丙戊酸钠对比左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价丙戊酸钠对比左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data和SinoMed数据库,搜集丙戊酸钠对比左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均由建库至2022年6月26日。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.4.1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14个RCT,包括1219例患者。Meta分析结果显示,左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的有效率高于丙戊酸钠,但差异无统计学意义[RR=0.96,95%CI(0.90,1.02),P=0.20];左乙拉西坦总的药品不良反应发生率低于丙戊酸钠,差异有统计学意义[RR=1.40,95%CI(1.08,1.81),P=0.01],其中丙戊酸钠更易发生肝功能异常,对比左乙拉西坦的结果差异有统计学意义[RR=7.00,95%CI(2.12,23.12),P=0.001]。结论现有证据表明,丙戊酸钠与左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫均具有较好的疗效,且左乙拉西坦治疗的安全性高于丙戊酸钠。丙戊酸钠肝损伤发生率较高,临床应密切关注使用该药患儿的肝功能。受纳入研究数量及质量的限制,上述结论仍需更多大样本、多中心、高质量的研究予以验证。

Spatial Humanities and Geo-computation for Social Sciences:Advances and Applications

Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS) are undergoing the transformation of spatialization and quantification. Geo-computation, with geoinformatics(including RS: Remote Sensing;GIS: Geographical Information System;GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System), provides effective computational and spatialization methods and tools for HSS. Spatial Humanities and Geo-computation for Social Sciences(SH&GSS) is a field coupling geo-computation, and geoinformatics, with HSS. This special issue accepted a set of contributions highlighting recent advances in methodologies and applications of SH&GSS, which are related to sentiment spatial analysis from social media data, emotional change spatial analysis from news data, spatial analysis of social media related to COVID-19, crime spatiotemporal analysis, “double evaluation” for Land Use/Land Cover(LUCC), Specially Protected Natural Areas(SPNA) analysis, editing behavior analysis of Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI), electricity consumption anomaly detection, First and Last Mile Problem(FLMP) of public transport, and spatial interaction network analysis for crude oil trade network. Based on these related researches, we aim to present an overview of SH&GSS, and propose some future research directions for SH&HSS.

Urban Development Boundary Simulation Based on“Double Evaluation”and FLUS Model

The delimitation of urban development boundaries plays an important role in optimizing the nation land space.“Double evaluation”is one of the important means to study and predict the scale of new construction land in the future and to determine the spatial distribution of urban construction land.This study combines the“double evaluation”with the FLUS(Future Land-Use Simulation)model to study the delimitation of the urban development boundary of Yichang.The results show that:(1)the“double evaluation”method comprehensively considers the carrying capacity of the resource environmental bear and the suitability of urban development;(2)the FLUS model can better couple the“double evaluation”method for Land Use/Land Cover(LULC)suitability evaluation,Land Use/land Cover Change(LUCC)simulation and urban development boundary delineation,and the overall accuracy of the simulation reaches 96%;(3)according to the requirements of relevant national policies,this study divides the urban development boundary of the study area into concentrated construction areas,elastic development areas and special purpose areas.This function-based division can meet the requirements of urban flexible development,ecological protection and urban safety.This research combines the FLUS model,which is widely used in the simulation of LUCC,with the double evaluation method used in China’s new round of land and space planning to obtain the result of the urban development boundary.This result is consistent with the existing plan of the study area.

Spatial Interaction Network Analysis of Crude Oil Trade Relations between Countries along the Belt and Road

