NH_(4)Cl-assisted synthesis of TaON nanoparticle applied to photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution from water

Oxynitride semiconductors are promising photocatalyst materials for visible light-driven water splitting,while the synthesis of well crystalized oxynitride still remains challenge.In present work,narrow-bandgap TaON nanoparticles are synthesized via heating a vacuum-sealed mixture of KTaO_(3),Ta and NH_(4)Cl.This method possesses multiple advantages in terms of lower calcination parameter,higher N conversion efficiency and superior photocatalytic activity in comparison with the traditional thermal ammonolysis using NH_(3) gas as a nitrogen source.Through the analysis of intermediates produced upon the elevation of heating temperature,a gas-solid-phase reaction between TaCl_(5) and Ta_(2)O_(5) is demonstrated as the final step,which is conducive to decreasing thermal energy barrier and accelerating nitridation process.Precise control of preparation conditions,including calcination temperature and duration,allows for the regulation of surface O/N ratio of TaON particles to unity,resulting in optimized photocat-alytic activity.Photoelectrochemical assessment and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy provide convincing evidence for improved charge transfer effciency of photoexcited holes at TaON surface.A Z-scheme overall water splitting is accomplished by employing the TaON as an effective oxygen evolution photocatalyst,SrTiO_(3):Rh as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst,and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)as a solid-state electron mediator.This work presents a promising strategy for the synthesis of high-quality oxynitride materials in application to photocatalytic water splitting.

多槽硅胶引流导管在微创胸外科的临床应用

目的探讨多槽硅胶引流导管在微创胸外科手术中的可行性,评价术后应用该引流系统的优越性。方法选取2016年1月-2017年9月该院行胸腔镜手术的患者160例,根据术后应用引流管不同,将其分为负压组(应用多槽硅胶引流导管+自带负压硅胶球囊)和对照组(传统胸管+水封瓶),每组各80例。比较两组术后24 h胸腔引流量、总引流量、拔管时间、术后胸穿次数、术后住院时间、术后第1天与第3天疼痛程度(NRS数字分级法)及术后胸腔出现活动性出血引流效果。结果两组总引流量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);负压组术后24 h胸腔引流量升高、拔管时间缩短、胸穿次数减少、术后住院时间缩短及疼痛评分降低,负压组优于对照组(P<0.05)。负压组2例48 h时、对照组2例24 h时因活动性出血而再次手术止血。结论多槽硅胶引流导管临床应用有一定优势,但因引流槽较细、有活动性出血时易堵塞而形成凝固性血胸,故需把握不同引流装置的指征。

Targeting long non-coding RNA MALAT1 alleviates retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic mice

●AIM:To observe the effect of inhibiting long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1)on diabetic neurodegeneration.●METHODS:Thirty-six 8-week-old C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control,diabetic control,diabetic scrambled small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)and diabetic MALAT1-siRNA groups.After diabetic induction with streptozocin intraperitoneally-injection,the diabetic M A L AT 1-s i R N A g ro u p w a s i n t r av i t r e a l l y i n j e c te d with 1μL 20μmol/L MALAT1 siRNA,and the diabetic scrambled siRNA group was injected with the same amount of scrambled siRNA.Electroretinography was performed to examine photoreceptor functions 16 wk after diabetes induction.MALAT1 expression was detected via real time polymerase chain reaction.Cone morphological changes were examined using immunofluorescence.Rod morphological changes were examined by determining outer nuclear layer(ONL)thickness.●RESULTS:The upregulation of retinal MALAT1 expression was detected in the diabetic control mice,while MALAT1 expression in the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice was decreased by 91.48%compared to diabetic control mice.The diabetic MALAT1-siRNA and diabetic control mice showed lower a-wave and b-wave amplitudes than did the normal control mice in scotopic and photopic electroretinogram,while the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice showed higher amplitudes than diabetic control mice.Morphological examination revealed that ONL thickness in the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA and diabetic control mice was lower than normal control mice.However,ONL thickness was greater in the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice than diabetic control mice.Moreover,the diabetic control mice performed a sparser cone cell arrangement and shorter outer segment morphology than diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice.●CONCLUSION:Inhibiting retinal MALAT1 results in mitigative effects on the retinal photoreceptors,thus alleviating diabetic neurodegeneration.

