Next-generation vaccines for substance use disorders

Substance use disorders(SUDs)impact an estimated 300 million people worldwide,significantly impairing both health and social functioning.These disorders are marked by an inability to regulate substance use,despite the harmful consequences.Addiction affects various neurotransmitter systems,including dopamine,serotonin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),and glutamate,each of which plays a role in the reward,stress,and self-control pathways of the brain(Koob&Volkow,2016).While significant advances have been made in neuroscience,our understanding of how these neurotransmitter systems interact and contribute to addiction is still evolving.This knowledge gap represents a significant challenge in the formulation of effective treatments for SUDs.At present,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has approved pharmacological treatments for alcohol,nicotine,and opioid use disorders(Vasiliu,2022);however,no such treatments have been authorized for SUDs in general,or specifically for stimulant use disorders,such as cocaine and methamphetamine addiction.Notably,the FDA has not approved any new drugs for SUD treatment in the past 40 years.

Pepper(Capsicum annuum)xylogen-like arabinogalactan protein(XYLP)1 and XYLP2 promote synthesis of lignin during stem development to cope with stresses

Pepper stems exhibit a high level of strength and lignin deposition to support plant growth,which direct the cultivation style without binding sticks or scaffolding.However,regulation of lignin synthesis and accumulation in pepper stem has not been extensively studied.Herein,we first investigated the pepper stem developmental process and confirmed that increasing lignin accumulation occurs during stem growth.We then performed genome-wide identification and characterization of xylogen-like arabinogalactan protein(XYLP)family members and obtained 10,22,and 19 XYLPs in pepper,tomato,and potato respectively.Evaluation of the phylogenetic relationship among the identified XYLPs suggested that these proteins are conserved in Solanaceae.Thereafter,we analyzed the 10 CanXYLP genes and observed that these genes exhibit differential expressing patterns at different stages of pepper stem development.Among these genes,two XYLPs,namely CanXYLP1 and CanXYLP2,exhibited an increased expression pattern and a strong correlation with lignin accumulation in pepper stem.We further found that CanXYLP1 and CanXYLP2 play a role in pepper stem lignification by positively regulating the lignin synthesis pathway genes in pepper,and the CanXYLP1/2-silenced plants displayed a blocked lignification phenotype.Finally,we confirmed that CanXYLP1/2 expression is upregulated in response to some abiotic and biotic signals,suggesting that these two genes enhance the tolerance of pepper stem to unfavorable conditions.These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling pepper stem lignification,and the relationship between the lignin content of pepper stem and XYLPs.

An Improved SVM Based Wind Turbine Multi-fault Detection Method

A fault detection method bases on wind turbines(WTs)supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)is proposed,principal component analysis(PCA)was used to reduce the dimension of target features to 1-D,so that PCA output 1-D data can be used as label of support vector machine(SVM).Thus on the premise of not losing the prediction correctness,one model can detect the fault of 2 to 4 features,largely reduce the complexity of model building.Different experiments are present to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Ensemble Learning-Based Wind Turbine Fault Prediction Method with Adaptive Feature Selection

In this paper we present a wind turbine (WT) fault detection method based on ensemble learning, WT supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is used for model building. In feature selection process, random forest algorithm is applied to get the feature importances,this is much convenient compared with general feature selection by experience, also more accurate result is obtain. In model building,SVM based bagging algorithm is used, compared to individual SVM,out method is much faster and again with a better result.

The electricity,industrial,and agricultural sectors under changing climate:Adaptation and mitigation in China

Climate change is a pressing global concern with far-reaching consequences that vary across sectors.Addressing the adverse impacts of climate change on various sectors is a challenging issue faced by countries worldwide,including China.It is imperative for China to address climate change to foster sustainable development and make meaningful contributions to global climate mitigation efforts.This paper presented a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of climate change on the electricity,agriculture,and industry sectors,which together account for over 80%of the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in China.Additionally,the strategies employed by these sectors to address climate change were reviewed,and potential future developments were explored.This review article could shine light on climate change practices and evidence-based policies aimed at addressing climate-related challenges across various sectors in China.

The chromosome-scale assembly of the Notopterygium incisum genome provides insight into the structural diversity of coumarins

Coumarins,derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway,represent one of the primary metabolites found in angiosperms.The alignment of the tetrahydropyran(THP)and tetrahydrofuran(THF)rings with the lactone structure results in the formation of at least four types of complex coumarins.However,the mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of coumarin remain poorly understood.Here,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Notopterygium incisum,spanning 1.64 Gb,with a contig N50 value of 22.7 Mb and 60,021 annotated protein-coding genes.Additionally,we identified the key enzymes responsible for shaping the structural diversity of coumarins,including two p-coumaroyl CoA 2′-hydroxylases crucial for simple coumarins basic skeleton architecture,two UbiA prenyltransferases responsible for angular or linear coumarins biosynthesis,and five CYP736 cyclases involved in THP and THF ring formation.Notably,two bifunctional enzymes capable of catalyzing both demethylsuberosin and osthenol were identified for the first time.Evolutionary analysis implies that tandem and ectopic duplications of the CYP736 subfamily,specifically arising in the Apiaceae,contributed to the structural diversity of coumarins in N.incisum.Conclusively,this study proposes a parallel evolution scenario for the complex coumarin biosynthetic pathway among different angiosperms and provides essential synthetic biology elements for the heterologous industrial production of coumarins.