Based on the theories and methods of complex network,crude oil trade flows between countries along the Belt and Road(B&R,hereafter)are inserted into the Geo-space of B&R and form a spatial interaction network which takes the countries as nodes and takes the trade relations as edges.The networked mining and evolution analysis can provide important references for the research on trade relations among the B&R countries and the formulation of trade policy.This paper researches and discusses the construction,statistical analysis,top networks and stability of the crude oil trade network between the B&R countries from 2001 to 2020 from the perspectives of Geo-Computation for Social Sciences(GCSS)and spatial interaction.Firstly,evolutions of out-degree,in-degree,out-strength and in-strength of the top 10 countries in the crude oil trade network are computed and analyzed.Secondly,the top network method is used to explore the evolution characteristics of hierarchical structures.And finally,the sequential evolution characteristics of the crude oil trade network stability are analyzed utilizing the network stability measure method based on the trade relationship autocorrelation function.The analysis results show that Russia has the largest out-degree and out-strength,and China has the largest in-degree and in-strength.The crude oil trade volume of the top 10 import and export networks between 2001—2020 accounts for over 90%of the total trade volume of the crude oil trade network,and the proportion remains relatively stable.However,the stability of the network showed strong fluctuations in 2009,2012 and 2014,which may be closely related to major international events in these years,which could furtherly be used to build a correlation model between network volatility and major events.This paper explores how to construct and analyze the spatial interaction network of crude oil trade and can provide references for trade relations research and trade policy formulation of B&R countries.

Embolizing intracranial arteriovenous malformations with Onyx: experience at a single center with 250 patients

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the embolization techniques, as well as the effects and complications, using the non-adhesive liquid embolic material Onyx in intracranial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs). Methods The study comprises a retrospective analysis of 250 patients with intracranial AVMs treated with Onyx in Guangdong General Hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2017. The therapeutic strategies, as well as embolization effects and complications, of Onyx are summarized. Results Of 250 cases, 170 were male and 80 were female. Following the Spetzler–Martin(S-M) grading system, there were 35 cases of grade Ⅰ, 77 of grade Ⅱ, 72 of grade Ⅲ, 39 of grade Ⅳ, and 27 of grade V. All cases were treated with Onyx. In addition, 69 cases were treated with Glubran glue. The injected volume of Onyx per patient ranged from 1 mL to 10 mL. The largest volume of Onyx injected in one procedure was 10 mL. The cure rate was 67.9%(76/112) of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients, 15.0%(11/72) of grade Ⅲ patients, 7.7%(3/39) of grade Ⅳ patients, and 0%(0/27) of grade V patients. The total cure rate was 36.0%(90/250). The average number of targeted vascular branches per patient was 2.28. The microcatheter broke off in two cases. There were two patients who suffered an intracranial hemorrhage during the embolic procedure; in one of these two patients, the microcatheter also broke off. There were two patients who suffered an intracranial hemorrhage after the embolic procedure; one of them died. Seven cases suffered new-onset neurological deficits or their original symptoms deteriorated. Six of them improved or recovered within 3–6 months. The total complication rate was 5.2%(13/250). Conclusion The application of Onyx in intracranial AVMs is flexible, effective and safe, and may also reduce the complications.

Prevalence and phylogenetic characterization of canine coronavirus from diseased pet dogs in Beijing,China

Dear Editor,Canine coronavirus including canine coronavirus(CCoV)and canine respiratory coronavirus(CRCoV)have been recognized as pathogenic viruses to dogs worldwide,causing enteric and respiratory issues(Buonavoglia et al.,2006).Zoonotic transfer of the viruses from the animal kingdom to humans has been repeatedly observed over the past decade,

Analysis of the Expression of Angioarchitecture-related Factors in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation

Background： Cerebral arteriovenous malformation （cAVM） is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Methods： lmmunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 （VEGFR-2）, matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）, vascular cell adhesion molecule （VCAM- 1 ）, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）. Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） were performed to determine protein and mRNA expression levels. Student＇s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results： VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS expression levels increased in patients with cAVM compared with those in normal cerebral vascular tissue, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels ofVEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS were higher in the cAVM group than in the control group, all the differences mentioned were statistically significant （P 〈 0,05）. Conclusions： VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS are upregulated in patients with cAVM and might play important roles in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and migration in patients with cAVM. MMP-9, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and eNOS might be potential excellent group proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage at arteriovenous malformation.

