OBJECTIVE To highlight the pharmacological effects of rosemary and its active compounds and eluci⁃date its related mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)management both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS In o...OBJECTIVE To highlight the pharmacological effects of rosemary and its active compounds and eluci⁃date its related mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)management both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS In orotic acid induced NAFLD rats model,rats were administrated with 100,200 and 400 mg·kg^-1 rosemary ethanol extract(RO),10,25 and 50 mg·kg^-1 rosemary acid(RA),and 5,10 and 25 mg·kg^-1 carnosic acid(CA)for three weeks respec⁃tively.Sodium oleate induced HepG2 cell model was used to study the regulation effect of rosemary ethanol extract and its main metabolites on fat accumulation.lipid metabolism related gene expression was analyzed by Western blotting and real-time PCR to clarify the specific molecular mechanism of RO,RA and CA in lipid accumulation.RESULTS RO,RA and CA significantly reduced the contents of liver triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),free fatty acids(FFA)and improved cell hypertrophy,vacuolation,and cell necrosis in liver of orotic acid induced NAFLD model rats.The mecha⁃nism and related pathways of RO and its main metabolites against lipid disorder was related to the up-regulation of the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and inhibition of the sterol regu⁃latory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)cracking into the nuclear,following down-regulation of fatty acid synthesis.CONCLUSION The rosemary has effectively function to regulate lipid metabolism through AMPK/SREBP1c signaling pathway.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Eurycoma longifolia is a tropical medicinal plant belonging to Simaroubaceae distributed in South East Asia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of E.longifolia stem 70%ethanol extrac...OBJECTIVE Eurycoma longifolia is a tropical medicinal plant belonging to Simaroubaceae distributed in South East Asia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of E.longifolia stem 70%ethanol extract(EL)and its active com⁃poundson uric acid excretion.METHODS Potassium oxonate(PO)induced hyperuricemia rats and adenine-PO induced hyperuricemia mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of EL.Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the levels of plasma or serum uric acid and creatinine.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe kidney pathological changes,Western blot⁃ting was applied to detect protein expression levels of uric acid transporters.Effects of constituents on urate uptake were tested in hU⁃RAT1-expressing HEK293T cells.RESULTS EL significantly reduced serum and plasma uric acid levels at dosages of 100,200 and 400 mg·kg^-1 in hyperuricemia rats and mice,and increased the clearance rate of uric acid and creatinine,improved therenal pathological injury.The protein expression levels of urate reabsorption transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9 were down-regulated while sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 were up-regulated in the kidney after EL treat⁃ment.The diterpenes(50μmol·L^-1)isolated from EL showed inhibitory effects on urate uptake in hURAT1-expressing HEK293T cells,and the effect of eurycomanol was further confirmed in vivo.CONCLUSION EL significantly reduced blood uric acid levels and prevented pathological changes of kidney in PO induced hyperuricemia animal model,improved renal urate transports.We partly clarified the mechanism was related to suppressing effect of URAT1 by diterpene in EL.This study is the first to demonstrate that EL plays a role in hyperuricemia by promoting renal uric acid excretion.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE To highlight the pharmacological effects of rosemary and its active compounds and eluci⁃date its related mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)management both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS In orotic acid induced NAFLD rats model,rats were administrated with 100,200 and 400 mg·kg^-1 rosemary ethanol extract(RO),10,25 and 50 mg·kg^-1 rosemary acid(RA),and 5,10 and 25 mg·kg^-1 carnosic acid(CA)for three weeks respec⁃tively.Sodium oleate induced HepG2 cell model was used to study the regulation effect of rosemary ethanol extract and its main metabolites on fat accumulation.lipid metabolism related gene expression was analyzed by Western blotting and real-time PCR to clarify the specific molecular mechanism of RO,RA and CA in lipid accumulation.RESULTS RO,RA and CA significantly reduced the contents of liver triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),free fatty acids(FFA)and improved cell hypertrophy,vacuolation,and cell necrosis in liver of orotic acid induced NAFLD model rats.The mecha⁃nism and related pathways of RO and its main metabolites against lipid disorder was related to the up-regulation of the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and inhibition of the sterol regu⁃latory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)cracking into the nuclear,following down-regulation of fatty acid synthesis.CONCLUSION The rosemary has effectively function to regulate lipid metabolism through AMPK/SREBP1c signaling pathway.
文摘OBJECTIVE Eurycoma longifolia is a tropical medicinal plant belonging to Simaroubaceae distributed in South East Asia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of E.longifolia stem 70%ethanol extract(EL)and its active com⁃poundson uric acid excretion.METHODS Potassium oxonate(PO)induced hyperuricemia rats and adenine-PO induced hyperuricemia mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of EL.Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the levels of plasma or serum uric acid and creatinine.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe kidney pathological changes,Western blot⁃ting was applied to detect protein expression levels of uric acid transporters.Effects of constituents on urate uptake were tested in hU⁃RAT1-expressing HEK293T cells.RESULTS EL significantly reduced serum and plasma uric acid levels at dosages of 100,200 and 400 mg·kg^-1 in hyperuricemia rats and mice,and increased the clearance rate of uric acid and creatinine,improved therenal pathological injury.The protein expression levels of urate reabsorption transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9 were down-regulated while sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 were up-regulated in the kidney after EL treat⁃ment.The diterpenes(50μmol·L^-1)isolated from EL showed inhibitory effects on urate uptake in hURAT1-expressing HEK293T cells,and the effect of eurycomanol was further confirmed in vivo.CONCLUSION EL significantly reduced blood uric acid levels and prevented pathological changes of kidney in PO induced hyperuricemia animal model,improved renal urate transports.We partly clarified the mechanism was related to suppressing effect of URAT1 by diterpene in EL.This study is the first to demonstrate that EL plays a role in hyperuricemia by promoting renal uric acid excretion.
