Virtual water trade(VWT)provides a new perspective for alleviating water crisis and has thus attracted widespread attention.However,the heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside the river basin and its i...Virtual water trade(VWT)provides a new perspective for alleviating water crisis and has thus attracted widespread attention.However,the heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside the river basin and its influencing factors remains further study.In this study,for better investigating the pattern and heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin in 2015 using the input-output model(MRIO),we proposed two new concepts,i.e.,virtual water surplus and virtual water deficit,and then used the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)model to identify the inherent mechanism of the imbalance of virtual water trade between provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin and the other four regions in China.The results show that:1)in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,the less developed the economy was,the larger the contribution of the agricultural sector in virtual water trade,while the smaller the contribution of the industrial sector.2)Due to the large output of agricultural products,the upstream and midstream provincial regions of the Yellow River Basin had a virtual water surplus,with a net outflow of virtual water of 2.7×10^(8) m^(3) and 0.9×10^(8) m^(3),respectively.3)provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin were in a virtual water deficit with the rest of China,and the decisive factor was the active degree of trade with the outside.This study would be beneficial to illuminate the trade-related water use issues in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,which has farreaching practical signific-ance for alleviating water scarcity.展开更多
高频链矩阵变换器(high-frequency link matrix converter,HFLMC)因具有高效率、高功率密度、高可靠性等优势,在V2G、储能、微电网等应用中受到广泛关注。但在三相电网电压不平衡工况下,HFLMC不仅在网侧产生电流畸变,降低电能质量,而且...高频链矩阵变换器(high-frequency link matrix converter,HFLMC)因具有高效率、高功率密度、高可靠性等优势,在V2G、储能、微电网等应用中受到广泛关注。但在三相电网电压不平衡工况下,HFLMC不仅在网侧产生电流畸变,降低电能质量,而且在直流侧产生二倍频波动,降低负载和系统可靠性。为此,文中提出一种兼顾电网平衡和不平衡工况的HFLMC非线性反步控制策略(onlinear backstepping control strategy under unbalanced grid conditions,UBG-BSC)。首先,建立HFLMC数学模型,分析不平衡工况下HFLMC的瞬时功率,推导出两相静止坐标系下的输入电流参考值;然后,基于HFLMC数学模型分别设计α轴和β轴反步控制器,实现对输入电流参考值的快速跟踪控制,并根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明HFLMC闭环系统的稳定性;最后搭建2kW实验样机,结果表明,相比于传统控制策略,采用所提UBG-BSC策略的HFLMC网侧THD降低了1.7%,直流侧二倍频波动减小了76%,输出电流响应速度提升了85%。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42201302)‘Double First-Class’University Construction Project of Lanzhou University(No.561120213)。
文摘Virtual water trade(VWT)provides a new perspective for alleviating water crisis and has thus attracted widespread attention.However,the heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside the river basin and its influencing factors remains further study.In this study,for better investigating the pattern and heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin in 2015 using the input-output model(MRIO),we proposed two new concepts,i.e.,virtual water surplus and virtual water deficit,and then used the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)model to identify the inherent mechanism of the imbalance of virtual water trade between provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin and the other four regions in China.The results show that:1)in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,the less developed the economy was,the larger the contribution of the agricultural sector in virtual water trade,while the smaller the contribution of the industrial sector.2)Due to the large output of agricultural products,the upstream and midstream provincial regions of the Yellow River Basin had a virtual water surplus,with a net outflow of virtual water of 2.7×10^(8) m^(3) and 0.9×10^(8) m^(3),respectively.3)provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin were in a virtual water deficit with the rest of China,and the decisive factor was the active degree of trade with the outside.This study would be beneficial to illuminate the trade-related water use issues in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,which has farreaching practical signific-ance for alleviating water scarcity.
文摘高频链矩阵变换器(high-frequency link matrix converter,HFLMC)因具有高效率、高功率密度、高可靠性等优势,在V2G、储能、微电网等应用中受到广泛关注。但在三相电网电压不平衡工况下,HFLMC不仅在网侧产生电流畸变,降低电能质量,而且在直流侧产生二倍频波动,降低负载和系统可靠性。为此,文中提出一种兼顾电网平衡和不平衡工况的HFLMC非线性反步控制策略(onlinear backstepping control strategy under unbalanced grid conditions,UBG-BSC)。首先,建立HFLMC数学模型,分析不平衡工况下HFLMC的瞬时功率,推导出两相静止坐标系下的输入电流参考值;然后,基于HFLMC数学模型分别设计α轴和β轴反步控制器,实现对输入电流参考值的快速跟踪控制,并根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明HFLMC闭环系统的稳定性;最后搭建2kW实验样机,结果表明,相比于传统控制策略,采用所提UBG-BSC策略的HFLMC网侧THD降低了1.7%,直流侧二倍频波动减小了76%,输出电流响应速度提升了85%。