Geographically varying relationships between population flows from Wuhan and COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities

The COVID-19 epidemic widely spread across China from Wuhan,Hubei Province,because of huge migration before 2020 Chinese New Year.Previous studies demonstrated that population outflows from Wuhan determined COVID-19 cases in other cities but neglected spatial hetero-geneities of their relationships.Here,we use Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)model to investigate the spatially varying influences of outflows from Wuhan.Overall,the GWR model increases explanatory ability of outflows from Wuhan by 20%,with the adjusted R2 increasing from~0.6 of Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)models to~0.8 of GWR models.The coefficient between logarithmic of outflows from Wuhan and COVID-19 cases in other cities is generally less than 1.The sub-linear scaling relationship indicates the increasing returns of outflows was restrained,proving the epidemic was efficiently controlled outside Hubei at the beginning without obvious local transmissions.Coefficients in GWR models vary in cities.Not only cities around Wuhan but also cities having close connections with Wuhan experienced higher coefficients,showing a higher vulnerability of these cities.The secondary or multi-level trans-mission networks deserve to be further explored to fully uncover influences of migrations on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Three Dimensional Sulfur-doped Graphene Hydrogels with Tetrathiafulvalene for High Performance Supercapacitors

By using tetrathiafulvalene as reducing and doping agents, three-dimensional （3D） sulfur-doped graphene hydrogels （SGHs） were facilely prepared in mixed solvents of dimethyl formamide and water. Several investigations reveal that TTF plays a critical role in the formation of such unique 3D architecture, as it not only reduces GO to self-assembly into 3D structures, but also can be transformed to TTF^·＋ and TTF^2＋ as doping agents in the reduction process. The morphology, crystal structure, chemical bonding, elemental composition and porosity of the as-prepared SGHs have been studied. Benefiting from well-defined and cross-linked 3D porous network architectures, the supercapacitors based on the SGHs in KOH 212.5 F·g^-1 at 0.3 A·g^-1. Furthermore, this capacitance also degree of reversibility in the repetitive charge/discharge cycling electrolyte exhibited a high specific capacitance of showed good electrochemical stability and a high test.

Disruption of the white matter structural network and its correlation with baseline progression rate in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective:There is increasing evidence that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease impacting large-scale brain networks.However,it is still unclear which structural networks are associated with the disease and whether the network connectomics are associated with disease progression.This study was aimed to characterize the network abnormalities in ALS and to identify the network-based biomarkers that predict the ALS baseline progression rate.Methods:Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 73 patients with sporadic ALS and 100 healthy participants to acquire difusion-weighted magnetic resonance images and construct white matter(WM)networks using tractography methods.The global and regional network properties were compared between ALS and healthy subjects.The single-subject WM network matrices of patients were used to predict the ALS baseline progression rate using machine learning algorithms.Results:Compared with the healthy participants,the patients with ALS showed signifcantly decreased clustering coefcient C_(p)(P=0.0034,t=2.98),normalized clustering coefcientγ(P=0.039,t=2.08),and small‐worldnessσ(P=0.038,t=2.10)at the global network level.The patients also showed decreased regional centralities in motor and non-motor systems including the frontal,temporal and subcortical regions.Using the single-subject structural connection matrix,our classifcation model could distinguish patients with fast versus slow progression rate with an average accuracy of 85%.Conclusion:Disruption of the WM structural networks in ALS is indicated by weaker small-worldness and disturbances in regions outside of the motor systems,extending the classical pathophysiological understanding of ALS as a motor disorder.The individual WM structural network matrices of ALS patients are potential neuroimaging biomarkers for the baseline disease progression in clinical practice.

Antigenic Drift of the Hemagglutinin from an Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 Clinical Isolate Increases its Pathogenicity In Vitro

