经济空间分布数据是进行灾害损失评估的重要指标之一。青藏高原地区经济相对落后,地质灾害频发,研究该地区灾害对经济造成的影响意义重大。本研究基于分区分产业模拟的方法,将第一产业增加值(GDP of Primary Industry,GDP1)与土地利用...经济空间分布数据是进行灾害损失评估的重要指标之一。青藏高原地区经济相对落后,地质灾害频发,研究该地区灾害对经济造成的影响意义重大。本研究基于分区分产业模拟的方法,将第一产业增加值(GDP of Primary Industry,GDP1)与土地利用类型、数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、村落点、道路、河流缓冲区建立对应关系,第二三产业增加值(GDP of Secondary and Tertiary Industries,GDP23)与多元信息耦合后的夜间灯光、建筑用地、兴趣点数据分市区与县域创建空间模型。采用随机森林确定第二三产业中各类指标的权重,计算GDP23格网值,最终将GDP1与GDP23栅格叠加,构建2020年青藏高原100 m×100 m的国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product,GDP)空间化分布图。利用县级GDP统计数据进行精度验证,相对均方根误差为0.0385,表明数据能较好地反映青藏高原GDP空间分布情况。本数据可为青藏高原灾害风险评估、防灾减灾提供数据支撑。展开更多
The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative anal...The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spatial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yangshao Culture prosperity emerged. The Holocene entered the late period after the cold climate event at 5.9 ka BP in the Gansu-Qinghai region. Later the climate began to turn cold. However, at the 5.8-4.2 ka BP a relatively stable warm and humid climate created the conditions for the development of Majiayao Culture of the Neolithic Age in this region, thus the distribution of its cultural heritage sites expanded towards high altitudes and high latitudes. From 4.2 ka BP onwards, the climate became cold and dry, which had a significant influence on the Neolithic cultures of the Gansu-Qinghai region, leading to a dramatic change in the cultural characters and spatial distribution of Qijia Culture around 4.2 ka BP. After a nearly 300 years of cold and dry period, the unified Neolithic farming culture completely collapsed. Afterwards an industrial division of animal husbandry and farming and regional multiple cultures formed, and ultimately led to the end of primitive society and the starting of a civilized society.展开更多
China is experiencing a fast process of farmland conversion which is conducted mainly by local governments to fuel economic development.Social tension is aroused and policy makers take great concerns on coordinating i...China is experiencing a fast process of farmland conversion which is conducted mainly by local governments to fuel economic development.Social tension is aroused and policy makers take great concerns on coordinating interests among different stakeholders,especially for increasing farmers′ interest.The purpose of this study is to get some insights related to land acquisition institution by exploring farmers′ perception to farmland conversion.Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) was applied for the investigation in peri-urban area,of Xining City,Qinghai Province,China.The total of 519 householders from 15 villages completed valid questionnaire survey from July to November,2012.The results indicate that farmland conversion has several impacts on farmers′ life.Most farmers are gradually adapting to city life.Higher living expenses and more income are perceived by farmers with average score of 4.21 and 2.69,respectively.The average scores of 2.38 and 2.46 are for improvement of life security and more job opportunities.Farmers expect to get some stable ways of compensation in addition to lump-sum compensation in cash.Stable subsidies every year and obtaining same number of land received strong proposal.And these two options are cited by 49.6% and 43.9% of respondents.Farmland conversion brings about cleaner living condition and more amenities,but lower air visibility and drier air.Results reflect landless farmers′ economic and life pressures and various demands.Local government should pay more attention to increase farmers′ income and improve rural security system.展开更多
文摘经济空间分布数据是进行灾害损失评估的重要指标之一。青藏高原地区经济相对落后,地质灾害频发,研究该地区灾害对经济造成的影响意义重大。本研究基于分区分产业模拟的方法,将第一产业增加值(GDP of Primary Industry,GDP1)与土地利用类型、数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、村落点、道路、河流缓冲区建立对应关系,第二三产业增加值(GDP of Secondary and Tertiary Industries,GDP23)与多元信息耦合后的夜间灯光、建筑用地、兴趣点数据分市区与县域创建空间模型。采用随机森林确定第二三产业中各类指标的权重,计算GDP23格网值,最终将GDP1与GDP23栅格叠加,构建2020年青藏高原100 m×100 m的国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product,GDP)空间化分布图。利用县级GDP统计数据进行精度验证,相对均方根误差为0.0385,表明数据能较好地反映青藏高原GDP空间分布情况。本数据可为青藏高原灾害风险评估、防灾减灾提供数据支撑。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771211 No.40261003 National Key Technology Research and Development Program, No.2007BAC03A11 The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Prof. Fang Xiuqi from Beijing Normal University for his constructive suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript, as well as Dr. Ran Min from Lanzhou University for providing some information, and Yang Yuhan, a master from Qinghai Normal University, for collecting the materials, in the prepa- ration of this paper.
文摘The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spatial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yangshao Culture prosperity emerged. The Holocene entered the late period after the cold climate event at 5.9 ka BP in the Gansu-Qinghai region. Later the climate began to turn cold. However, at the 5.8-4.2 ka BP a relatively stable warm and humid climate created the conditions for the development of Majiayao Culture of the Neolithic Age in this region, thus the distribution of its cultural heritage sites expanded towards high altitudes and high latitudes. From 4.2 ka BP onwards, the climate became cold and dry, which had a significant influence on the Neolithic cultures of the Gansu-Qinghai region, leading to a dramatic change in the cultural characters and spatial distribution of Qijia Culture around 4.2 ka BP. After a nearly 300 years of cold and dry period, the unified Neolithic farming culture completely collapsed. Afterwards an industrial division of animal husbandry and farming and regional multiple cultures formed, and ultimately led to the end of primitive society and the starting of a civilized society.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40971051)
文摘China is experiencing a fast process of farmland conversion which is conducted mainly by local governments to fuel economic development.Social tension is aroused and policy makers take great concerns on coordinating interests among different stakeholders,especially for increasing farmers′ interest.The purpose of this study is to get some insights related to land acquisition institution by exploring farmers′ perception to farmland conversion.Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) was applied for the investigation in peri-urban area,of Xining City,Qinghai Province,China.The total of 519 householders from 15 villages completed valid questionnaire survey from July to November,2012.The results indicate that farmland conversion has several impacts on farmers′ life.Most farmers are gradually adapting to city life.Higher living expenses and more income are perceived by farmers with average score of 4.21 and 2.69,respectively.The average scores of 2.38 and 2.46 are for improvement of life security and more job opportunities.Farmers expect to get some stable ways of compensation in addition to lump-sum compensation in cash.Stable subsidies every year and obtaining same number of land received strong proposal.And these two options are cited by 49.6% and 43.9% of respondents.Farmland conversion brings about cleaner living condition and more amenities,but lower air visibility and drier air.Results reflect landless farmers′ economic and life pressures and various demands.Local government should pay more attention to increase farmers′ income and improve rural security system.
