Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene,nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5),which controls small kernel phenotype by p...Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene,nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5),which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development.A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1(mn2-m1)was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials.The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination.Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers,the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73.Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region,Zm00001 d019294,which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5).Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2(mn2-m2)and miniature2-710 B(mn2-710 B).The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination,and the mn2-710 B allele had some missence mutations.Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2(MN2)is localized in the plasma membrane.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL)and embryo surrounding region(ESR)development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds.These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.展开更多
The transition of a plant from vegetative to reproductive stage is controlled by a large group of genes, which respond to environmental and endogenous stimuli. Application of methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and gibberellins...The transition of a plant from vegetative to reproductive stage is controlled by a large group of genes, which respond to environmental and endogenous stimuli. Application of methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and gibberellins （GA3） to oilseed plants （Brassica napus L.） interrupts the delicate endogenous balance and results in various floral organ abnormalities. Exogenous MeJA or GA3 influences the transcriptome at the initial fiowenng stage in Arabidopsis, but the corresponding changes of transcriptome in floral tissues of oilseed rape remain unknown. In this study, cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism （cDNA-AFLP） was analyzed to identify genes whose expression was modulated by application of MeJA and GA3 to flower buds. A total of 2 787 cDNA fragments were counted using 64 primer pair combinations, and bands larger than 50 bp were compared among four treatments, namely, water control, MeJA （50 μmol L-1）, MeJA （100 μmol L-1）, and GA3 （50 μmol L-1）. Overall, 168 transcript-derived fragments （TDFs） were differentially expressed among the treatments. The expression pattern of some TDFs was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and a group of 106 differentially displayed TDFs was cloned and sequenced. Homologs of Arabidopsis genes were identified and classified into 12 functional categories. A total of 34, 39, and 24 TDFs were responsive to GA3, MeJA, and both GA3 and MeJA, respectively. This finding indicated that cross-talk between these two hormones may be involved in regulating flower development. This study provides potential target genes for manipulation in terms of flowering time and floral organ initiation, important agronomic traits of oilseed rape.展开更多
Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci（QTLs）...Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for nine agronomic traits（plant height, ear height, top height（plant height subtracted ear height）, top height/plant height, number of leaves above the top ear, leaf area, stalk diameter, number of tassel branches and the length of tassel） under three environments. Meta-analysis was conducted then to integrate QTLs identified across three generations（RIL, F2：3 and BC2F2） developed from the same crosses. In total, 179 QTLs and 36 meta-QTLs（m QTL） were identified. The percentage of phenotypic variation（R2） explained by any single QTL varied from 3.86 to 28.4%, and 24 QTLs with contributions over 15%. Nine common QTLs located in the same or similar chromosome regions were detected across three generations. Five meta-QTLs were identified including QTLs in three independent studies. Seven important m QTLs were composed of 11–26 QTLs for 4–7 traits, respectively. Only 11 m QTLs were commonly identified in the same or similar chromosome regions across agronomic traits, popping characteristics（popping fold, popping volume and popping rate） and grain yield components（ear weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 100-grain weight, ear length, kernel number per row, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel ratio） by meta-QTL analysis. In conclusion, we identified a list of QTLs, some of which with much higher contributions to agronomic traits should be valuable for further study in improving both popping characteristics and grain yield components in popcorn.展开更多
目的依据现有完善的语言评估方式,观察人工耳蜗植入患儿语言康复情况,研究早期植入人工耳蜗患儿语言习得能力及影响康复效果的因素。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院158例语前聋患儿为研究对象,人工耳蜗植入年龄平均17.6±8....目的依据现有完善的语言评估方式,观察人工耳蜗植入患儿语言康复情况,研究早期植入人工耳蜗患儿语言习得能力及影响康复效果的因素。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院158例语前聋患儿为研究对象,人工耳蜗植入年龄平均17.6±8.8个月,应用汉语沟通发展量表(mandarin communicative development inventory,MCDI)研究开机时、开机后6、12、24、36个月的差异;按照植入年龄分为A组(0~18个月龄)、B组(19~36个月龄),根据内耳形态分为C组(内耳正常)、D组(内耳畸形),分析在植入人工耳蜗后开机时及开机后6、12个月患儿语言能力得分。结果患儿在康复后语言能力普遍有所提升,但提升速度存在差异。除句子与语句部分得分外,其余得分在开机时与开机后6个月之间有显著差异(P<0.05),在开机后24个或36个月接近满分。A、B组MCDI会说的词汇得分在开机后12个月无显著差异(P>0.05),C、D组在开机时无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论在开机前期,患儿语言能力增长较为迅速,18个月前植入与19~36个月植入人工耳蜗对患儿的语言发育能力在开机后12个月无显著差异,内耳畸形对患儿开机后的语言发育有显著影响。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701443)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2017B01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2016CB52)。
文摘Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene,nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5),which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development.A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1(mn2-m1)was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials.The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination.Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers,the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73.Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region,Zm00001 d019294,which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5).Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2(mn2-m2)and miniature2-710 B(mn2-710 B).The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination,and the mn2-710 B allele had some missence mutations.Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2(MN2)is localized in the plasma membrane.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL)and embryo surrounding region(ESR)development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds.These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.
