Improved genome annotation of Brassica oleracea highlights the importance of alternative splicing

Brassica oleracea has been developed into many important crops,including cabbage,kale,cauliflower,broccoli and so on.The genome and gene annotation of cabbage(cultivar JZS),a representative morphotype of B.oleracea,has been widely used as a common reference in biological research.Although its genome assembly has been updated twice,the current gene annotation still lacks information on untranslated regions(UTRs)and alternative splicing(AS).Here,we constructed a high-quality gene annotation(JZSv3)using a full-length transcriptome acquired by nanopore sequencing,yielding a total of 59452 genes and 75684 transcripts.Additionally,we re-analyzed the previously reported transcriptome data related to the development of different tissues and cold response using JZSv3 as a reference,and found that 3843 out of 11908 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)underwent AS during the development of different tissues and 309 out of 903 cold-related genes underwent AS in response to cold stress.Meanwhile,we also identified many AS genes,including BolLHCB5 and BolHSP70,that displayed distinct expression patterns within variant transcripts of the same gene,highlighting the importance of JZSv3 as a pivotal reference for AS analysis.Overall,JZSv3 provides a valuable resource for exploring gene function,especially for obtaining a deeper understanding of AS regulation mechanisms.

食管癌微创手术方式对患者近期手术质量的影响

目的观察食管癌微创手术在食管癌患者中的临床效果。方法将60例食管癌患者分为研究组与对照组;对照组采用开放手术治疗;研究组患者采用微创手术治疗,对比两组患者手术效果。结果研究组患者在各项手术指标中均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论微创手术在食管癌患者中具有良好的临床效果,值得推广。

Inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway suppresses the expression of extracellular matrix induced by CTGF or TGF-β in ARPE-19

AIM:To investigate the role of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y27632, in mediating the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components including fibronectin, matrix metallo-proteinase-2 (MMP-2) and type I collagen as induced by connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. METHODS:The effect of Y27632 on the CTGF or TGF-β induced phenotype in ARPE-19 cells was measured with immunocytochemistry as the change in F-actin. ARPE-19 cells were treated with CTGF (1, 10, 100ng/mL)and TGF-β (10ng/mL) in serum free media, and analyzed for fibronectin, laminin, and MMP-2 and type I collagen by RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry. Cells were also pretreated with an ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, to analyze the signaling contributing to ECM production. ·RESULTS:Treatment of ARPE-19 cells in culture with TGF-β or CTGF induced an ECM change from a cobblestone morphology to a more elongated swirl pattern indicating a mesenchymal phenotype. RT-qPCR analysis and different gene expression analysis demonstrated an upregulation in expression of genes associated with cytoskeletal structure and motility. CTGFor TGF-β significantly increased expression of fibronectin mRNA (P =0.006, P =0.003 respectively), laminin mRNA (P =0.006, P =0.005), MMP-2 mRNA (P =0.006, P =0.001), COL1A1 mRNA (P =0.001, P =0.001), COL1A2 mRNA (P = 0.001, P =0.001). Preincubation of ARPE-19 with Y27632 (10mmol/L) significantly prevented CTGF or TGF-β induced fibronectin (P=0.005, P=0.003 respectively), MMP-2 (P = 0.003, P =0.002), COL1A1 (P =0.006, P =0.003), and COL1A2 (P =0.006, P =0.004) gene expression, but not laminin (P =0.375, P =0.516). CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that both TGF-β and CTGF upregulate the expression of ECM components including fibronectin, laminin, MMP-2 and type I collagen by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. During this process, ARPE-19 cells were shown to change from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype in vitro. Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, inhibited the transcription of fibronectin, MMP-2 and type I collagen, but not laminin. The data from our work suggest a role for CTGF as a profibrotic mediator. Inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway represents a potential target to prevent the fibrosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. This might lead to a novel therapeutic approach to preventing the onset of early proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).