The influenza A(H1 N1)pdm09 virus emerged in 2009 and has been continuously circulating in humans for over ten years.Here,we analyzed a clinical influenza A(H1 N1)pdm09-infected patient case hospitalized for two months in Guangdong(from December 14,2019 to February 15,2020).This isolate,named A/Guangdong/LCF/2019(LCF/19),was genetically sequenced,rescued by reverse genetics,and phylogenetically analyzed in the context of other relevant pdm09 isolates.Compared with earlier isolates,this pdm09 virus’s genetic sequence contains four substitutions,S186 P,T188 I,D190 A,and Q192 E,of the hemagglutinin(HA)segment at position 186–192(H3 numbering)in the epitope Sb,and two of which are located at the 190-helix.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the epitope Sb started undergoing a rapid antigenic change in2018.To characterize the pathogenicity of this novel substitution motif,a panel of reassortant viruses containing the LCF/2019 HA segment or the chimeric HA segment with the four substitutions were rescued.Kinetic growth data revealed that the reassortant viruses,including the LCF/2019 with the PTIAAQE substitution,propagated faster than those rescued ones having the STTADQQ motif in the epitope Sb in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK)cells.The HI test showed that the binding activity of escape mutant to 2018 pdm09 sera was weaker than GLW/2018,suggesting that old vaccines might not effectively protect people from infection.Due to the difference in the selection of vaccine strains,people vaccinated in the southern hemisphere could still suffer a severe infection if infected with this antigenic drift pdm09 virus.

Concentrated electrolytes for rechargeable lithium metal batteries

Traditional lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes have gradually been limited by the glass ceiling of energy density.As a result,lithium metal batteries(LMBs),regarded as the ideal alternative,have attracted considerable attention.However,lithium is highly reactive and susceptible to most electrolytes,resulting in poor cycle performance.In addition,lithium grows Li dendrites during charging,adversely affecting the safety of LMBs.Therefore,LMBs are more sensitive to the chemical composition of electrolytes and their relative ratios(concentrations).Recently,concentrated electrolytes have been widely demonstrated to be friendly to lithium metal anodes(LMAs).This review focuses on the progress of concentrated electrolytes in LMBs,including the solvation structure varying with concentration,unique functions in stabilizing the LMA,and their interfacial chemistry with LMA.

Genetic and antigenic characterization of recombinant nucleocapsid proteins derived from canine coronavirus and canine respiratory coronavirus in China

To characterize the antigenicity of nucleocapsid proteins(NP) derived from canine coronavirus(CCo V) and canine respiratory coronavirus(CRCo V) in China, the N genes of CCo V(CCo V-BJ70) and CRCo V(CRCo V-BJ202) were cloned from swabs obtained from diseased pet dogs in Beijing and then sequenced. The recombinant NPs(r NPs) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel-affinity column and size exclusion chromatography. Sequencing data indicated that the N genes of CCo V-BJ70 and CRCo V-BJ202 belonging to two distinctly different groups were relatively conserved within each subgroup. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) results showed that r NPs of CCo V and CRCo V were expressed efficiently and isolated with a final purity of over 95%. Western blot analysis revealed the r NP from CRCo V could cross-react with mice antisera against human coronavirus(HCo V-229 E, NL63, OC43, HKU1), while r NP of CCo V had cross-reactivity with only anti-sera against viruses belonging to the same group(HCo V-229 E and NL63). In summary, CCo V and CRCo V r NPs were successfully expressed in E. coli and showed antigenic cross-reactivity with antisera raised against human coronaviruses. These findings indicate that further serologic studies on coronavirus infections at the animal-human interface are needed.

A comparative analysis of the endoscopic endonasal and pterional approaches for clipping anterior communicating artery aneurysms on three-dimensional printed models

Anterior communicating artery(ACoA)aneurysms account for the largest proportion of intracranial aneurysms and are the most likely to rupture.[1]The main treatment methods are endovascular embolization and traditional craniotomy clipping.[2]With the rapid development of interventional materials and technologies in the last two decades,many medical centers have adopted endovascular embolization as the preferred treatment for intracranial aneurysms.However,some aneurysms still require traditional craniotomy clipping.Transsphenoidal endoscopy technology has also developed rapidly in recent years.[3]Because intracranial aneurysms are mostly within the circle of Willis and occur on the ventral side of the skull base,a few neurosurgeons have tried to use an endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA)for clipping.[4-6]However,the number of cases reported in the literature is small and more anatomical studies are needed to deeply analyze the approach and technique.

