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Grouping tree species to estimate basal area increment in temperate multispecies forests in Durango,Mexico
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作者 Jaime Roberto Padilla-Martínez Carola Paul +2 位作者 Kai Husmann Jose Javier Corral-Rivas klaus von gadow 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期1-13,共13页
Multispecies forests have received increased scientific attention,driven by the hypothesis that biodiversity improves ecological resilience.However,a greater species diversity presents challenges for forest management... Multispecies forests have received increased scientific attention,driven by the hypothesis that biodiversity improves ecological resilience.However,a greater species diversity presents challenges for forest management and research.Our study aims to develop basal area growth models for tree species cohorts.The analysis is based on a dataset of 423 permanent plots(2,500 m^(2))located in temperate forests in Durango,Mexico.First,we define tree species cohorts based on individual and neighborhood-based variables using a combination of principal component and cluster analyses.Then,we estimate the basal area increment of each cohort through the generalized additive model to describe the effect of tree size,competition,stand density and site quality.The principal component and cluster analyses assign a total of 37 tree species to eight cohorts that differed primarily with regard to the distribution of tree size and vertical position within the community.The generalized additive models provide satisfactory estimates of tree growth for the species cohorts,explaining between 19 and 53 percent of the total variation of basal area increment,and highlight the following results:i)most cohorts show a"rise-and-fall"effect of tree size on tree growth;ii)surprisingly,the competition index"basal area of larger trees"had showed a positive effect in four of the eight cohorts;iii)stand density had a negative effect on basal area increment,though the effect was minor in medium-and high-density stands,and iv)basal area growth was positively correlated with site quality except for an oak cohort.The developed species cohorts and growth models provide insight into their particular ecological features and growth patterns that may support the development of sustainable management strategies for temperate multispecies forests. 展开更多
关键词 Temperate multispecies forests Cluster analysis Basal area increment Generalized additive models
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Book review “Wattles: Australian Acacia species around the world” by David M. Richardson, Johannes J. Le Roux and Elizabete Marchante
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作者 klaus von gadow 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期140-141,共2页
In a world of Google and AI, developing an encyclopedic coverage of a theme that is of great interest to biologists, social scientists, politicians and environmental managers, is a daunting challenge. Wattles is a boo... In a world of Google and AI, developing an encyclopedic coverage of a theme that is of great interest to biologists, social scientists, politicians and environmental managers, is a daunting challenge. Wattles is a book that presents new knowledge, makes interesting reading, and has the potential to stimulate research in a variety of disciplines. We learn that Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a genus of shrubs and trees comprising 1,083 species of which 417 are known to have been introduced to areas outside their native range. We are surprised to read that Australian acacias are found almost everywhere, in virtually all terrestrial habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, alpine settings,rainforests, coastal dunes and deserts, causing major environmental and socio-economic changes in the invaded regions. Until recently, Acacia comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America and Australasia, but the name is now reserved for species predominantly from Australia, including some from Southeast Asia. The genus name Acacia is Neo-Latin, and refers to a preparation extracted from the leaves and fruit pods of Vachellia nilotica, the original type of the genus. 展开更多
关键词 RICHARDSON OUTSIDE LATIN
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线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法在杉木人工林可持续经营中的应用和比较 被引量:8
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作者 陈伯望 惠刚盈 klaus von gadow 《林业科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第3期80-87,共8页