单操作孔胸腔镜下胸膜纤维板剥脱术治疗慢性结核性脓胸的可行性分析

目的探讨单操作孔胸腔镜下胸膜纤维板剥脱术治疗慢性结核性脓胸的可行性。方法回顾性分析绍兴市立医院2013年1月-2016年5月微创治疗慢性结核性脓胸52例,其中50例在单操作孔胸腔镜下行胸膜纤维板剥脱术,2例改胸腔镜辅助小切口。结果围手术期无死亡,手术时间60~240 min,平均160 min,术中出血150~2 000 ml,平均350 ml,术后放置胸管时间3~21 d,平均7 d,术后持续漏气3例,局限性肺不张3例,切口感染1例,胸腔渗血1例,心律失常3例,均经过相应治疗后痊愈。失访3例,其余49例随访3~36个月,肺复张良好,效果满意。结论严格选择适应证的条件下单操作孔胸腔镜下胸膜纤维板剥脱术治疗慢性结核性脓胸安全可行,值得应用推广。

肺结核空洞伴曲霉菌感染并咯血的外科治疗

目的探讨外科手术治疗肺结核空洞伴曲霉菌感染并咯血的原则、方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析该院2013年1月-2016年12月收治的施行外科手术治疗肺结核空洞伴曲霉菌感染并咯血的25例患者临床资料。行胸腔镜辅助小切口治疗23例,标准后外侧切口2例。其中,右肺上叶切除13例,右肺下叶切除2例,左肺上叶切除6例,左肺下叶切除1例,左全肺切除1例,右肺上叶合并右肺下叶背段切除1例,右肺上中叶合并右肺下叶背段切除1例,全组未作胸廓成形术。结果围手术期死亡1例,为健肺肺部感染导致呼吸衰竭。局限性肺不张8例,心律失常7例,胸腔渗血1例,反复少量咯血1例,均采用相应治疗痊愈,复查胸部CT肺复张良好。术后失访2例,其余22例随访3~36个月,咯血、痰血消失,痰抗酸杆菌涂片均转阴,咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷和胸痛等症状明显缓解,生活质量提高,效果满意。结论外科手术治疗肺结核空洞伴曲霉菌感染并咯血的效果确切,安全可行,对于符合指征的患者应不失时机地进行手术治疗。

Computational aesthetics and applications

Computational aesthetics,which bridges science and art,is emerging as a new interdisciplinary field.This paper concentrates on two main aspects of computational aesthetics:aesthetic measurement and quantification,generative art,and then proposes a design generation framework.On aesthetic measurement and quantification,we review different types of features used in measurement,the currently used evaluation methods,and their applications.On generative art,we focus on both fractal art and abstract paintings modeled on well-known artists’styles.In general,computational aesthetics exploits computational methods for aesthetic expressions.In other words,it enables computer to appraise beauty and ugliness and also automatically generate aesthetic images.Computational aesthetics has been widely applied to many areas,such as photography,fine art,Chinese hand-writing,web design,graphic design,and industrial design.We finally propose a design generation methodology,utilizing techniques from both aesthetic measurements and generative art.

Segmental Translocation Contributed to the Origin of the Brassica S-locus

Self-incompatibility(SI),which has recurred during the evolution of plants,is one of the most important cross-pollination mating systems.Three S-loci have been reported in Brassicaceae,namely,Arabidopsis lyrata(Al),Brassica(Br),and Leavenworthia alabamica(La)S-loci.Here,through multi-genomic comparative analysis of 20 species,we revealed that the most ancient S-locus was formed prior to the divergence of Brassicaceae lineage I and II.Itwas retained and inherited by Arabidopsis,as the Al S-locus in Brassicaceae lineage I.Furthermore,we found that the Br S-locus,which has been widely used in the breeding of Brassica crops to generate hybrid seeds,was formed through segmental translocation(ST)in the hexaploid ancestor of Brassica in Brassicaceae lineage II.The Br S-locus was evolved through a ST from one of the triplicated ancestral S-locus paralogs in the Brassica hexaploidy ancestor,while the other two S-locus paralogs were lost.Together with the previous discovery that the La S-locus was formed through a secondary origin in Brassicaceae lineage I,we conclude the monophyletic origin of Al and Br S-loci and clarify the evolutionary route of S-loci in the Brassicaceae family.Our findings will contribute to evolutionary studies and breeding applications of the S-locus in Brassicaceae.

