China’s Changing Family Structure and Adolescent Development

This paper examines the relationship between family structure and junior high school students’educational and psychosocial development and its intermediate mechanisms.Our findings show,firstly,that family structure affects children’s development,and children living with both parents have better educational and psychosocial development than those without one or both parents.Secondly,family structure affects children’s development to some extent through the two mechanisms of family socioeconomic status and parental participation in education.Thirdly,fathers and mothers play different roles in children’s development.Mothers are more important to children’s educational development,while fathers are more important to their psychosocial development.In addition,the distribution of family structure shows marked group heterogeneity,and families lacking both parents tend to be groups with a lower socioeconomic status.Since adolescent development is closely related to the acquisition of socioeconomic status in adulthood,the negative impact of parental absence on children’s development should not be neglected by academics and policy researchers.

Rural Industry and Its Social Foundation in the Integrated Urban-Rural Development Process:A Case Study of Processing in Remote Villages under the Jurisdiction of City L,Zhejiang Province

Rural industry provides an important basis for rural revitalization, and its development can promote urban-rural integration. Rural China has long had complex and diverse rural industries whose existence and development is founded on rural society. Complex and varied rural industries have long existed in rural China, where local society provides the social foundation for their existence and development. One example is the processing of supplied materials or putting-out system(lailiao jiagong 来料加工) in remote rural areas under the jurisdiction of City L, Zhejiang. In recent years, industries in the developed areas of Zhejiang have expanded to remote villages through processing to order, driving the growth of rural industries in remote areas. The processing of supplied materials is a link in the global production chain. Flexible decentralized processing links surplus rural labor in remote areas to the vast global market. The industry’s production process is deeply embedded in local society;interpersonal relationships and social ethics facilitate production management, forming a social foundation for the development of rural industry. Social ethics in these areas takes the particular operational form of sensitive cultivation of personal relationships or 'human feelings.' The processing of supplied materials has shaped the distinctive character of rural development and provides a route for social transformation. To implement the strategy of rural revitalization, besides provision of land, finance and industrial policy, China needs to handle the social foundation of rural areas rationally, make full use of rural social resources and stimulate endogenous motivation in rural society.

Ideological Expectations for Value Consensus in Chinese Society

Surveys have shown that popular ideology has tended to move from pluralism to clustering around dualism at this sensitive and critical moment for the formation of value consensus in contemporary China. The formation of a “value consensus” or “common values”must answer three questions： “What is ‘common＇ about this consensus？” How can “consensus” be reached？ “How can‘values＇ be legitimated？”On the basis of survey information, this paper presents the basic argument that what is common lies in ethics; consensus in spirit; and value legitimacy in our national cultural home. Ordinary people have three major ideological expectations of value consensus in contemporary China： expectation of ethical enlightenment with the theme of turning ＂I＂ into ＂we＂; expectation of a spiritual baptism with the value ＂unity of the individual and the universal＂ and expectation of the endeavor to ＂return home.＂ Specifically, their content is as follows： to protect ethical existence and undertake the reenlightenment of ethical consciousness at the national, family and group levels; to sublate ＂atomistic exploration＂ of the theory and mode of rationalistic ethics and carry out the ＂spiritual＂ construction of the three great ethical entities of society, state and family; and to ＂go back home＂ to national cultural traditions and ethics and build value legitimacy. These three major expectations can be condensed into three ideas： protecting ethics, reviving ＂spirit＂ and going back ＂home.＂

The Internal Labor Market and the Transformation of Labor Relations in China:Based on Survey Data and Fieldwork on Migrant Workers in the Pearl River Delta

Our survey data on migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta region from 2006 to 2010 and recent fieldwork show that the enactment of the Labor Contract Law encouraged both the signing of labor contracts and the long-term nature of these contracts, making enterprises more willing to increase investment in human capital, increase employee insurance and welfare and give more attention to human-centered management, leading eventually to the establishment of an internal labor market that incorporates migrant workers. This is accompanied by progress in human resources management techniques and strategies in SMEs and private enterprise. Although the Labor Contract Law to some extent intensified the tendency for migrant workers to undertake collective protection of their rights, the establishment of an internal labor market could also ease the tension between labor and capital and lead to employees becoming more rational and prudent in safeguarding their rights, thereby providing a basis for a transition from confrontation to win-win cooperation between labor and capital. The Labor Contract Law has accelerated and strengthened the trend of individualized development in China’s labor relations. The protection of labor rights through the two channels of the 'rigid' legal system and 'flexible' internal management can help reduce the risk of large-scale collective labor disputes and establish a relatively harmonious institutionalized labor relationship.