以杉木人工林为例 ,介绍了线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法在编制森林经营方案过程中的应用和比较 ,同时介绍了一种通用的可以处理绝大多数的森林经营模型。采用Hui(1997)的生长和间伐模型来模拟林分的生长、间伐和发展过程。线性规划、... 以杉木人工林为例 ,介绍了线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法在编制森林经营方案过程中的应用和比较 ,同时介绍了一种通用的可以处理绝大多数的森林经营模型。采用Hui(1997)的生长和间伐模型来模拟林分的生长、间伐和发展过程。线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法三者适用于不同的场合。当约束条件都比较宽松时 ,线性规划也有可能得出整数解 ,但不一定就能够避免林分分割经营 (整数解 )。要获得整数解 ,尤其是在林分数目很大的时候 ,可以采用模拟退火和遗传算法。如果允许林分分割 ,线性规划的结果一般可以获得最好的目标方程值。 展开更多
关键词 线性规划 模拟退火 遗传算法 杉木 人工林 可持续经营
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一个新的林分空间结构参数——大小比数 被引量:318
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作者 惠刚盈 klaus von gadow Matthias Albert 《林业科学研究》 CSCD 北大核心 1999年第1期1-6,共6页
提出了模拟林分空间结构的大小比数。该结构参数量化了参照树与其相邻木的关系,以大于参照树的相邻木数占所考察的全部相邻木的比例表示。大小比数是对直径分布和至今所延用的描述相邻木关系的大小分化度的完善和补充,它能准确地判断... 提出了模拟林分空间结构的大小比数。该结构参数量化了参照树与其相邻木的关系,以大于参照树的相邻木数占所考察的全部相邻木的比例表示。大小比数是对直径分布和至今所延用的描述相邻木关系的大小分化度的完善和补充,它能准确地判断出参照树是否比其相邻木大。其优点在于。 展开更多
关键词 林分空间 结构参数 大小比数 大小分化度
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Tabu搜索法在森林采伐量优化问题中的应用 被引量:3
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作者 陈伯望 惠刚盈 klaus von gadow 《林业科学研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2003年第1期26-31,共6页
介绍了一种新颖高效的启迪式搜索方式———Tabu搜索法。以一个杉木人工林采伐量方案的优化为例,介绍了Tabu搜索法的基本原理和应用方法,并把Tabu搜索法与线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法处理同一森林采伐量优化方案例子获得的结果进行了... 介绍了一种新颖高效的启迪式搜索方式———Tabu搜索法。以一个杉木人工林采伐量方案的优化为例,介绍了Tabu搜索法的基本原理和应用方法,并把Tabu搜索法与线性规划、模拟退火和遗传算法处理同一森林采伐量优化方案例子获得的结果进行了比较。结果表明,禁忌搜索法在解决一般森林采伐量优化问题时有快速高效的特点,尤其是在移动产生的相邻解数目有限且差异较大的情况下,可以很快获得模拟退火和遗传算法多次重复计算也较难达到的高目标方程值。禁忌周期对Tabu搜索法的影响比较小,寻找好的移动方式和排序方式是影响Tabu搜索法效率的关键。 展开更多
关键词 Tabu搜索法 线性规划 模拟退火 遗传算法 杉木林 优化方案 森林采伐量
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德国北部挪威云杉林可持续经营计划中空间目标的优化 被引量:3
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作者 陈伯望 klaus von gadow 《林业科学研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2008年第3期279-288,共10页
根据德国北部挪威云杉林相邻林分间的特定地理关系,包括林分重心间的距离和共同边界的长度,建立了德国北部挪威云杉林经营的一个空间优化模型,该模型是一种新的空间优化方法。地理数据从G IS中获得并保存到数据库中,数据库还包括林分选... 根据德国北部挪威云杉林相邻林分间的特定地理关系,包括林分重心间的距离和共同边界的长度,建立了德国北部挪威云杉林经营的一个空间优化模型,该模型是一种新的空间优化方法。地理数据从G IS中获得并保存到数据库中,数据库还包括林分选项和相应的目标方程值等内容。首先使用了一个由41个林分组成的林班,每个林分21个选项,采用模拟退火的方法来分别和综合优化经济模型、均衡产出模型和空间模型,并将它们的结果方案与具最大净现值的方案进行比较。当均衡产出和空间2个组成部分逐一加入到目标方程后,它们显著地改进了结果方案,而经济目标只有中等程度的下降。 展开更多
关键词 挪威云杉 模拟退火 收获计划 均衡产出 空间模型
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Designing near-natural planting patterns for plantation forests in China 被引量:8
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作者 Gongqiao Zhang Gangying Hui +4 位作者 Yanbo Hu Zhonghua Zhao Xiuling Guan klaus von gadow Ganggang Zhang 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第3期236-248,共13页
Background: China has a long tradition of managing planted forests. Different species of Populus, Eucalyptus, Larix, Cunninghamia and Pinus are planted to satisfy the local demand for wood products and provide ecologi... Background: China has a long tradition of managing planted forests. Different species of Populus, Eucalyptus, Larix, Cunninghamia and Pinus are planted to satisfy the local demand for wood products and provide ecological services at the same time. Evidence of the greater resilience of natural forests provides the motivation to develop asymmetric planting patterns, which is the focus of this study. We present a new method for designing plantation patterns that follow those observed in natural ecosystems and to maintain some regularity for operational convenience. Methods: Based on the uniform angle index, we analyzed the spatial structure of six natural forests in different regions of China. The uniform angle index describes the degree of spatial uniformity of the n nearest neighbors of a given reference tree. Accordingly, we identified all possible patterns of a neighborhood group within a regular planting pattern and developed a method to optimize planting point arrangements that contain some randomness as well as a minimum degree of regularity. Results:(1) There are 13 types of structural units in a regular planting, including seven random units, five even units and one cluster unit;(2) Five near-natural arrangements are presented with a minimum proportion of 50% of random units. These five arrangements represent a combination of regularity for operational convenience and asymmetry. Conclusions: The new planting patterns developed in this study are expected to increase the asymmetric competition and resilience of these important ecosystems. Some experimental plantings, based on our findings, have already been established, e.g., in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in Tianshui, Gansu Province, and in a Populus deltoides plantation in Fangshan near Beijing. 展开更多
关键词 PLANTATION NEAR-NATURAL FOREST UNIFORM angle index FOREST spatial structure ASYMMETRIC COMPETITION