含逆风参数和一般信念函数的价格动态模型

本文对图表分析者引入基于价格偏差的一般预期信念函数,将模型一般化。考虑到逆风者在市场中的影响,从而引入逆风参数(逆风参数指逆风者在图表分析者中所占的比例)。根据差分方程理论知识,分析了一般信念函数下系统的平衡解、稳定性、分支等,并讨论了主要参数对系统稳定性的影响。通过分析,验证了逆风者具有稳定市场的作用。

Systematic adsorption process of petroleum hydrocarbon by immobilised petroleum-degradation bacteria system in degradation pathways

In order to effectively control petroleum hydrocarbon pollution by immobilisation technology,it is necessary to understanding the degradation pathways of petroleum hydrocarbon in immobilised petroleum-degradation bacteria system.However,the adsorption in degradation process is rarely studied.In this study,adsorption process of petroleum hydrocarbon was synergistically studied by means of the surface properties,adsorption thermodynamics and molecular simulation.The results indicate that the immobilised petroleum-degradation bacteria have many holes for the bacteria to adsorb.The diesel adsorption by immobilised petroleum-degradation bacteria is a spontaneous,entropy-increasing and endothermic process.Diesel is first adsorbed to the surface of immobilised petroleum-degradation bacteria through hydrogen bonding,and then is biodegraded.This study provided substantial knowledge of immobilised technology in controlling petroleum hydrocarbon pollution.

Empirical Research on the Application of a Structure-Based Software Reliability Model

Reliability engineering implemented early in the development process has a significant impact on improving software quality.It can assist in the design of architecture and guide later testing,which is beyond the scope of traditional reliability analysis methods.Structural reliability models work for this,but most of them remain tested in only simulation case studies due to lack of actual data.Here we use software metrics for reliability modeling which are collected from source codes of post versions.Through the proposed strategy,redundant metric elements are filtered out and the rest are aggregated to represent the module reliability.We further propose a framework to automatically apply the module value and calculate overall reliability by introducing formal methods.The experimental results from an actual project show that reliability analysis at the design and development stage can be close to the validity of analysis at the test stage through reasonable application of metric data.The study also demonstrates that the proposed methods have good applicability.

Bio-Adhesives Combined with Lotus Leaf Fiber to Prepare Bio-Composites for Substituting the Plastic Packaging Materials

This work was aim to prepare a packing material from natural resources to reduce the environment pollution caused by plastics.Four bio-adhesives(guar gum,sodium alginate,agar and chitosan)were combined with lotus leaf fibers to prepare degradable composites,respectively.The mechanical properties,moisture absorption profiles and the thermal conductivity of the composites were studied and the cross section morphology and the thermal properties of the composites were analyzed.The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)results showed that the polar groups such as–OH and–COO^(–)in bio-adhesives can form hydrogen bond with–OH in lotus leaf fibers to connect the two components.The combination of agar and lotus leaf fiber was good,and their composite had the best mechanical properties,with the tensile strength,flexural strength and impact strength of 2.05,5.9 MPa and 4.29 kJ·m_(−2),respectively,and the composite had a low moisture absorption profile,and the equilibrium moisture absorption rate was 32.32%.The lotus leaf fiber/agar composite(LAC)had an excellent comprehensive performance and it was non-toxic,degradable and thermal insulating,which indicated that it had the potential to use in packaging field to substitute plastics.