The Global Governance of Terrorism: An Assessment of Different Regimes

Breakthroughs in the global governance of terrorism depend mainly on the development on the part of the international community of thorough and effective mechanisms.At present,global governance targets terrorism via four regimes:hegemonic governance;governance by international organizations;hybrid governance;and coordinated governance by major powers.These strategies have made a contribution to counter-terrorism,but they do have shortcomings.We start with the judgment that governance entities should adhere to the logic of consequences,the logic of appropriateness,the logic of emotion and the logic of habitus,and on this basis make a preliminary assessment of the global governance of terrorism.Present terrorism governance regimes tend to be based on the thinking of the logic of consequences with only partial implementation of the logic of appropriateness and no use,so far,of counterterrorism measures based on the logic of emotion and the logic of habitus.To address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism,international society should encourage governance strategies that implement counter-terrorism measures based on the four types of logic above and should promote coordination and cooperation based on this platform.In this course,China could promote a more significant role in global terrorism governance for such counter-terrorism platforms as the United Nations,including the Security Council,and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

Publicness:The Basis of Constructing a Public Administration Discipline in China

The legitimacy crisis of public administration has a long history.From a historical perspective,an analysis of five Western pathways in the discipline of public administration shows that the roots of this crisis lie in the lack of a public nature.From a theoretical perspective,the“publicness”of public administration should be defined along the dimensions of public administration powers,actors,targets,methods and values.In terms of practice,the uniqueness of China’s public power framework,the influence of traditional political culture on the public nature of Chinese public administration and the provisions governing this public nature at different stages of China’s development constitute the unique public nature of the construction of Chinese public administration.The discipline construction of Chinese public administration should be rebuilt so that its public nature forms the basis of its legitimacy,in accord with historical logic,theoretical logic and practical logic.We should construct a publicness discourse system of Chinese public administration that adheres to the value guidance of publicness and should frame research topics on the basis of publicness.This will ultimately form a research paradigm for the public nature of public administration that will consolidate the foundation of the legitimacy of the discipline construction of public administration.

The Constitutional Consciousness of Chinese Citizens over 60 Years of Social Change

Constitutional consciousness is a general term for citizens＇ knowledge, opinions, ideas and thinking about the Constitution. It not only drives the implementation of the Constitution and the development of democratic politics and the rule of law, but also serves as an indicator for the extent of the rule of law. In the course of social change, constitutional consciousness constitutes an inner spiritual force within the constitutional order. It is a force for change in itself, especially as ＂a cultural soft power＂ that remolds normative judgments and value bases. A stable and mature constitutional consciousness provides a foundation for the benign operation of social change. Over the past 60 years, the development of Chinese society has followed a tortuous path, but due to citizens＇ constitutional consciousness the 1954 and 1982 Constitutions were always vehicles and forces for social cohesion and harmony. The way to improve supervision of constitutional implementation is to truly make rule of law thinking centered on constitutional consciousness into the basic value consensus of citizens and different groups at the level of the nation, the government and society. Adhering to the concept of the supremacy of the Constitution and exploring ways and means of adopting a more reasonable, pragmatic and open approach to its implementation will provide a solid constitutional foundation for the full implementation of governing the country according to law and will advance the construction of a rule of law China.

A Twofold Perspective on Research on Marx and Engels' Classic Texts

Study of the classic texts of Marx and Engels should employ two perspectives： Marxist philosophical history and Marxist philosophical principles. The two cannot be separated, still less contradictory. In dealing creatively with these classic works, we must firmly uphold the methodology of historical materialism, read them in accordance with the authors＇ original intentions and approach them creatively. We need to oppose research styles that place undue emphasis on the researcher＇s own interpretations and constructions. Research on Marxist philosophy should develop on the basis of respect, study and correct understanding of Marx and Engels＇ classic works; different readings of these texts must not be allowed to construct a pluralist Marxism. This is of great importance for consolidating the leading position of Marxism in the sphere of ideology.