A proposal:a comprehensive platform to characterize tumors in Chinese and improve success in cancer drug discovery and development

Cancer is a collection of complex diseases in which cell proliferation and apoptosis are dysregulated due to the acquisition of genetic changes in cancer cells.These genetic changes,combined with the interrelated physiologic adaptations of neo-angiogenesis,recruitment of stromal support tissues,and suppression of immune recognition,are measurable characteristics in tumor gene expression profiles and biochemical pathways.These measures can lead to identification of disease drivers and,ultimately,can be used to assign therapy.With advances in RNA sequencing technologies,the ability to simultaneously measure all genetic and gene expression changes with a single technology is now possible.The ability to create a comprehensive catalog of genotypic and phenotypic changes in a collection of histologically similar but otherwise distinct tumors should allow for a more precise positioning of existing targeted therapies and identification of new targets for intervention.

Maize cryptochromes 1a1 and 1a2 promote seedling photomorphogenesis and shade resistance in Zea mays and Arabidopsis

Maize growth and development are regulated by light quality,intensity and photoperiod.Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors involved in stem elongation,shade avoidance,and photoperiodic flowering.To investigate the function of cryptochrome 1(CRY1) in maize,where it is encoded by Zm CRY1,we obtained two Zm CRY1a genes(Zm CRY1a1 and Zm CRY1a2),both of which share the highest similarity with other gramineous plants,in particular rice CRY1a by phylogenetic analysis.In Arabidopsis,overexpression of Zm CRY1a genes promoted seedling de-etiolation under blue and white light,resulting in dwarfing of mature plants.In seedlings of the maize inbred line Zong 31(Zm CRY1aOE),overexpression of Zm CRY1a genes caused a reduction in the mesocotyl and first leaf sheath lengths due to down-regulation of genes influencing cell elongation.In mature transgenic maize plants,plant height,ear height,and internode length decreased in response to overexpression of Zm CRY1a genes.Expression of Zm CRY1a were insensitive to low blue light(LBL)-induced shade avoidance syndrome(SAS) in Arabidopsis and maize.This prompted us to investigate the regulatory role of the gibberellin and auxin metabolic pathways in the response of Zm CRY1a genes to LBL treatment.We confirmed a link between Zm CRY1a expression and hormonal influence on the growth and development of maize under LBL-induced SAS.These results reveal that Zm CRY1a has a relatively conservative function in regulating maize photomorphogenesis and may guide new strategies for breeding high density-tolerant maize cultivars.

Epitaxial Lift-Off of Flexible GaN‑Based HEMT Arrays with Performances Optimization by the Piezotronic Effect

High-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)are a promising device in the field of radio frequency and wireless communication.However,to unlock the full potential of HEMTs,the fabrication of large-size flexible HEMTs is required.Herein,a large-sized(>2 cm^(2))of AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure-based HEMTs were successfully stripped from sapphire substrate to a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate by an electrochemical lift-off technique.The piezotronic effect was then induced to optimize the electron transport performance by modulating/tuning the physical properties of two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)and phonons.The saturation current of the flexible HEMT is enhanced by 3.15%under the 0.547%tensile condition,and the thermal degradation of the HEMT was also obviously suppressed under compressive straining.The corresponding electrical performance changes and energy diagrams systematically illustrate the intrinsic mechanism.This work not only provides in-depth understanding of the piezotronic effect in tuning 2DEG and phonon properties in GaN HEMTs,but also demonstrates a low-cost method to optimize its electronic and thermal properties.