Assessment of Intracardiac and Extracardiac Deformities in Patients with Various Types of Pulmonary Atresia by Dual-Source Computed Tomography

Background:Pulmonary atresia(PA)is a group of heterogeneous complex congenital heart disease.Only one study modality might not get a correct diagnosis.This study aims to investigate the diagnostic power of dualsource computed tomography(DSCT)for all intracardiac and extracardiac deformities in patients with PA compared with transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Materials and Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 79 patients and divided them into three groups according to their main diagnosis.All associated malformations and clinical information,including treatments,were recorded and compared among the three groups.The diagnostic power of DSCT and TTE on all associated malformations were compared.The surgical index(McGoon ratio,pulmonary arterials index(PAI),and total neopulmonary arterial index)and radiation dose were calculated on the basis of DSCT.Results:Of the patients,32,30,and 17 were divided into the groups of PA with ventricular septal defect(VSD),PA with VSD and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries,and PA with other major malformations,respectively.Consequently,182,162,and 13 intracardiac,extracardiac,and other major malformations were diagnosed,respectively.Moreover,DSCT showed a better diagnostic performance in extracardiac deformities(154 vs.117,p<0.001),whereas TTE could diagnose intracardiac deformities better(159 vs.139,p=0.001).The McGoon ratio,PAI,and treatment methods were significantly different among the three groups(p=0.014,p=0.008,and p=0.018,respectively).Conclusion:More than one imaging modality should be used to make a correct diagnosis when clinically suspecting PA.DSCT is superior to TTE in diagnosing extracardiac deformities and could be used to roughly calculate surgical indices to optimize treatment strategy.

Retrospective Study Efficacy of pantoprazole plus perforation repair for peptic ulcer and its effect on the stress response

BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer(PU)is an abnormal phenomenon in which there is rupture of the mucosa of the digestive tract,which not only affects patients'normal life but also causes an economic burden due to its high medical costs.AIM To investigate the efficacy of pantoprazole(PPZ)plus perforation repair in patients with PU and its effect on the stress response.METHODS The study subjects were 108 PU patients admitted between July 2018 and July 2022,including 58 patients receiving PPZ plus perforation repair[research group(RG)]and 50 patients given simple perforation repair[control group(CG)].The efficacy,somatostatin(SS)concentration,stress reaction[malondialdehyde(MDA),lipid peroxide(LPO)],inflammatory indices[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-1β],recurrence,and complications(perforation,hemorrhage,and pyloric obstruction)were compared.RESULTS The overall response rate was higher in the RG than in the CG.Patients in the RG and IL-1β were significantly reduced to lower levels than those in the CG.Lower recurrence and complication rates were identified in the RG group.CONCLUSION Therefore,PPZ plus perforation repair is conducive to enhancing treatment outcomes in PU patients,reducing oxidative stress injury and excessive inflammatory reactions,and contributing to low recurrence and complication rates.

The effects of parametrization of the dark energy equation of state

We investigate in detail the influence of parametrizations of the dark energy equation of state on reconstructing dark energy geometrical parameters, such as the deceleration parameter q（z） and Om diagnostic. We use a type Ia supernova sample, baryon acoustic oscillation data, cosmic microwave background information along with twelve observational Hubble data points to constrain cosmological parameters. With the joint analysis of these current datasets, we find that the parametrizations of w（z） have little influence on the reconstruction result of q（z） and Ore. The same is true for the transition （cosmic deceleration to acceleration） redshift zt, for which we find that for different parametrizations of w（z）, the best fitted values of zt are very close to each other （about 0.65）. All of our results are in good agreement with the ACDM model. Furthermore, using the combination of datasets, we do not find any signal of decreasing cosmic acceleration as suggested in some recent papers. The results suggest that the influence of the prior w（z） is not as severe as one may anticipate, and thus we can, to some extent, safely use a reasonable parametrization of w（z） to reconstruct some other dark energy parameters （e.g. q（z）, Ore） with a combination of datasets.

