Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality.WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants,but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drou...Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality.WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants,but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drought and osmotic stresses in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)remain unclear.Here,we functionally characterized the apple GroupⅢWRKY gene MdWRKY115.qRT-PCR analysis showed that MdWRKY115 expression was up-regulated by drought and osmotic stresses.GUS activity analysis revealed that the promoter activity of MdWRKY115 was enhanced under osmotic stress.Subcellular localization and transactivation assays indicated that MdWRKY115 was localized to the nucleus and had a transcriptional activity domain at the N-terminal region.Transgenic analysis revealed that the overexpression of MdWRKY115 in Arabidopsis plants and in apple callus markedly enhanced their tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses.DNA affinity purification sequencing showed that MdWRKY115 binds to the promoter of the stress-related gene MdRD22.This binding was further verified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Collectively,these findings suggest that MdWRKY115 is an important regulator of osmotic and drought stress tolerance in apple.展开更多
To compare the application of traditional morphometric methods(TMMs)and geometric morphometric methods(GMMs)in the study of intraspecific leaf morphological characters of Quercus dentata,fifteen linear measurement ind...To compare the application of traditional morphometric methods(TMMs)and geometric morphometric methods(GMMs)in the study of intraspecific leaf morphological characters of Quercus dentata,fifteen linear measurement indices and thirteen landmarks of leaves were used to study leaf morphology of three provenances(H1,H2,and H3).In TMMs,principal component analysis(PCA)showed that leaf size–related indices played an important role in population classification.Partial least square(PLS)analysis showed that the main morphological characters affecting leaf size were the average depth of the lobes and the length–width ratios.However,the important indices to distinguish the provenances were circularity,leaf width,and length–width ratio.The results of discriminant analysis(DA)showed that 74.0%of H1,68.0%of H2,and 74.0%of H3 were correctly classified.Cluster analysis showed that the Mahalanobis distances between H1 and H2,H1 and H3,and H2 and H3 were 4.3761,11.4629,and 10.2067,respectively.In GMMs,PCA based on symmetrical components showed that the difference in leaf morphology was mainly due to the changing trend of the leaf apex and base,petiole length,and degree of leaf cracking.PLS analysis showed that there was a significant covariation between the leaf symmetrical components and size:as the leaf enlarged,the widest part gradually moved up,and the shape changed from nearly oval to lanceolate.DA results showed that 86.0%and 78.0%of H1 and H2,70.0%and 80.0%of H1 and H3,and 82.0%and 76.0%of H2 and H3 were correctly classified.Canonical variate analysis results showed that the Mahalanobis distances between H1 and H2,H1 and H3,and H2 and H3 were 1.7238,1.5380,and 1.6329,respectively.Both GMMs and TMMs showed significant differences in morphology among the three Q.dentata provenances,but GMMs had higher classification accuracy and could provide more information about leaf shape,whereas TMMs could provide more information about leaf size.Based on our results,GMMs are promising in the study of leaf morphological variation within Q.dentata provenances.展开更多
Recently,solution-processed quantum dot lightemitting diodes(QLEDs)have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation lighting and display devices.However,when given a constant voltage or current,the QLEDs need...Recently,solution-processed quantum dot lightemitting diodes(QLEDs)have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation lighting and display devices.However,when given a constant voltage or current,the QLEDs need a certain working time to reach their maximum brightness.Such positive aging challenge,dramatically reducing the response speed of the device and causing a luminescence delay,is urgent to be investigated and resolved.In the current work,we introduce a charge-storage layer architecture by inserting copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)between the organic holeinjection layer and hole-transport layer.The extracted holes will be released during the next electrical signal stimulation to increase the efficiency of charge transport.As a result,the response speed of the QLEDs is improved by an order of magnitude.In addition,by inserting an inorganic CuSCN layer,the efficiency,lifetime,and environmental stability of red/green/blue full-color QLEDs are enhanced simultaneously.Moreover,this work provides a generic strategy for the fabrication of fast-response and high-efficiency full-color QLEDs without luminescence delay,which plays a critical role in the practical industrialization of QLEDs.展开更多
Interactive display devices integrating multiple functions have become a development trend of display technology.The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)make it an ideal luminescent mater...Interactive display devices integrating multiple functions have become a development trend of display technology.The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)make it an ideal luminescent material for the next generation of wide-color gamut displays.Here we design and fabricate dual-function light-sensing/displaying light-emitting devices based on PQDs.The devices can display information as an output port,and simultaneously sense outside light signals as an input port and modulate the display information in a non-contact mode.The dual functions were attributed to the device designs:(1)the hole transport layer in the devices also acts as the light-sensing layer to absorb outside light signals;(2)the introduced hole trapping layer interface can trap holes originating from the light-sensing layer,and thus tune the charge transport properties and the light-emitting intensities.The sensing and display behavior of the device can be further modulated by light signals with different time and space information.This fusion of sensing and display functions has broad prospects in non-contact interactive screens and communication ports.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.C2022204086)the Hebei Apple Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.HBCT2021100211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072524).