基金sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371542)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP),China
文摘The transition of a plant from vegetative to reproductive stage is controlled by a large group of genes, which respond to environmental and endogenous stimuli. Application of methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and gibberellins （GA3） to oilseed plants （Brassica napus L.） interrupts the delicate endogenous balance and results in various floral organ abnormalities. Exogenous MeJA or GA3 influences the transcriptome at the initial fiowenng stage in Arabidopsis, but the corresponding changes of transcriptome in floral tissues of oilseed rape remain unknown. In this study, cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism （cDNA-AFLP） was analyzed to identify genes whose expression was modulated by application of MeJA and GA3 to flower buds. A total of 2 787 cDNA fragments were counted using 64 primer pair combinations, and bands larger than 50 bp were compared among four treatments, namely, water control, MeJA （50 μmol L-1）, MeJA （100 μmol L-1）, and GA3 （50 μmol L-1）. Overall, 168 transcript-derived fragments （TDFs） were differentially expressed among the treatments. The expression pattern of some TDFs was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and a group of 106 differentially displayed TDFs was cloned and sequenced. Homologs of Arabidopsis genes were identified and classified into 12 functional categories. A total of 34, 39, and 24 TDFs were responsive to GA3, MeJA, and both GA3 and MeJA, respectively. This finding indicated that cross-talk between these two hormones may be involved in regulating flower development. This study provides potential target genes for manipulation in terms of flowering time and floral organ initiation, important agronomic traits of oilseed rape.
基金funded by the Plan for the Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan ProvinceChina(124200510003)+2 种基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2012AA10A307)the Agricultural Science Creation in Henan Provincethe Modern Agricultural System in Industry and Technology of Henan Province,China(S2010-02-G01)
文摘Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for nine agronomic traits（plant height, ear height, top height（plant height subtracted ear height）, top height/plant height, number of leaves above the top ear, leaf area, stalk diameter, number of tassel branches and the length of tassel） under three environments. Meta-analysis was conducted then to integrate QTLs identified across three generations（RIL, F2：3 and BC2F2） developed from the same crosses. In total, 179 QTLs and 36 meta-QTLs（m QTL） were identified. The percentage of phenotypic variation（R2） explained by any single QTL varied from 3.86 to 28.4%, and 24 QTLs with contributions over 15%. Nine common QTLs located in the same or similar chromosome regions were detected across three generations. Five meta-QTLs were identified including QTLs in three independent studies. Seven important m QTLs were composed of 11–26 QTLs for 4–7 traits, respectively. Only 11 m QTLs were commonly identified in the same or similar chromosome regions across agronomic traits, popping characteristics（popping fold, popping volume and popping rate） and grain yield components（ear weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 100-grain weight, ear length, kernel number per row, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel ratio） by meta-QTL analysis. In conclusion, we identified a list of QTLs, some of which with much higher contributions to agronomic traits should be valuable for further study in improving both popping characteristics and grain yield components in popcorn.
文摘目的依据现有完善的语言评估方式,观察人工耳蜗植入患儿语言康复情况,研究早期植入人工耳蜗患儿语言习得能力及影响康复效果的因素。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院158例语前聋患儿为研究对象,人工耳蜗植入年龄平均17.6±8.8个月,应用汉语沟通发展量表(mandarin communicative development inventory,MCDI)研究开机时、开机后6、12、24、36个月的差异;按照植入年龄分为A组(0~18个月龄)、B组(19~36个月龄),根据内耳形态分为C组(内耳正常)、D组(内耳畸形),分析在植入人工耳蜗后开机时及开机后6、12个月患儿语言能力得分。结果患儿在康复后语言能力普遍有所提升,但提升速度存在差异。除句子与语句部分得分外,其余得分在开机时与开机后6个月之间有显著差异(P<0.05),在开机后24个或36个月接近满分。A、B组MCDI会说的词汇得分在开机后12个月无显著差异(P>0.05),C、D组在开机时无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论在开机前期,患儿语言能力增长较为迅速,18个月前植入与19~36个月植入人工耳蜗对患儿的语言发育能力在开机后12个月无显著差异,内耳畸形对患儿开机后的语言发育有显著影响。