Advances in radiation-induced heart disease diagnosis and treatment

Over the past decades,the survival rates of patients with cancer have significantly increased owing to advancements in cancer treatment strategies.Radiotherapy has become an indispensable treatment modality for thoracic tumors.While it offers benefits in treating or even potentially curing cancer,thoracic radiotherapy exposes neighboring heart tissues to ionizing radiation,elevating the risk of radiation-induced heart disease(RIHD).Despite improvements in radiotherapy techniques that have reduced the incidence of RIHD,complete avoidance of heart radiation exposure remains a challenge.Cohort studies involving atomic bomb survivors and individuals with occupational radiation exposure,even at relatively low doses,have reported a significant increase in RIHD risks.The pathological mechanisms underlying RIHD have been extensively reviewed.At present,imaging techniques and traditional cardiac biomarkers are the primary methods to diagnose RIHD,with ongoing efforts to explore additional promising markers for predicting and monitoring RIHD.Moreover,traditional and novel therapeutic strategies are being actively explored to prevent or alleviate RIHD.Insights gained from therapeutic advancements in other organ systems or heart diseases caused by different factors can provide valuable ideas for RIHD management.This review discusses the recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of RIHD.

Visualization of oxygen vacancies in nanomaterials

Oxygen vacancies are one of the most common defects.Defects are imperfections in the regular geometrical arrangement of the atoms in crystalline solid.There are point defects,linear defects,plane defects and volume defects in crystals.In an elemental crystal,point defects are formed when atoms are removed from the position that should be filled in the crystal,creating vacancies,or when atoms occupy interstitial sites where no atom would ordinarily appear,causing interstitialcy[1].

超强碱离子液体-有机胺-水复配溶剂高效CO_(2)捕集

CO_(2)捕集是实现碳减排的重要技术之一。其中,化学吸收法是一种有效的、适用于低CO_(2)分压的CO_(2)捕集技术。开发出一种高效、低能耗、环保的吸收剂是该领域的研究难点和热点。离子液体(ILs)作为一类绿色溶剂,在CO_(2)捕集中具有结构可调节、反应速率快、吸收量高等优势,但存在黏度大、价格昂贵等问题,本工作提出将超强碱离子液体1,8-二氮杂二环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯咪唑([HDBU][Im])与单乙醇胺(MEA)复配得到离子液体复配溶剂,来提高吸收剂的CO_(2)吸收量并降低吸收CO_(2)后溶剂的黏度。研究了离子液体浓度、吸收温度、CO_(2)分压等对离子液体复配溶剂捕集CO_(2)性能的影响,测定了离子液体复配溶剂在不同CO_(2)负荷下的密度和黏度等物性。结果表明,30wt%MEA+10wt%[HDBU][Im]具有较好的吸收能力,在40℃下,CO_(2)吸收量达到0.1453 g CO_(2)/g溶剂,且吸收CO_(2)前后溶剂的黏度分别为2.312和4.303 mPa·s,显著低于离子液体吸收剂,是一种具有潜力的CO_(2)捕集溶剂。

Efficient gene transfection of suspension cells by highly branched poly(β-amino ester)

Suspension cells play a crucial role in many biological processes. However, compared to adherent cells, it is particularly challenging to introduce exogenous genes into suspension cells to regulate their biological functions with non-viral gene vectors, mainly due to the low cellular uptake and endosomal escape of polyplexes. Herein, to improve the interactions of polyplexes with cellular membranes, we design and synthesize highly branched poly(β-amino ester)(HPAE) via an “A2 + B4 + C2” Michael addition strategy.Results show that branching significantly increases DNA condensation of HPAE, cellular uptake and endosomal escape of HPAE/DNA polyplexes. In mast cells(MCs), HPAE exhibits up to 80-fold higher gene transfection efficiency compared to the corresponding linear poly(β-amino ester)(LPAE) and the leading commercial gene transfection reagents PEI25k, jetPEI, and Lipofectamine 3000, without causing obvious cytotoxicity. Our study establishes a reliable non-viral platform for efficient gene transfection of suspension cells.