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用于干形描述的2个少参数削度函数(英文) 被引量:4
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作者 Khalid A. Hussein Matthias Schmidt +1 位作者 Heyns Kotze klaus von gadow 《林业科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第6期20-27,共8页
以修正的Brink函数和Pain函数拟合尾巨桉干形曲线。材料来源于南非暖温带花岗岩低地草原地区桉树工业用材林53块标准地的153株尾巨桉干形测定数据。2个削度方程均能对调查数据进行很好地拟合,只是在不同的相对高度时有小的偏差。参数少... 以修正的Brink函数和Pain函数拟合尾巨桉干形曲线。材料来源于南非暖温带花岗岩低地草原地区桉树工业用材林53块标准地的153株尾巨桉干形测定数据。2个削度方程均能对调查数据进行很好地拟合,只是在不同的相对高度时有小的偏差。参数少的方程具有十分好的应用前景,因为从理论上来说,可以用参数预估的方法建立一个广义的干形模型。参数预估不能运用于修正的Brink函数,但在Pain函数的基础上建立参数预估模型是可能的甚至是必要的,因为Pain函数是把绝对树干直径描述为相对树干高度的函数。为此,对参数预估模型是否能描述的树形差异或者仅仅是大小的差异作了测度评价。应用结果表明,参数预估模型未必能用于描述树形的差异。 展开更多
关键词 干形模型 Brink函数 Pain函数 巨桉
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Climate change effects in the Western Himalayan ecosystems of India: evidence and strategies 被引量:4
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作者 Vindhya Prasad Tewari Raj Kumar Verma klaus von gadow 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第3期232-240,共9页
Background: The fragile landscapes of the Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, and there is ongoing concern about current and potential climate change impacts. This study provides background in... Background: The fragile landscapes of the Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, and there is ongoing concern about current and potential climate change impacts. This study provides background information on India's Western Himalayas and reviews evidence of warming as well as variability in precipitation and extreme events.Methods: Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change on Himalayan forest ecosystems and the services they provide to people are critical. Efforts to develop and implement effective policies and management strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation requires particular new research initiatives. The various studies initiated and conducted in the region are compiled here.Results: Several new initiatives taken by the Himalayan Forest Research Institute in Shimla are described. This includes new permanent observational field studies, some with mapped trees, in high altitude transitional zones for continuous monitoring of vegetation response. We have also presented new strategies for mitigating potential climate change effects in Himalayan forest ecosystems.Conclusions: Assessment of the ecological and genetic diversity of the Himalayan conifers is required to evaluate potential responses to changing climatic conditions. Conservation strategies for the important temperate medicinal plants need to be developed. The impact of climate change on insects and pathogens in the Himalayas also need to be assessed. Coordinated efforts are necessary to develop effective strategies for adaptation and mitigation. 展开更多
关键词 Himalayan ecosystem Climate change New strategies High altitude New observational studies
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Evaluating alternative hypotheses behind biodiversity and multifunctionality relationships in the forests of Northeastern China 被引量:3
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作者 Qingmin Yue Minhui Hao +5 位作者 Yan Geng Xuerui Wang klaus von gadow Chunyu Zhang Xiuhai Zhao Lushuang Gao 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第3期301-310,共10页
Background:The importance of biodiversity in maintaining multiple ecosystem functions has been widely accepted.However,the specific mechanisms affecting biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality(BEMF)relationships... Background:The importance of biodiversity in maintaining multiple ecosystem functions has been widely accepted.However,the specific mechanisms affecting biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality(BEMF)relationships in forests are largely unknown.This is particularly evident for the macroscale of a large forested landscape.Methods:Based on 412 one-tenth hectare field plots distributed over forested areas across northeastern China,we evaluated three alternative hypotheses explaining the relationships between BEMF,namely:niche complementarity,mass ratio,and vegetation quantity effect.We used Rao's quadratic entropy and community weighted mean trait values to quantify forest“biodiversity”.These two variables represent two complementary aspects of functional properties,which are in line with niche complementary and mass ratio effects,respectively.Results:Ecosystem multifunctionality was negatively associated with the community weighted mean values of acquisitive traits(a proxy of mass ratio effect).Rao's quadratic entropy(a proxy of niche complementarity)had no relationship with ecosystem multifunctionality.Higher stand biomass greatly increased ecosystem multifunctionality,which is in line with the vegetation quantity effect.Our results confirm that in the temperate forests of northeastern China,the relationship of BEMF was primarily affected by vegetation quantity,followed by mass ratio effects.Conclusions:The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the main drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality in forest ecosystems.The results of this study provide additional evidence to support the vegetation quantity and mass ratio hypotheses in forest ecosystems. 展开更多