文摘Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality.WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants,but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drought and osmotic stresses in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)remain unclear.Here,we functionally characterized the apple GroupⅢWRKY gene MdWRKY115.qRT-PCR analysis showed that MdWRKY115 expression was up-regulated by drought and osmotic stresses.GUS activity analysis revealed that the promoter activity of MdWRKY115 was enhanced under osmotic stress.Subcellular localization and transactivation assays indicated that MdWRKY115 was localized to the nucleus and had a transcriptional activity domain at the N-terminal region.Transgenic analysis revealed that the overexpression of MdWRKY115 in Arabidopsis plants and in apple callus markedly enhanced their tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses.DNA affinity purification sequencing showed that MdWRKY115 binds to the promoter of the stress-related gene MdRD22.This binding was further verified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Collectively,these findings suggest that MdWRKY115 is an important regulator of osmotic and drought stress tolerance in apple.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China during the 14th Five-year Plan Period(2021YFD2200302)the nonprofit industry research subject of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration in China(Grant Number 201504408)。
文摘To compare the application of traditional morphometric methods(TMMs)and geometric morphometric methods(GMMs)in the study of intraspecific leaf morphological characters of Quercus dentata,fifteen linear measurement indices and thirteen landmarks of leaves were used to study leaf morphology of three provenances(H1,H2,and H3).In TMMs,principal component analysis(PCA)showed that leaf size–related indices played an important role in population classification.Partial least square(PLS)analysis showed that the main morphological characters affecting leaf size were the average depth of the lobes and the length–width ratios.However,the important indices to distinguish the provenances were circularity,leaf width,and length–width ratio.The results of discriminant analysis(DA)showed that 74.0%of H1,68.0%of H2,and 74.0%of H3 were correctly classified.Cluster analysis showed that the Mahalanobis distances between H1 and H2,H1 and H3,and H2 and H3 were 4.3761,11.4629,and 10.2067,respectively.In GMMs,PCA based on symmetrical components showed that the difference in leaf morphology was mainly due to the changing trend of the leaf apex and base,petiole length,and degree of leaf cracking.PLS analysis showed that there was a significant covariation between the leaf symmetrical components and size:as the leaf enlarged,the widest part gradually moved up,and the shape changed from nearly oval to lanceolate.DA results showed that 86.0%and 78.0%of H1 and H2,70.0%and 80.0%of H1 and H3,and 82.0%and 76.0%of H2 and H3 were correctly classified.Canonical variate analysis results showed that the Mahalanobis distances between H1 and H2,H1 and H3,and H2 and H3 were 1.7238,1.5380,and 1.6329,respectively.Both GMMs and TMMs showed significant differences in morphology among the three Q.dentata provenances,but GMMs had higher classification accuracy and could provide more information about leaf shape,whereas TMMs could provide more information about leaf size.Based on our results,GMMs are promising in the study of leaf morphological variation within Q.dentata provenances.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075043)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ126)。
文摘Recently,solution-processed quantum dot lightemitting diodes(QLEDs)have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation lighting and display devices.However,when given a constant voltage or current,the QLEDs need a certain working time to reach their maximum brightness.Such positive aging challenge,dramatically reducing the response speed of the device and causing a luminescence delay,is urgent to be investigated and resolved.In the current work,we introduce a charge-storage layer architecture by inserting copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)between the organic holeinjection layer and hole-transport layer.The extracted holes will be released during the next electrical signal stimulation to increase the efficiency of charge transport.As a result,the response speed of the QLEDs is improved by an order of magnitude.In addition,by inserting an inorganic CuSCN layer,the efficiency,lifetime,and environmental stability of red/green/blue full-color QLEDs are enhanced simultaneously.Moreover,this work provides a generic strategy for the fabrication of fast-response and high-efficiency full-color QLEDs without luminescence delay,which plays a critical role in the practical industrialization of QLEDs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075043)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ126).
文摘Interactive display devices integrating multiple functions have become a development trend of display technology.The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)make it an ideal luminescent material for the next generation of wide-color gamut displays.Here we design and fabricate dual-function light-sensing/displaying light-emitting devices based on PQDs.The devices can display information as an output port,and simultaneously sense outside light signals as an input port and modulate the display information in a non-contact mode.The dual functions were attributed to the device designs:(1)the hole transport layer in the devices also acts as the light-sensing layer to absorb outside light signals;(2)the introduced hole trapping layer interface can trap holes originating from the light-sensing layer,and thus tune the charge transport properties and the light-emitting intensities.The sensing and display behavior of the device can be further modulated by light signals with different time and space information.This fusion of sensing and display functions has broad prospects in non-contact interactive screens and communication ports.