The inferior frontal gyrus and familial risk for bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder(BD)is a familial disorder with high heritability.Genetic factors have been linked to the pathogenesis of BD.Relatives of probands with BD who are at familial risk can exhibit brain abnormalities prior to illness onset.Given its involvement in prefrontal cognitive control and in frontolimbic circuitry that regulates emotional reactivity,the inferior frontal gyrus(IFG)has been a focus of research in studies of BD-related pathology and BD-risk mechanism.In this review,we discuss multimodal neuroimaging findings of the IFG based on studies comparing at-risk relatives and low-risk controls.Review of these studies in at-risk cases suggests the presence of both risk and resilience markers related to the IFG.At-risk individuals exhibited larger gray matter volume and increased functional activities in IFG compared with low-risk controls,which might result from an adaptive brain compensation to support emotion regulation as an aspect of psychological resilience.Functional connectivity between IFG and downstream limbic or striatal areas was typically decreased in at-risk individuals relative to controls,which could contribute to risk-related problems of cognitive and emotional control.Large-scale and longitudinal investigations on at-risk individuals will further elucidate the role of IFG and other brain regions in relation to familial risk for BD,and together guide identification of at-risk individuals for primary prevention.

Effect of jet lag on brain white matter functional connectivity

Background:A long-haul flight across more than five time zones may produce a circadian rhythm sleep disorder known as jet lag.Little is known about the effect of jet lag on white matter(WM)functional connectivity(FC).Objective:The present study is to investigate changes in WM FC in subjects due to recovery from jet lag after flying across six time zones.Methods:Here,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 23 participants within 24 hours of flying and again 50 days later.Gray matter(GM)and WM networks were identified by k-means clustering.WM FC and functional covariance connectivity(FCC)were analyzed.Next,a sliding window method was used to establish dynamic WM FC.WM static and dynamic FC and FCC were compared between when participants had initially completed their journey and 50 days later.Emotion was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the State Anxiety Inventory.Results:All participants were confirmed to have jet lag symptoms by the Columbian Jet Lag Scale.The static FC strengthes of cingulate network(WM7)-sensorimotor network and ventral frontal network-visual network were lower after the long-haul flight compared with recovery.Corresponding results were obtained for the dynamic FC analysis.The analysis of FCC revealed weakened connections between the WM7 and several other brain networks,especially the precentral/postcentral network.Moreover,a negative correlation was found between emotion scores and the FC between the WM7 and sensorimotor related regions.Conclusions:The results of this study provide further evidence for the existence of WM networks and show that jet lag is associated with alterations in static and dynamic WM FC and FCC,especially in sensorimotor networks.Jet lag is a complex problem that not only is related to sleep rhythm but also influences emotion.

ChatGPT:a promising AI technology for psychoradiology research and practice

Psychoradiology is a new interdisciplinary field that uses neu-roimaging to study the brain mechanisms of psychiatric disorders(Lui et al,2016).With the rapid advancement of artificial intelli-gence(AI)machine learning models,psychoradiology has moved beyond traditional case-control clinical designs that search forab-normnal patterns in neural images.

Mink infection with influenza A viruses:an ignored intermediate host?

Continuously emergence of human infection with avian influenza A virus poses persistent threat to public health,as illustrated in zoonotic H5N1/6 and H7N9 infections.The recent surge of infection to farmed mink by multiple subtypes of avian influenza A viruses in China highlights the role of mink in the ecology of influenza in this region.Serologic studies suggested that farmed mink in China are frequently infected with prevailing human(H3N2 and H1N1/pdm)and avian(H7N9,H5N6,and H9N2)influenza A viruses.Moreover,genetic analysis from the sequences of influenza viruses from mink showed that several strains acquired mammalian adaptive mutations compared to their avian counterparts.The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mink to human alerts us that mink may serve as an intermediate host or reservoir of some emerging pathogens.Considering the high susceptibility to different influenza A viruses,it is possible that mink in endemic regions may play a role as an“mixing vessel”for generating novel pandemic strain.Thus,enhanced surveillance of influenza viruses in mink should be urgently implemented for early warning of potential pandemic.