关键词 Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality Biomass Functional traits Mass ratio effect Niche complementarity effect Vegetation quantity effect
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Competition effects in an afrotemperate forest 被引量:2
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作者 Thomas Seifert Stefan Seifert +2 位作者 Armin Seydack Graham Durrheim klaus von gadow 《Forestry Studies in China》 CAS 2014年第3期119-133,共15页
Background: Information about competition responses is mainly available for monospecific stands or mixed stands with a small number of species. Studies on complex multi-species and highly structured forest ecosystems... Background: Information about competition responses is mainly available for monospecific stands or mixed stands with a small number of species. Studies on complex multi-species and highly structured forest ecosystems are scarce. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to quantify competition effects and analyse competition responses in a species-diverse afrotemperate forest in South Africa, based on an observational study with mapped tree positions and long-term diameter increment records. Methods: The sensitivity to competition was analysed for individual species and involved the calculation of the slope of the linear relation between the value of a competition index (CI) and diameter growth as a measure of sensitivity. In a next step different competition indices were combined and tree diameters were grouped in three classes as surrogates for canopy status and ontogenetic stage. Results: Five competition indices were found to be effective in showing sensitivity to competition for a number of canopy and sub-canopy species. Significant linear regressions were fitted for 18 of a total of 25 species. Species reactions varied significantly in their sensitivity to the different CIs. The indices were classified as belonging to two groups, those that responded more to local crowding and those that are more sensitive to overtopping, which revealed species-specific sensitivities to both factors. The analysis based on diameter classes revealed that species clearly changed their sensitivity to crowding or overtopping depending on diameter. Canopy and sub-canopy species showed distinct differences in their reactions. Conclusions: The application of multiple CIs brought novel insights relating to the dynamics of afrotemperate forests. The response patterns to different competition indices that focus on crowding and overtopping are varied and tree diameter dependent, indicating that oversimplified assumptions are not warranted in the interpretation of Cl- growth relations. 展开更多
关键词 Observational study Multi-species forest Distance dependent competition indices Simultaneous competitionindex approach Tree-tree interaction Ontogenetic effect
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Structure complexity is the primary driver of functional diversity in the temperate forests of northeastern China 被引量:1
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作者 Zhenghua Lian Juan Wang +1 位作者 Chunyu Fan klaus von gadow 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第4期511-520,共10页
Background:Assessing functional diversity to identify its spatial patterns and drivers is an important step towards understanding the adaptive capacity of ecosystems to environmental change. However, until now, these ... Background:Assessing functional diversity to identify its spatial patterns and drivers is an important step towards understanding the adaptive capacity of ecosystems to environmental change. However, until now, these mechanisms were poorly understood in the temperate forests of northeastern China, which prevented the development of new management methods aimed at increasing functional trait diversity and thus ecological resilience.Methods:In this study, we mapped functional diversity distributions using a Kriging Interpolation Method. A specific random forest model approach was adopted to test the importance ranking of 18 variables in explaining the spatial variation of functional diversity. Three piecewise structural equation