The fish brain is crucial for adjusting to environmental changes.Metabolic changes play a vital role in the adaptation to salinity change in aquatic animals.However,few studies have evaluated the responses of the fish...The fish brain is crucial for adjusting to environmental changes.Metabolic changes play a vital role in the adaptation to salinity change in aquatic animals.However,few studies have evaluated the responses of the fish brain to salinity changes.To evaluate the response to various salinities,spotted scat(Scatophagus argus)was cultured in water with salinity levels of 5(low salinity:LS),25(control group:Ctrl),and 35(high salinity group:HS)for 22 days.The brain transcriptome was analyzed.In total,1698 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between the HS and Ctrl groups,and 841 DEGs were identified between the LS and Ctrl groups.KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs in the HS vs.Ctrl comparison were involved in steroid biosynthesis,terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,fatty acid biosynthesis,ascorbate and aldarate metabolism,other types of O-glycan biosynthesis,and fatty acid metabolism.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,one carbon pool by folate,steroid biosynthesis,and cysteine and methionine metabolism were significantly enriched in the LS vs.Ctrl comparison.Additionally,the genes related to metabolism(acc,fas,hmgcr,hmgcs1,mvd,soat1,nsdhl,sqle,cel,fdft1,dnmt3a and mtr)were significantly up-regulated in the HS vs.Ctrl comparison.The genes related to metabolism(lipa,sqle,acc,fas,bhmt,mpst,dnmt3a,mtr,hao2,LOC111225351 and hmgcs1)were significantly up-regulated,while hmgcr and soat1 were significantly down-regulated in the LS vs.Ctrl compparison.These results suggest that salinity stress affects signaling pathways and genes’expressions involved in metabolic processes in the brain,and the differences in metabolism play an important role in adaptation to hyperhaline or hypohaline environments in spotted scat.This research provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptional changes in the brain under hyperhaline or hypohaline conditions,which is helpful to understand the mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in euryhaline fishes.展开更多
点击率(CTR)预测通过预测用户对广告或商品的点击概率,实现数字广告精准推荐。针对现有CTR模型存在原始嵌入向量未精化、特征交互方式偏简单的问题,本文提出自注意力深度域嵌入因子分解机(self-attention deep field-embedded factoriza...点击率(CTR)预测通过预测用户对广告或商品的点击概率,实现数字广告精准推荐。针对现有CTR模型存在原始嵌入向量未精化、特征交互方式偏简单的问题,本文提出自注意力深度域嵌入因子分解机(self-attention deep field-embedded factorization machine,Self-AtDFEFM)模型。首先,通过多头自注意力对原始嵌入向量加权,精化出关键低层特征;其次,构建深度域嵌入因子分解机(FEFM)模块,设计域对对称矩阵以提升不同特征域之间的交互强度,为高阶特征交互优选出低阶特征组合;再次,基于低阶特征组合构建深度神经网络(DNN),完成隐式高阶特征交互;然后,围绕精化后的嵌入向量,联合多头自注意力与残差机制堆叠多个显式高阶特征交互层,通过自注意力捕获同一特征在不同子空间上的互补信息,完成显示高阶特征交互;最后,联合显式与隐式高阶特征交互实现点击率预测。在Criteo和Avazu两大公开数据集上,将Self-AtDFEFM模型与主流基线模型在AUC和LogLoss指标上进行对比实验;为Self-AtDFEFM模型调制显式高阶特征交互层层数、注意力头数量、嵌入层维度及隐式高阶特征交互层层数等参数;对Self-AtDFEFM模型进行消融实验。实验结果表明:在两大数据集上,Self-AtDFEFM模型的AUC、LogLoss均优于主流基线模型;Self-AtDFEFM模型的全部参数已调为最佳;各模块形成合力以促使Self-AtDFEFM模型性能达到最优,其中显示高阶特征交互层的作用最大。Self-AtDFEFM模型各模块即插即用,易于构建和部署,且在性能与复杂度之间取得平衡,具备较高实用性。展开更多
Spotted scat( Scatophagus argus) is an economically important farmed fish, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. Because there has been little research on reproductive development and regulation in this species, th...Spotted scat( Scatophagus argus) is an economically important farmed fish, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. Because there has been little research on reproductive development and regulation in this species, the lack of a mature artificial reproduction technology remains a barrier for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. More genetic and genomic background knowledge is urgently needed