超声内镜引导下胰管穿刺术联合经内镜逆行副胰管造影术治疗胰腺分裂症1例

1例慢性胰腺炎、胰管结石伴梗阻性黄疸患者,因经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术主乳头胰管反复插管困难,副乳头开口难辨,最后选择在全麻下行超声内镜引导下胰管穿刺术联合经内镜逆行副胰管造影术+副乳头扩张术+胰管探条扩张术+胰管支架置入术,术中补充诊断:胰腺分裂。本文报道了该疑难病例的内镜治疗过程及护理配合要点。

双离子束溅射制备近红外窄带通滤光片的光谱和表面形貌

为了观测大气层中的水汽含量以及CH4和CO2的浓度,在蓝宝石(Al2O3)基片上制备了两种窄带通滤光片,其中心波长分别为1375nm和1610nm,带宽分别为15nm和60nm,透过率均达到了95%。基于法布里-珀罗腔结构设计了带通滤光膜系,并对其进行了优化。与电子束蒸镀薄膜相比,采用双离子束溅射沉积方法制备的Nb2O5/SiO2滤光片薄膜,其表面质量明显改善,缺陷减少,表面粗糙度均方根降低到1nm以下,显著改善了与光电探测器光耦合时的不均匀性。

超声强化雷尼镍活化新生氢气对水中三氯生的降解机制

催化加氢脱氯是实现水中三氯生(triclosan,TCS)降毒去稳的有效方法.实际应用中,对贵金属催化剂的过度依赖和密闭的加压反应体系是制约该方法工业化应用的关键因素.本研究以阴极析氢反应产生的新生氢气(nascent H_(2),Nas-H_(2))作为雷尼镍(Raney Ni,R-Ni)催化剂的氢源,建立了温和条件下三氯生高效还原脱氯的催化加氢体系.结果表明,雷尼镍/新生氢气体系中三氯生的还原遵循准一级反应动力学,反应2.0 h后,三氯生的转化率为96.3%,脱氯率为68.8%.其中,雷尼镍活化新生氢气产生的吸附态氢原子(hydrogen adatoms,H^(*)_(ads))为反应性物种.为了深化三氯生加氢脱氯,向反应体系中引入超声波(ultrasonic,US),三氯生转化率及脱氯率分别增至99.0%和86.5%,新生氢气的原子利用率达到0.21%.超声增强的氢化性能归因于空化作用提高了雷尼镍催化活性,并将新生氢气泡破碎为易活化的纳米氢(nanoscale H_(2),Nano-H_(2))气泡,促进了H^(*)_(ads)的产生,增加了反应物种之间的有效碰撞次数.通过对反应中间产物的测定分析,提出了三氯生逐级加氢脱氯的反应去除机制,反应最终产物为2-羟基二苯醚.该研究可望应用于水中多卤代有机污染物的高效脱卤.

Dual-metal single-atomic catalyst:The challenge in synthesis,characterization,and mechanistic investigation for electrocatalysis

Dual-metal single-atom catalysts(DACs),featuring high atomic utilization efficiency,excellent selectivity,and stability originating from the atomically dispersed nature,have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous electrocatalysis due to the synergistic effect between diversified metal active sites in promoting their catalytic activity.In this review,the recent progress and development on the syntheses,characterizations,theoretical uniqueness,and applications for various catalytic reactions and devices(oxygen reduction reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,CO_(2) reduction reaction,N2 reduction reaction,proton exchange membrane fuel cells)are summarized and reviewed.Specifically,the synergistic effect between the two metal centers and electronic structures of catalysts is systematically discussed.Moreover,the future challenges and prospects in developing practical DACs are proposed as a possible direction for further investigation.

秦皮甲素通过下调FBI-1表达抑制人结直肠癌SW480细胞迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨秦皮甲素对人结直肠癌SW480细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并研究其具体的分子机制.方法:以人结直肠癌SW480细胞作为研究对象,采用细胞划痕和Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,采用shRNA干扰技术使SW480细胞中人类免疫缺陷病毒短转录诱导物连接因子-1(factor that binds to indeucer of short transcripts-1,FBI-1)基因的沉默,利用Western blot法检测波形蛋白(Vimentin)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和FBI-1等蛋白的表达变化.结果:该药物秦皮甲素可使人结直肠癌SW480细胞愈合能力、迁移和侵袭能力均显著下降,同时下调Vimentin和FBI-1蛋白表达水平以及上调E-cadherin蛋白表达水平,上述作用具有浓度依赖性.但经shRNA沉默FBI-1基因表达后,该蛋白的表达水平显著下降;同时FBI-1干扰SW480细胞中E-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著升高,Vimentin蛋白表达水平均显著下降,同时细胞迁移和侵袭能力也降低.结论:秦皮甲素具有浓度依赖性地抑制人结直肠癌SW480细胞迁移和侵袭能力,这可能与秦皮甲素抑制FBI-1蛋白表达,继而下调Vimentin蛋白表达和上调E-cadherin蛋白表达有关.

Primary amine-functionalized mesoporous phenolic resin as an effective and stable solid base catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions in water

A primary amine functionalized ordered mesoporous phenolic resin(NH2-MPR)was obtained by an evaporationinduced self-assembly method.The as-prepared NH2-MPR material possessed large surface area and ordered twodimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure.Also,the amine groups were well-dispersed in the mesoporous channels.It can act as an efficient solid base to promote Knoevenagel condensation of various aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate in water with high conversion and selectivity.This excellent performance was attributed ordered mesopores and hydrophobic pore surface,which resulted in the decreased the interference of water solvent and the increased active sites accessibility.Noted that it was comparable with homogenous base catalysts in the water-medium Knoevenagel condensation reaction,and it can be reused for at least five times without significant reduction in the catalytic efficiency.