Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been pro...Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.展开更多
气候变化将会对森林树种结构、空间结构以及林龄结构等产生重大影响,准确预测森林景观演替对未来气候变化的响应,不仅能够为科学管理森林生态系统提供理论依据,而且对制定生物多样性保护与珍稀物种保护策略也具有重要意义。本文运用LAND...气候变化将会对森林树种结构、空间结构以及林龄结构等产生重大影响,准确预测森林景观演替对未来气候变化的响应,不仅能够为科学管理森林生态系统提供理论依据,而且对制定生物多样性保护与珍稀物种保护策略也具有重要意义。本文运用LANDIS Pro 7.0与LINKAGES模型,模拟天宝岩国家级自然保护区8个树种在2种不同气候变化情景(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下未来300年的森林植被演替动态,分析森林景观格局变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:毛竹、马尾松、猴头杜鹃、长苞铁杉以及杉木的潜在面积分布与景观格局指数对气候变化的响应较为显著。在气候变化情景下,各树种的景观分维度均介于1.03—1.08,保护区内各景观斑块相对简单规则。毛竹、猴头杜鹃和杉木聚集度下降趋势明显而斑块密度显著上升,长苞铁杉随演替进行面积逐渐减少而聚集度相对较高且斑块密度剧增,马尾松斑块密度缓慢增加而聚集度先降后升,随气候变化这些树种的景观完整度都遭到了不同程度的破坏,且在RCP8.5气候情景下景观破碎化更严重。而气候变化对阔叶林与柳杉的影响则较小,且阔叶林在演替期间斑块密度下降而聚集度稳中有增,潜在面积分布呈现出良好的发展势头。随气候变化,天宝岩自然保护区森林景观的演替最终将朝着“常绿阔叶林为主、针阔叶混交林为辅”的群落组成演变,保护区森林景观格局对气候变化的响应较为敏感。展开更多
NPP是森林生态系统物质循环过程的关键参数,是表征生态系统碳收支的重要指标,对了解植被生长生物量积累和大气CO_(2)吸收具有重要意义。采用中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心遥感监测的NPP数据,通过趋势分析、多元回归等方法,系统分析广...NPP是森林生态系统物质循环过程的关键参数,是表征生态系统碳收支的重要指标,对了解植被生长生物量积累和大气CO_(2)吸收具有重要意义。采用中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心遥感监测的NPP数据,通过趋势分析、多元回归等方法,系统分析广东省国家级公益林NPP时空变化特征。结果表明,2004—2015年,NPP主要分布在400~800 g C/(m^(2)·a)区间内,所占比例超过70%;NPP在空间分布上较为离散,与高程联系紧密,东部地区及茂名市、阳江市的NPP相对较高;广东省国家级公益林的NPP呈波动增加趋势,年平均增加速率为4.9 g C/(m^(2)·a);不同年度NPP值总体处于较稳定状态,所占比例为99.25%,抗干扰能力强;广东省国家级公益林的NPP经异养呼吸后仍有60.6%保留在生态系统中,反映了国家级公益林良好的固碳能力,为我国“碳中和”目标贡献了林业力量。展开更多
基金supported by the Fund for the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology(2023ZD04038)the Key Project for Agricultural Breakthrough in Core Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(NYHXGG,2023AA102)the Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2022NY01)。
文摘Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.
文摘气候变化将会对森林树种结构、空间结构以及林龄结构等产生重大影响,准确预测森林景观演替对未来气候变化的响应,不仅能够为科学管理森林生态系统提供理论依据,而且对制定生物多样性保护与珍稀物种保护策略也具有重要意义。本文运用LANDIS Pro 7.0与LINKAGES模型,模拟天宝岩国家级自然保护区8个树种在2种不同气候变化情景(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下未来300年的森林植被演替动态,分析森林景观格局变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:毛竹、马尾松、猴头杜鹃、长苞铁杉以及杉木的潜在面积分布与景观格局指数对气候变化的响应较为显著。在气候变化情景下,各树种的景观分维度均介于1.03—1.08,保护区内各景观斑块相对简单规则。毛竹、猴头杜鹃和杉木聚集度下降趋势明显而斑块密度显著上升,长苞铁杉随演替进行面积逐渐减少而聚集度相对较高且斑块密度剧增,马尾松斑块密度缓慢增加而聚集度先降后升,随气候变化这些树种的景观完整度都遭到了不同程度的破坏,且在RCP8.5气候情景下景观破碎化更严重。而气候变化对阔叶林与柳杉的影响则较小,且阔叶林在演替期间斑块密度下降而聚集度稳中有增,潜在面积分布呈现出良好的发展势头。随气候变化,天宝岩自然保护区森林景观的演替最终将朝着“常绿阔叶林为主、针阔叶混交林为辅”的群落组成演变,保护区森林景观格局对气候变化的响应较为敏感。
文摘NPP是森林生态系统物质循环过程的关键参数,是表征生态系统碳收支的重要指标,对了解植被生长生物量积累和大气CO_(2)吸收具有重要意义。采用中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心遥感监测的NPP数据,通过趋势分析、多元回归等方法,系统分析广东省国家级公益林NPP时空变化特征。结果表明,2004—2015年,NPP主要分布在400~800 g C/(m^(2)·a)区间内,所占比例超过70%;NPP在空间分布上较为离散,与高程联系紧密,东部地区及茂名市、阳江市的NPP相对较高;广东省国家级公益林的NPP呈波动增加趋势,年平均增加速率为4.9 g C/(m^(2)·a);不同年度NPP值总体处于较稳定状态,所占比例为99.25%,抗干扰能力强;广东省国家级公益林的NPP经异养呼吸后仍有60.6%保留在生态系统中,反映了国家级公益林良好的固碳能力,为我国“碳中和”目标贡献了林业力量。