for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of reproductive process and identification of functional genes related to sexual differentiation, gonad maturation and gametogenesis. For these reasons, we performed transcriptomic analysis on spotted scat using a multiple tissue sample mixing strategy. The Illumina RNA sequencing generated 118 510 486 raw reads. After trimming, de novo assembly was performed and yielded 99 888 unigenes with an average length of 905.75 bp. A total of 45 015 unigenes were successfully annotated to the Nr, Swiss-Prot, KOG and KEGG databases. Additionally, 23 783 and 27 183 annotated unigenes were assigned to 56 Gene Ontology(GO) functional groups and 228 KEGG pathways, respectively. Subsequently, 2 474 transcripts associated with reproduction were selected using GO term and KEGG pathway assignments, and a number of reproduction-related genes involved in sex differentiation, gonad development and gametogenesis were identified. Furthermore, 22 279 simple sequence repeat(SSR) loci were discovered and characterized. The comprehensive transcript dataset described here greatly increases the genetic information available for spotted scat and contributes valuable sequence resources for functional gene mining and analysis. Candidate transcripts involved in reproduction would make good starting points for future studies on reproductive mechanisms, and the putative sex differentiation-related genes will be helpful for sex-determining gene identification and sex-specific marker isolation. Lastly, the SSRs can serve as marker resources for future research into genetics, marker-assisted selection(MAS) and conservation biology.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31972775 and 32172971).
文摘The fish brain is crucial for adjusting to environmental changes.Metabolic changes play a vital role in the adaptation to salinity change in aquatic animals.However,few studies have evaluated the responses of the fish brain to salinity changes.To evaluate the response to various salinities,spotted scat(Scatophagus argus)was cultured in water with salinity levels of 5(low salinity:LS),25(control group:Ctrl),and 35(high salinity group:HS)for 22 days.The brain transcriptome was analyzed.In total,1698 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between the HS and Ctrl groups,and 841 DEGs were identified between the LS and Ctrl groups.KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs in the HS vs.Ctrl comparison were involved in steroid biosynthesis,terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,fatty acid biosynthesis,ascorbate and aldarate metabolism,other types of O-glycan biosynthesis,and fatty acid metabolism.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,one carbon pool by folate,steroid biosynthesis,and cysteine and methionine metabolism were significantly enriched in the LS vs.Ctrl comparison.Additionally,the genes related to metabolism(acc,fas,hmgcr,hmgcs1,mvd,soat1,nsdhl,sqle,cel,fdft1,dnmt3a and mtr)were significantly up-regulated in the HS vs.Ctrl comparison.The genes related to metabolism(lipa,sqle,acc,fas,bhmt,mpst,dnmt3a,mtr,hao2,LOC111225351 and hmgcs1)were significantly up-regulated,while hmgcr and soat1 were significantly down-regulated in the LS vs.Ctrl compparison.These results suggest that salinity stress affects signaling pathways and genes’expressions involved in metabolic processes in the brain,and the differences in metabolism play an important role in adaptation to hyperhaline or hypohaline environments in spotted scat.This research provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptional changes in the brain under hyperhaline or hypohaline conditions,which is helpful to understand the mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in euryhaline fishes.