models (pSEMs) with forest types as random effects were constructed for testing the direct effects of climate, and the indirect effects of stand structure on functional diversity across the large study region. Specific causal relationships in each forest type were also examined using 15 linear structural equation models.Results:Although environmental filtering by climate is important, stand structure explains most of the functional variation of the forest ecosystems in northeastern China. Our study thus only partially supports the stressdominance hypothesis. Several abundant species determine most of the functional diversity, which supports the mass ratio hypothesis.Conclusions:Our results suggest that forest management aimed at increasing structural complexity can contribute to increased functional diversity, especially regarding the mixing of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species. 展开更多
关键词 Functional diversity distribution Forest types Forest management Random forest Stand structure attributes Structural equation modeling
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Assessing citizen science opportunities in forest monitoring using probabilistic topic modelling 被引量:1
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作者 Stefan Daume Matthias Albert klaus von gadow 《Forestry Studies in China》 CAS 2014年第2期93-104,共12页
Background: With mounting global environmental, social and economic pressures the resilience and stability of forests and thus the provisioning of vital ecosystem services is increasingly threatened. Intensified moni... Background: With mounting global environmental, social and economic pressures the resilience and stability of forests and thus the provisioning of vital ecosystem services is increasingly threatened. Intensified monitoring can help to detect ecological threats and changes earlier, but monitoring resources are limited. Participatory forest monitoring with the help of "citizen scientists" can provide additional resources for forest monitoring and at the same time help to communicate with stakeholders and the general public. Examples for citizen science projects in the forestry domain can be found but a solid, applicable larger framework to utilise public participation in the area of forest monitoring seems to be lacking. We propose that a better understanding of shared and related topics in citizen science and forest monitoring might be a first step towards such a framework. Methods: We conduct a systematic meta-analysis of 1015 publication abstracts addressing "forest monitoring" and "citizen science" in order to explore the combined topical landscape of these subjects. We employ 'topic modelling an unsupervised probabilistic machine learning method, to identify latent shared topics in the analysed publications. Results: We find that large shared topics exist, but that these are primarily topics that would be expected in scientific publications in general. Common domain-specific topics are under-represented and indicate a topical separation of the two document sets on "forest monitoring" and "citizen science" and thus the represented domains. While topic modelling as a method proves to be a scalable and useful analytical tool, we propose that our approach could deliver even more useful data if a larger document set and full-text publications would be available for analysis. Conclusions: We propose that these results, together with the observation of non-shared but related topics, point at under-utilised opportunities for public participation in forest monitoring. Citizen science could be applied as a versatile tool in forest ecosystems monitoring, complementing traditional forest monitoring programmes, assisting early threat recognition and helping to connect forest management with the general public. We conclude that our presented approach should be pursued further as it may aid the understanding and setup of citizen science efforts in the forest monitoring domain. 展开更多
关键词 Forest monitoring Citizen science Participatory forest monitoring Probabilistic topic modelling Text analysis
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Mismatch between species distribution and climatic niche optima in relation to functional traits
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作者 Zhenghua Lian Juan Wang +2 位作者 Chunyu Zhang Xiuhai Zhao klaus von gadow 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第6期813-822,共10页