Fuzheng Huayu Capsule Improves Survival in Patients with HepatitisB-related Cirrhosis and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

Objective:Fuzheng Huayu(FZHY)capsules exert anti-liver fibrosis and cirrhosis effects.This study aimed to determine the effect of FZHY on the 6-month survival rate of patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy(OHE)and hepatitis B-related cirrhosis(HBC).Methods:A total of 517 patients with OHE and HBC treated between January 2008 and July 2018 were enrolled.Patients were divided into the FZHY(n=129)and control groups(n=388),and the 6-month survival rates were compared between the two groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to reduce the bias caused by confounding factors.Results:In multivariable regression analysis,FZHY therapy was an independent protective factor of 6-month survival.After PSM(1:2),the FZHY and control group comprised 126 and 252 patients,respectively.The 6-month survival rate was remarkably higher in the FZHY group than in the control group(P<0.005).FZHY users,especially those with a model for end-stage liver disease score>20 and Child-Pugh class C,benefited significantly from FZHY therapy.Conclusions:Adjuvant therapy with FZHY may be associated with improved survival in patients with OHE and HBC.However,further clinical studies are required to validate our findings.

一株氯霉素降解细菌的分离鉴定与代谢特性研究

微生物是介导环境中氯霉素降解转化的主要驱动者,但高效降解矿化菌株资源匮乏,氧化反应介导的代谢途径不清。为研究微生物介导下氯霉素的环境归趋过程,为氯霉素污染环境强化修复提供菌株资源,文中以受氯霉素污染的活性污泥为接种源,首先富集获得一个由红球菌Rhodococcus主导(相对丰度>70%)的氯霉素高效降解菌群,并从中分离获得一株能够高效降解氯霉素的菌株CAP-2,通过16S rRNA基因分析鉴定为红球菌Rhodococcus sp.。菌株CAP-2能在不同营养条件下高效降解氯霉素。基于菌株CAP-2对检测到的代谢产物对硝基苯甲酸和已报道的代谢产物对硝基苯甲醛和原儿茶酸的生物转化特征,提出其降解途径是由氯霉素侧链氧化断裂生成对硝基苯甲醛,进一步氧化为对硝基苯甲酸的新型氧化降解途径。该菌株对于氯霉素分解代谢的分子机制研究以及受氯霉素污染环境的原位生物修复应用具有巨大潜力。

Overexpression of potato miR482e enhanced plant sensitivity to Verticillium dahliae infection

Verticillium wilt of potato is caused by the fungus pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Present sRNA sequencing data revealed that miR482 was in response to V. dahliae infection, but the function in potato is elusive. Here, we characterized potato miR482 family and its putative role resistance to Verticillium wilt. Members of the potato miR482 superfamily are variable in sequence, but all variants target a class of disease-resistance proteins with nucleotide binding site （NBS） and leucine-rich repeat （LRR） motifs. When potato plantlets were infected with V. dahliae, the expression level of miR482e was downregulated, and that of several NBS-LRR targets of miR482e were upregulated. Transgenic potato plantlets overexpressing miR482e showed hypersensitivity to V. dahliae infection. Using sRNA and degradome datasets, we validated that miR482e targets mRNAs of NBS-LRR disease-resistance proteins and triggers the production of trans-acting （ta）- siRNAs, most of which target mRNAs of defense-relatedproteins. Thus, the hypersensitivity of transgenic potato could be explained by enhanced miR482e and miR482e-derived ta- siRNA-mediated silencing on NBS-LRR-disease-resistance pro- teins. It is speculated that a miR482-mediated silencing cascade mechanism is involved in regulating potato resistance against V. dahliae infection and could be a counter defense action of plant in response to pathogen infection.