文摘点击率(CTR)预测通过预测用户对广告或商品的点击概率,实现数字广告精准推荐。针对现有CTR模型存在原始嵌入向量未精化、特征交互方式偏简单的问题,本文提出自注意力深度域嵌入因子分解机(self-attention deep field-embedded factorization machine,Self-AtDFEFM)模型。首先,通过多头自注意力对原始嵌入向量加权,精化出关键低层特征;其次,构建深度域嵌入因子分解机(FEFM)模块,设计域对对称矩阵以提升不同特征域之间的交互强度,为高阶特征交互优选出低阶特征组合;再次,基于低阶特征组合构建深度神经网络(DNN),完成隐式高阶特征交互;然后,围绕精化后的嵌入向量,联合多头自注意力与残差机制堆叠多个显式高阶特征交互层,通过自注意力捕获同一特征在不同子空间上的互补信息,完成显示高阶特征交互;最后,联合显式与隐式高阶特征交互实现点击率预测。在Criteo和Avazu两大公开数据集上,将Self-AtDFEFM模型与主流基线模型在AUC和LogLoss指标上进行对比实验;为Self-AtDFEFM模型调制显式高阶特征交互层层数、注意力头数量、嵌入层维度及隐式高阶特征交互层层数等参数;对Self-AtDFEFM模型进行消融实验。实验结果表明:在两大数据集上,Self-AtDFEFM模型的AUC、LogLoss均优于主流基线模型;Self-AtDFEFM模型的全部参数已调为最佳;各模块形成合力以促使Self-AtDFEFM模型性能达到最优,其中显示高阶特征交互层的作用最大。Self-AtDFEFM模型各模块即插即用,易于构建和部署,且在性能与复杂度之间取得平衡,具备较高实用性。
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Nos.41706174,31702326)the Marine Fishery Science and Technology Promotion Projects of Guandong Province(Nos.A201408A06,A201608B01)+3 种基金the 2017 Special Fund for the Development of Marine and Fisheries(No.2017A0012)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2016A030313743)the Project of Provincial Key Platform and Major Scientific Research of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong(No.2015KTSCX058)Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2016LMFS-B12)
文摘Spotted scat( Scatophagus argus) is an economically important farmed fish, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. Because there has been little research on reproductive development and regulation in this species, the lack of a mature artificial reproduction technology remains a barrier for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. More genetic and genomic background knowledge is urgently needed for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of reproductive process and identification of functional genes related to sexual differentiation, gonad maturation and gametogenesis. For these reasons, we performed transcriptomic analysis on spotted scat using a multiple tissue sample mixing strategy. The Illumina RNA sequencing generated 118 510 486 raw reads. After trimming, de novo assembly was performed and yielded 99 888 unigenes with an average length of 905.75 bp. A total of 45 015 unigenes were successfully annotated to the Nr, Swiss-Prot, KOG and KEGG databases. Additionally, 23 783 and 27 183 annotated unigenes were assigned to 56 Gene Ontology(GO) functional groups and 228 KEGG pathways, respectively. Subsequently, 2 474 transcripts associated with reproduction were selected using GO term and KEGG pathway assignments, and a number of reproduction-related genes involved in sex differentiation, gonad development and gametogenesis were identified. Furthermore, 22 279 simple sequence repeat(SSR) loci were discovered and characterized. The comprehensive transcript dataset described here greatly increases the genetic information available for spotted scat and contributes valuable sequence resources for functional gene mining and analysis. Candidate transcripts involved in reproduction would make good starting points for future studies on reproductive mechanisms, and the putative sex differentiation-related genes will be helpful for sex-determining gene identification and sex-specific marker isolation. Lastly, the SSRs can serve as marker resources for future research into genetics, marker-assisted selection(MAS) and conservation biology.
文摘目的 探讨不同类型外科减重手术对肥胖合并2型糖尿病患者的影响及安全性。方法 选择2020年6月—2021年12月本院收治的肥胖合并2型糖尿病患者48例作为研究对象,依据随机数表法分为对照组(单吻合口胃旁路术进行治疗)和观察组(袖状胃切除术)两组,每组各24例。术后均观察随访6个月,比较两组体重、腰围、BMI、术前及术后6个月空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)水平及生活质量各项评分,术后不良反应发生情况。结果 与对照组相比较,观察组手术时间及住院时间更短,术中出血量更少,与术前相比较,术后6个月两组患者体重均更轻,腰围更短,BMI更小,观察组体重、腰围、BMI情况均优于对照组(P<0.05);术后6个月观察组与对照组患者FPG、2 h PG、HbAlc、血清TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST、γ-GT水平均呈现降低趋势,且观察组更低(P<0.05);生活质量各项评分、血清HDL-C水平均呈现升高趋势,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比较,观察组患者不良反应发生率更低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与单吻合口胃旁路术相比较,袖状胃切除术改善肥胖合并2型糖尿病患者的糖脂代谢水平及肝功能的作用更为明显,有助于改善患者生活质量,手术操作简单,具有很好的减重作用,且安全性更高。