基于市政道路项目工程总承包的模拟清单应用研究

在工程总承包中应用模拟清单可以避免施工图预算后审模式存在的不足。本文分析模拟清单运行模式及优点,重点分析在市政道路项目中应用模拟清单面临的问题,包括清单编制难度、投资控制难度、合同履行争议等,具体阐述提高建设各方应对能力的建议措施,包括加强总承包管理能力、推荐初步设计后总承包模式、合理选择可研后总承包合同形式、注重应用统一的编制及计价规则、提高综合业务能力、加强两个要点的编制、选择合理报价策略、结合合同分析等。

Enhanced performance of AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with linearly graded AlGaN inserting layer in electron blocking layer

The conventional stationary Al content Al GaN electron blocking layer(EBL) in ultraviolet light-emitting diode(UV LED) is optimized by employing a linearly graded Al Ga N inserting layer which is 2.0 nm Al_(0.3) Ga_(0.7) N/5.0 nm Alx Ga_(1-x) N/8.0 nm Al_(0.3) Ga_(0.7) N with decreasing value of x. The results indicate that the internal quantum efficiency is significantly improved and the efficiency droop is mitigated by using the proposed structure. These improvements are attributed to the increase of the effective barrier height for electrons and the reduction of the effective barrier height for holes,which result in an increased hole injection efficiency and a decreased electron leakage into the p-type region. In addition,the linearly graded AlGaN inserting layer can generate more holes in EBL due to the polarization-induced hole doping and a tunneling effect probably occurs to enhance the hole transportation to the active regions, which will be beneficial to the radiative recombination.

Different Turbulent Regimes and Vertical Turbulence Structures of the Urban Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer

Turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer(NBL)is still not well characterized,especially over complex underlying surfaces.Herein,gradient tower data and eddy covariance data collected by the Beijing 325-m tower were used to better understand the differentiating characteristics of turbulence regimes and vertical turbulence structure of urban the NBL.As for heights above the urban canopy layer(UCL),the relationship between turbulence velocity scale(VTKE)and wind speed(V)was consistent with the“HOckey-Stick”(HOST)theory proposed for a relatively flat area.Four regimes have been identified according to urban nocturnal stable boundary layer.Regime 1 occurs where local shear plays a leading role for weak turbulence under the constraint that the wind speed V<VT(threshold wind speed).Regime 2 is determined by the existence of strong turbulence that occurs when V>VT and is mainly driven by bulk shear.Regime 3 is identified by the existence of moderate turbulence when upside-down turbulence sporadic bursts occur in the presence of otherwise weak turbulence.Regime 4 is identified as buoyancy turbulence,when V>VT,and the turbulence regime is affected by a combination of local wind shear,bulk shear and buoyancy turbulence.The turbulence activities demonstrated a weak thermal stratification dependency in regime 1,for which within the UCL,the turbulence intensity was strongly affected by local wind shear when V<VT.This study further showed typical examples of different stable boundary layers and the variations between turbulence regimes by analyzing the evolution of wind vectors.Partly because of the influence of large-scale motions,the power spectral density of vertical velocity for upsidedown structure showed an increase at low frequencies.The upside-down structures were also characterized by the highest frequency of the stable stratifications in the higher layer.

Experimental study on evolution of bed structures of natural mountain rivers

Bed structures in many mountain rivers provide additional resistance to the flow. A field experiment was conducted on debris flow deposits in the valley of the Jiangjiagou Ravine, a tributary of the Yangtze River in southwestern China, to study the evolution and distribution of bed structures and their relationship with environmental conditions. Water and sediment from the Jiangjiagou main stream were diverted into the experimental channel. Several hydrological schemes were adopted to scour the channel until equilibrium was reached. During this process the evolutions of bed structures and channel configuration were investigated. The results indicate that stronger bed structures mean greater stream power consumption, greater resistance, and greater slope in a certain section when rivers are in dynamic equilibrium. Thus, to some extent the longitudinal profiles of channels can be determined by the distribution of bed structures. In natural cases, the strength and evolution of bed structures are under the influence of environmental conditions such as discharge and bed-load transportation rate. That is, given the same conditions, the same bed structure distribution and longitudinal profile can be predicted.

