assessing,biosensing,and disease monitoring.