Integration of satellite remote sensing data in underground coal fire detection:A case study of the Fukang region,Xinjiang,China

Xinjiang in China is one of the areas worst affected by coal fires.Coal fires cannot only waste a large amount of natural resources and cause serious economic losses,but they also cause huge damage to the atmosphere,the soil,the surrounding geology,and the environment.Therefore,there is an urgent need to effectively explore remote sensing based detection of coal fires for timely understanding of their latest development trend.In this study,in order to investigate the distribution of coal fires in an accurate and reliable manner,we exploited both Landsat-8 optical data and Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images,using the generalized single-channel algorithm and the InSAR time-series analysis approach,respectively,for coal fire detection in the southern part of the Fukang region of Xinjiang,China.The generalized single-channel algorithm was used for land surface temperature information extraction.Meanwhile,the timeseries InSAR analysis technology was employed for estimating the surface micro deformation information,which was then used for building a band-pass filter.The suspected coal fire locations could then be established by a band-pass filtering operation on the obtained surface temperature map.Finally,the locations of the suspected coal fires were validated by the use of field survey data.The results indicate that the integration of thermal infrared remote sensing and radar interferometry technologies is an efficient investigation approach for coal fire detection in a large-scale region,which would provide the necessary spatial information support for the survey and control of coal fires.

Novel fabrication of copper oxides on AC and its enhanced catalytic performance on oxidative carbonylation of methanol

Copper oxides（CuOx） nanoparticles dispersed on activated carbon（AC） were prepared by using vaporphase methanol as the reducing agent. The CuOx/AC as prepared exhibited an enhanced catalytic activity in oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate（DMC）. The catalytic performance was significantly influenced by reduction conditions including temperature and time. With the similar selectivity of DMC, the space time yield（STY） under optimal reduction conditions reached up to 408 mg g^-1h^-1, which is superior to conventional methods such as thermolysis and solvothermal reduction. Based on the characterization results of XRD, TEM and XPS, the good copper dispersion and high Cu^＋ content obtained by vapor-phase methanol reduction were mainly responsible for the high catalytic activity.

Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China

Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict be- haviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationships with one another and their aggressive competition for resources. Although this is true for many primate males, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana represent a potential exception as male cooperation has been known to occur. In this study, using postconfiict/ matched-control（PC-MC） and time-rule methods, we analyzed postconflict behavior among males and the possible occurrence of bystander affiliation or reconciliation. A total of 246 PC-MC pairs among leader males were obtained. On average, each leader male exhibited only 0.04 aggressive be- haviors per observation hour, and conciliation among leader males occurred at a low rate （2.03%） relative to other primate species. The occurrence of consolation-affiliation interactions between focal males and group members other than former opponents differed significantly between PCs and MCs, which is the first time this has been confirmed among R. roxellana males. We discuss the results in light of recent theories concerning consolation in primates. The patterns of postconflict contact demonstrated that R. roxellana may be a unique species among colobines.

Optically modulated dual-mode memristor arrays based on core-shell CsPbBr_(3)@graphdiyne nanocrystals for fully memristive neuromorphic computing hardware

Artificial synapses and neurons are crucial milestones for neuromorphic computing hardware,and memristors with resistive and threshold switching characteristics are regarded as the most promising candidates for the construction of hardware neural networks.However,most of the memristors can only operate in one mode,that is,resistive switching or threshold switching,and distinct memristors are required to construct fully memristive neuromorphic computing hardware,making it more complex for the fabrication and integration of the hardware.Herein,we propose a flexible dual-mode memristor array based on core–shell CsPbBr3@graphdiyne nanocrystals,which features a 100%transition yield,small cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device variability,excellent flexibility,and environmental stability.Based on this dual-mode memristor,homo-material-based fully memristive neuromorphic computing hardware—a power-free artificial nociceptive signal processing system and a spiking neural network—are constructed for the first time.Our dual-mode memristors greatly simplify the fabrication and integration of fully memristive neuromorphic systems.