Changes of Electoral Politics under the Growing Wealth Gap in East Asia since the Global Financial Crisis:South Korea and China's Taiwan in Comparison

The economic recession caused by the global financial crisis of 2008 affected political change across the world in different ways. Economic and social problems turned into political crises in North Africa. In Europe and America, dissatisfaction over such problems caused social unrest but did not imperil the political order. In East Asia, where competitive party politics have just emerged, the financial crisis sparked a correlative political and economic reaction model involving economic recession--growing wealth gap--public policy transition in electoral politics. Major electoral campaigns over the past five years in China＇s Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and other economies in East Asia indicate thatprlorltizing economic growth and equitable distribution are emerging to be common core issues in different parties＇ electoral competition despite remnant historical questions and highly politicized issues. The new electoral politics based on public policy competition has gained greater space for development against the background of an economic recession and a growing wealth gap, and is exerting a profound influence on the political and economic development process in East Asia.

Poverty Alleviation Practice and Theoretical Exploration Based on Small-Farm Household Production: A Case Study of a Small-farm “NestedMarket” Poverty Alleviation Trial

Market-oriented industry-type poverty alleviation has played an important role in targeted poverty alleviation in China, but this approach has had difficulty in obtaining comprehensive coverage of extremely poor small-farm households and faces many challenges. We therefore need to explore and innovate a variety of ways of alleviating poverty among poor small-farm households. A project for 'poverty alleviation through nested market small-farm production' has been running for eight years in the villages of Taihang Mountains, Hebei Province. It started from the livelihood resources already possessed by small-farm households, then converted farm production of healthy agricultural products and local specialties into an 'industry' that took ordinary urban consumers’ demand for healthy foods as the corresponding exit point and nested markets as the organizational form of transaction and interaction. The trial shows that mutual trust and participation between the rural poor and the urban population has successfully transformed poor households’ livelihood resources and social capital into income, achieving accurate, stable and sustainable poverty alleviation and highlighting the concepts of innovation, coordination, and green and shared development.

The Rise and Impact of Financial Capitalism:A Sociological Analysis of New Forms of Capitalism

Compared with Karl Polanyi’s first Great Transformation,the emergence of the even more influential financial capitalism can be called the second Great Transformation.The global expansion of financial capitalism has extended its power beyond the remit of nation-states as governments,firms,families and individuals are increasingly guided and reshaped by financial markets,producing a trend toward the financialization of social life.An important social consequence is the ever more marked separation of financial markets from society,a separation that has gradually eroded the power of the state,trade unions and civil society and aggravated the employment crises,the polarization of rich and poor and the structural inequality of developed capitalist countries.In the face of society’s erosion by financial capital,the West has taken measures of social self-protection,but these have so far had little effect.To establish a new financial and market governance structure at the global level that will effectively cope with the negative impact of financial capitalism is a long and arduous task.

Adaptive Social Mobilization in Grassroots Policy Implementation:Administrative Control and Multiple Participation

Grassroots policy implementation is an important link in China’s governance practice.Previous studies have analyzed the causes of divergence from policy goals or distorted implementation from the perspective of administrative control,or explored the impact of informal institutions on policy processes from the perspective of policy mobilization.However,both perspectives incline to static or fragmentary analysis and tend to be confined within the bureaucracy,ignoring the government’s mobilization of society.Our case study analysis of County T in Province Z shows that people engaged in implementing grassroots policy can develop varying mobilization strategies on the basis of different combinations of administrative control and social mobilization capacity.In the course of policy implementation,the boundaries and relationships between hierarchical control and social mobilization and between government departments and grassroots society can evolve according to the requirements of policy performance.This implementation process is generally expressed as“adaptive social mobilization.”Our findings could lead to a rethinking of the nature of social governance in contemporary China and explain the paradox of the simultaneous strengthening of administrative control and social participation.

Marx’s International Outlook and Its Contemporary Value

Marx probed into the laws of the evolution of world history and the international system from the perspective of grand history,incisively revealing the inherent historical dynamics and evolutionary secrets of the laws of this development and thus providing a new analytical framework for our understanding of the nature of international relations and the characteristics of the era.Compared with related international relations theories of the same period,Marx’s international outlook had a unique class standpoint and methodological principles and adopted rigorous speculative logic and lofty values.Marx conducted scientific research and dialectical analysis of the laws of evolution and the intrinsic nature of international society,especially the historical mission of the proletariat.These ideas,unique in the intellectual and theoretical spectrum of international relations,provide an intellectual guide for the innovation of Chinese diplomatic theory in the new era.