ZmMYC7 directly regulates ZmERF147 to increase maize resistance to Fusarium graminearum

The jasmonic acid(JA)signaling pathway is involved in plant growth,development,and response to abiotic or biotic stresses.MYC2,a bHLH transcription factor,is a regulatory hub in the pathway.The function of ZmMYC7,a putative MYC2 ortholog,in jasmonate-signaled defense responses of maize has not been reported.In this study,we found that ZmMYC7 possesses JID,TAD,bHLH and Zip domains and essential characteristics of transcription factors:a nuclear location and transactivation activity.The ZmMYC7mutants showed markedly increased sensitivity to Fusarium graminearum and Setosphaeria turcica.The expression levels of the defense-associated genes ZmPR1,ZmPR2,ZmPR3,ZmPR5,ZmPR6,and ZmPR7 in response to F.graminearum infection were downregulated in ZmMYC7 mutants,while ZmPR4 and ZmPR10 were up-regulated.ZmMYC7 interacted with members of the ZmJAZ family,including ZmJAZ8,ZmJAZ11,and ZmJAZ12.ZmMYC7 physically interacted with G-box cis-elements in the ZmERF147 promoter in vitro and transcriptional activation of ZmERF147 by ZmMYC7 was inhibited by ZmJAZ11 and ZmJAZ12.ZmERF147 mutants were more susceptible to F.graminearum infection than inbred line B73with concomitant down-regulation of all defense-associated ZmPRs except ZmPR4.These findings indicate that ZmMYC7 functions in maize resistance to F.graminearum and sheds light on maize defense responses to pathogenic fungi via the JA signaling pathway.

Visual order of Chinese ink paintings

Visual order is one of the key factors influencing the aesthetic judgment of artworks.This paper reports the results of evaluating the influence of extracted features on visual order in Chinese ink paintings,using a regression model.We use nine contemporary artists’paintings as examples and extract features related to the visual order of their paintings.A questionnaire survey is conducted to collect people’s rating scores on the visual order.Via regression modeling,our research analyzes the significance of each feature and validates the influences of the features on the visual order.

A New Diagnostic Method Applied to Gearbox Missing Gear Faults——LOD-ICA

With the increasingly stringent requirements for carbon emissions,countries have increased the scale of clean energy use in recent years.As an important new clean energy source,the ratio of wind power in energy utilization has been increasing.The horizontal axis wind turbine is the main form of wind power generation,which is subject to random wind loads during operation and is prone to various failures after a long period of operation,resulting in reduced power generation efficiency or even shutdown.In order to ensure stable external power transmission,it is necessary to perform fault diagnosis for wind turbines.However,the traditional time-frequency analysis method is defective.This paper proposes a new LOD-ICA method to realize the resolution of the vibration signals mode mixing problem incorporated the merits of both methods.The LOD-ICA method and the LOD method based on noise-assisted analysis decompose the same signal to produce different signal components.The feasibility of the LOD-ICA method was verified by comparing the correlation coefficients between each of the signal components generated by the two methods and the original signal.In the field of wind turbine fault diagnosis,the LOD-ICA method is employed to the fault characteristics of gearboxes to extract the fault signs of vibration signals,further demonstrated the superiority of the LOD-ICA method in processing vibration signals of rotating machinery.

原发性膜性肾病与乙肝病毒相关性膜性肾病的鉴别诊断:一例报告并文献复习

乙肝病毒相关性膜性肾病(hepatitisBvirus-associated membranous nephropathy,HBV-MN)是常见的继发性膜性肾病。以往研究显示,M型磷脂酶A2受体(M-type phospholipase A2 receptor,PLA2R)是参与特发性膜性肾病(idiopathic membranous nephropathy,IMN)发病的主要抗原[1];患者肾组织的PLA2R阳性和血清的PLA2R抗体(PLA2R antibody,PLA2Rab)阳性有助于区分IMN和继发性膜性肾病。近年研究显示,肾组织PLA2R以及血清PLA2Rab在HBV-MN患者中也有一定表达。