Background:Forecasts of climate change impacts on biodiversity often assume that the current geographical distributions of species match their niche optima.However,empirical evidence has challenged this assumption,sug... Background:Forecasts of climate change impacts on biodiversity often assume that the current geographical distributions of species match their niche optima.However,empirical evidence has challenged this assumption,suggesting a mismatch.We examine whether the mismatch is related to functional traits along temperature or precipitation gradients.Methods:The observed distributions of 32 tree species in northeast China were evaluated to test this mismatch.Bayesian models were used to estimate the climatic niche optima,i.e.the habitats where the highest species growth and density can be expected.The mismatch is defined as the difference between the actual species occurrence in an assumed niche optimum and the habitat with the highest probability of species occurrence.Species’functional traits were used to explore the mechanisms that may have caused the mismatches.Results:Contrasting these climatic niche optima with the observed species distributions,we found that the distribution-niche optima mismatch had high variability among species based on temperature and precipitation gradients.However,these mismatches depended on functional traits associated with competition and migration lags only in temperature gradients.Conclusions:We conclude that more relevant research is needed in the future to quantify the mismatch between species distribution and climatic niche optima,which may be crucial for future designs of forested landscapes,species conservation and dynamic forecasting of biodiversity under expected climate change. 展开更多
关键词 DEMOGRAPHY Functional traits Mean annual temperature Mean annual precipitation Niche theory Species distribution
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Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of trees at different successional stages in a temperate forest in northeastern China 被引量:1
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作者 Lie Chen Lei Wang +3 位作者 Yeerjiang Baiketuerhan Chunyu Zhang Xiuhai Zhao klaus von gadow 《Journal of Plant Ecology》 SCIE 2014年第4期337-346,共10页
spatial distribution of adult trees in a forest community is determined by patterns of both seed dispersal and seedling recruitment.the objectives of our study were to understand the processes of seed dispersal and se... spatial distribution of adult trees in a forest community is determined by patterns of both seed dispersal and seedling recruitment.the objectives of our study were to understand the processes of seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of dominant tree species in a temperate forest of northeastern China and to identify the factors constraining seed dispersal and seedling establishment at different stages of forest succession.Methods During three summer and autumn sessions between 2006 and 2008,altogether 113080 seeds from 22 different tree species were collected in three large field plots representing different for-est types in the Changbai mountain region of northeastern China.the spatial distribution of seed abundance was analyzed using a syrjala test.regeneration success of nine major tree species was assessed using variables defining‘limitations’in‘seeds’and‘seed-ling establishment’.Important Findings We found that seed production fluctuated between years and varied greatly with forest types.Four tree species,Acer spp.,Fraxinus man-dshurica,Tilia amurensis and Betula spp.,had the greatest seed pro-duction and the widest range of seed dispersal,whereas Quercus mongolica showed the most sustained seed production pattern.the spatial patterns of seed abundance differed significantly among forest types and years.the tree species investigated in this study differed in the degree of seed limitation,as well as in limitation of seedling establishment.there were both negative and positive correlations between seed density and seedling density,depending on site and parental tree density.seeds of 16 tree species were found in the Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla forest(PbF)plot,11 in the conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest(CbF)plot but only 8 in the broad-leaved-Korean pine mixed forest(bKF)plot.the number of seed-contributing species was not only greater in the secondary forests(CbF and PbF plots)than in the primary forest(bKF plot)but was also more variable during the 3 years of assessment.results from the correlations between seed density and seedling occurrence and that between parental tree density or seed weight and dispersal limitation confirm our intuitive expectations,i.e.heavy seeds had greater dispersal limitation but higher establishment success than light seeds. 展开更多
关键词 seed dispersal seed limitation dispersal limitation establishment limitation mixed broad-leaved-conifer forest
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