Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this s...Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this study,based on 36 Landsat images,we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation,GIS(geographic information system)spatial overlay techniques,and manual visual interpretation.We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area,and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge.The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a,with a decrease of 10.86%and an average change rate of–0.54%/a.With the increase in glacier scale,the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially,and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable.Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.About 97.92%of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m,and 48.11%of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes.The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest(68.82%)at elevations below 3800 m.There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers.Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope.Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a,with an increase rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)/a.The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×10^(8) m^(3),of which 33.31%was distributed in the ablation season(June–September).The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%,and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37%of the total runoff during the ablation season.In addition,precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff.The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.展开更多
湄公河流域是中国"一带一路"沿线的重要门户,核算流域各国的生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV)与利益补偿量,对建立各国资源利用与经济补偿的联动关系、促进流域协调发展具有重要意义。基于生态足迹理论,对湄公...湄公河流域是中国"一带一路"沿线的重要门户,核算流域各国的生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV)与利益补偿量,对建立各国资源利用与经济补偿的联动关系、促进流域协调发展具有重要意义。基于生态足迹理论,对湄公河流域1995—2015年的ESV和生态盈余(或赤字)状况进行了动态评估,结合流域各国的实际经济发展水平对生态补偿优先级进行量化分析,初步建立了各国ESV与实际生态补偿量的转化关系,并对"生态消费型"国家在现状年(2015年)的实际生态补偿量进行了确定。结果表明:1)湄公河流域ESV由1995年的1289.76亿美元下降至2015年的1259.21亿美元,各国ESV从大到小依次为:泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、越南、缅甸;各国林地ESV的比例最大(>60.0%),水域和湿地ESV比例的增幅最快,近20 a增加了4.5%。2)1995-2015年间,流域境内的缅甸、老挝两国为生态盈余状态,其他3国为生态赤字状态,且赤字水平呈逐年加重趋势,其中泰国、越南两国对全流域生态足迹(Ecological Footprint,EF)的贡献比例高达80.1%。3)流域上游的缅甸、老挝两国为"生态输出型"国家,下游的3个国家为"生态消费型"国家,其中泰国、越南两国经济发展水平较好且生态补偿优先级系数(Ecological Compensation Priority Sequence,ECPS)更低(分别为0.05和0.09),均低于其他3个湄公河流域国家(缅甸:2.67,老挝:1.16,柬埔寨:0.55),应率先进行生态支付。4)结合流域各国的实际经济发展水平,初步确定下游"生态消费型"国家应支付实际生态补偿合计680.63亿美元,泰国、越南和柬埔寨分别支付507.73、167.61和5.29亿美元。该研究结果可为湄公河流域资源管理和生态补偿政策的建立提供理论支撑,并为其他跨境流域相关的研究提供借鉴与参考。展开更多
以玉龙喀什河流域为研究区,使用中国气象同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型进行径流模拟,评估了CMADS在该流域的精...以玉龙喀什河流域为研究区,使用中国气象同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型进行径流模拟,评估了CMADS在该流域的精度以及对SWAT模型的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMADS的降水、最高气温和最低气温与地面水文测站获取的相应参数的相关系数分别达到了0.650、0.998和0.995,对气温的模拟结果明显优于降水;并利用协同克里金插值分析了CMADS在研究区的降水、最高气温和最低气温的时空分布特征,表明该数据集能够很好地反映下垫面地形特征,具有较高的质量。(2)SWAT模型在模拟月尺度径流方面,除极值模拟较差以外,率定期和验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient,NSE)分别达到了0.845和0.836,取得了较为满意的模拟结果。本文证明了CMADS+SWAT模式对高寒山区的水文模拟有很好的适用性,提供了在地面站点稀缺地区构建水文模型的替代方案,对寒旱区的水文模拟起到了一定的促进作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52169005)the Support Plan for Innovation and Development of Key Industries in southern Xinjiang,China(2022DB024)the Corps Science and Technology Innovation Talents Program Project of China(2023CB008-08).
文摘Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this study,based on 36 Landsat images,we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation,GIS(geographic information system)spatial overlay techniques,and manual visual interpretation.We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area,and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge.The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a,with a decrease of 10.86%and an average change rate of–0.54%/a.With the increase in glacier scale,the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially,and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable.Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.About 97.92%of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m,and 48.11%of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes.The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest(68.82%)at elevations below 3800 m.There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers.Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope.Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a,with an increase rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)/a.The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×10^(8) m^(3),of which 33.31%was distributed in the ablation season(June–September).The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%,and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37%of the total runoff during the ablation season.In addition,precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff.The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.
文摘以玉龙喀什河流域为研究区,使用中国气象同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型进行径流模拟,评估了CMADS在该流域的精度以及对SWAT模型的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMADS的降水、最高气温和最低气温与地面水文测站获取的相应参数的相关系数分别达到了0.650、0.998和0.995,对气温的模拟结果明显优于降水;并利用协同克里金插值分析了CMADS在研究区的降水、最高气温和最低气温的时空分布特征,表明该数据集能够很好地反映下垫面地形特征,具有较高的质量。(2)SWAT模型在模拟月尺度径流方面,除极值模拟较差以外,率定期和验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient,NSE)分别达到了0.845和0.836,取得了较为满意的模拟结果。本文证明了CMADS+SWAT模式对高寒山区的水文模拟有很好的适用性,提供了在地面站点稀缺地区构建水文模型的替代方案,对寒旱区的水文模拟起到了一定的促进作用。