Artificial intelligence system for outcome evaluations of human in vitro fertilization-derived embryos

Background:In vitro fertilization(IVF)has emerged as a transformative solution for infertility.However,achieving favorable live-birth outcomes remains challenging.Current clinical IVF practices in IVF involve the collection of heterogeneous embryo data through diverse methods,including static images and temporal videos.However,traditional embryo selection methods,primarily reliant on visual inspection of morphology,exhibit variability and are contingent on the experience of practitioners.Therefore,an automated system that can evaluate heterogeneous embryo data to predict the final outcomes of live births is highly desirable.Methods:We employed artificial intelligence(AI)for embryo morphological grading,blastocyst embryo selection,aneuploidy prediction,and final live-birth outcome prediction.We developed and validated the AI models using multitask learning for embryo morphological assessment,including pronucleus type on day 1 and the number of blastomeres,asymmetry,and fragmentation of blastomeres on day 3,using 19,201 embryo photographs from 8271 patients.A neural network was trained on embryo and clinical metadata to identify good-quality embryos for implantation on day 3 or day 5,and predict live-birth outcomes.Additionally,a 3D convolutional neural network was trained on 418 time-lapse videos of preimplantation genetic testing(PGT)-based ploidy outcomes for the prediction of aneuploidy and consequent live-birth outcomes.Results:These two approaches enabled us to automatically assess the implantation potential.By combining embryo and maternal metrics in an ensemble AI model,we evaluated live-birth outcomes in a prospective cohort that achieved higher accuracy than experienced embryologists(46.1%vs.30.7%on day 3,55.0%vs.40.7%on day 5).Our results demonstrate the potential for AI-based selection of embryos based on characteristics beyond the observational abilities of human clinicians(area under the curve:0.769,95%confidence interval:0.709-0.820).These findings could potentially provide a noninvasive,high-throughput,and low-cost screening tool to facilitate embryo selection and achieve better outcomes.Conclusions:Our study underscores the AI model’s ability to provide interpretable evidence for clinicians in assisted reproduction,highlighting its potential as a noninvasive,efficient,and cost-effective tool for improved embryo selection and enhanced IVF outcomes.The convergence of cutting-edge technology and reproductive medicine has opened new avenues for addressing infertility challenges and optimizing IVF success rates.

动态全场光学相干断层扫描结合深度学习在肿瘤患者术中诊断的应用:一项乳腺癌患者的前瞻性队列研究

An intraoperative diagnosis is critical for precise cancer surgery. However, traditional intraoperative assessments based on hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) histology, such as frozen section, are time-,resource-, and labor-intensive, and involve specimen-consuming concerns. Here, we report a near-real-time automated cancer diagnosis workflow for breast cancer that combines dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography(D-FFOCT), a label-free optical imaging method, and deep learning for bedside tumor diagnosis during surgery. To classify the benign and malignant breast tissues, we conducted a prospective cohort trial. In the modeling group(n = 182), D-FFOCT images were captured from April 26 to June 20, 2018, encompassing 48 benign lesions, 114 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC), 10 invasive lobular carcinoma, 4 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), and 6 rare tumors. Deep learning model was built up and fine-tuned in 10,357 D-FFOCT patches. Subsequently, from June 22 to August 17, 2018, independent tests(n = 42) were conducted on 10 benign lesions, 29 IDC, 1 DCIS, and 2 rare tumors. The model yielded excellent performance, with an accuracy of 97.62%, sensitivity of 96.88% and specificity of 100%;only one IDC was misclassified. Meanwhile, the acquisition of the D-FFOCT images was non-destructive and did not require any tissue preparation or staining procedures. In the simulated intraoperative margin evaluation procedure, the time required for our novel workflow(approximately 3 min)was significantly shorter than that required for traditional procedures(approximately 30 min). These findings indicate that the combination of D-FFOCT and deep learning algorithms can streamline intraoperative cancer diagnosis independently of traditional pathology laboratory procedures.