Anaerobic biodegradation of trimethoprim with sulfate as an electron acceptor

Trimethoprim(TMP)is an antibiotic frequently detected in various environments.Microorganisms are the main drivers of emerging antibiotic contaminant degradation in the environment.However,the feasibility and stability of the anaerobic biodegradation of TMP with sulfate as an electron acceptor remain poorly understood.Here,TMP-degrading microbial consortia were successfully enriched from municipal activated sludge(AS)and river sediment(RS)as the initial inoculums.The acclimated consortia were capable of transforming TMP through demethylation,and the hydroxyl-substituted demethylated product(4-desmethyl-TMP)was further degraded.The biodegradation ofTMP followed a 3-parameter sigmoid kinetic model.The potential degraders(Acetobacterium,Desulfovibrio,Desulfbbulbus,and unidentified Peptococcaceae)and fermenters(Lentimicrobium and Petrimonas)were significantly enriched in the acclimated consortia.The AS-and RS-acclimated TMP-degrading consortia had similar core microbiomes.The anaerobic biodegradation ofTMP could be coupled with sulfate respiration,which gives new insights into the antibiotic fate in real environments and provides a new route for the bioremediation of antibiotic-contaminated environments.

Progresses and prospects of impact crater studies

Crater is a geologic structure in solid bodies(including the terrestrial planets, moons, and asteroids) formed by hyperspeed impact, and the impact process is extremely important to the formation and evolution of these celestial bodies. This paper presents a review of the studies on remote sensing observation, formation mechanism, and scientific application of craters. On the remote sensing study of craters, the topographic characteristics of the micro-craters, simple craters, complex craters, and impact basins are described,the related parameters in the morphological studies of craters are subsequently introduced, and the distribution characteristics of the minerals and rock types during the impact excavation process are analyzed,the methods of crater identification and the crater databases on the Moon, Mars, Ceres, and Vesta are summarized. On the studies of crater formation mechanism, the general formation process of the craters is firstly described, and then the most frequently used methods are presented, and the importance of the empirical equations is also elucidated. On the scientific applications of the craters, the principle and currently utilization of the planetary surface dating method with crater size-frequency distribution are firstly presented, and the applications, including modeling the lunar regolith formation and thickness derivation of both the regolith and basalt, are reviewed. Finally, the future prospects of the formation mechanism study of the craters are discussed.

Response of Urban Planning to Climate Change in Rapidly Urbanizing Area: A Case Study of Nanjing

Global climate change is the greatest challenge for the survival of civilization in human history, to which a lot of countries all over the world have taken measures including the administrative and technical approaches in the field of urban planning. However, those approaches are mainly in line with the traditional urban planning principles and methodologies, with weak guidance to practice. Especially for the areas which are undergoing rapid urbanization, it is urgent to work on the critical problem of how to draw up city and regional plans to deal with the challenge of climate change by innovating the existing urban planning principles and methodologies. Taking Nanjing as example, this paper firstly puts forward the strategic principles to deal with the climate change in city master planning, including controlling urbanization speed and restricting disordered urban sprawl, balancing ecological system, protecting green spaces and ecologically fragile areas, enhancing the resilient ability to natural disasters and protecting urban security, and promoting sustainable development, etc., then presents the sustainable and flexible urban planning methods including adaptability assessment on spatial development, identification and delimitation of important ecological protection zones, risk assessment and early warning of disasters, clean pro- duction and energy-saving approaches, etc. It further explores some measures to addressing the issue of climate change that are applied in the new City Master Plan of Nanjing, including ① controlling the sprawl of construction land and protecting the ecological carbon sink spaces in order to weaken the impacts of climate change; ② guaranteeing the safety of ecological pattern and maintaining the balance of the urban eco-system in order to ensure the stability of local micro-climate and livable environment; ③ strengthening the regional flood-prevention in order to weaken the threat of natural disasters caused by climate change; ④ giving priority to public transportation and reducing carbon emissions in order to reduce the impacts of urban activities on the atmosphere.