为探索负压供水对辣椒土壤速效养分和土壤生物活性的影响,在温室大棚内采用盆栽试验,试验利用负压供水装置,设置-5、-10、-15 k Pa以及人工浇水(CK)4个处理,测定了辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,以及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲...为探索负压供水对辣椒土壤速效养分和土壤生物活性的影响,在温室大棚内采用盆栽试验,试验利用负压供水装置,设置-5、-10、-15 k Pa以及人工浇水(CK)4个处理,测定了辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,以及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性指标。结果表明,试验中供水压力控制在-5^-15 k Pa时,辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,4种土壤酶活性均显著高于CK,其中,-5k Pa处理对土壤养分及酶活性的提高显著。土壤速效养分含量与酶活性相关分析表明,在负压供水条件下,土壤4种酶活性之间,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量之间,土壤酶与土壤速效养分之间均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析表明,第一主成分对土壤养分供应能力的贡献大,第二主成分反映出过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶不断分解减少时,有效磷及速效钾权重减少。综上所述,采用负压供水方式,能促进土壤酶活性提高,有利于辣椒土壤养分的转化,当供水压力稳定在-5 k Pa时,提高辣椒土壤养分效果更为显著。展开更多
【目的】进行不同材质灌水器和不同供水压力的双因素试验,以期为菠菜生长选择适宜材质的灌水器和供水水平提供技术参数。【方法】以常规浇水为对照(CK),负压灌溉灌水器采用陶瓷头(T)和PVFM(P),并分别设置了–4 k Pa(W1)、–8 k Pa(W2)、...【目的】进行不同材质灌水器和不同供水压力的双因素试验,以期为菠菜生长选择适宜材质的灌水器和供水水平提供技术参数。【方法】以常规浇水为对照(CK),负压灌溉灌水器采用陶瓷头(T)和PVFM(P),并分别设置了–4 k Pa(W1)、–8 k Pa(W2)、–12 k Pa(W3)3个供水压力水平,共7个处理。在遮雨网室内以盆栽的方式研究了不同处理对菠菜耗水量和土壤含水量的动态变化、菠菜的生长发育指标、干物质量、产量及其养分吸收的影响。【结果】在菠菜的整个生育期,耗水速率呈先慢后快的趋势,相同灌水器菠菜累计供水量和土壤含水量随着供水压力的减小而减小,不同负压处理土壤含水量不同且都比CK高,供水压力在设定的–12~–4 k Pa范围内,土壤含水量可以控制在18.6%~27.4%之间,变异系数范围0.039~0.052,属于弱变异,而CK变异系数为0.103,属于中等变异。在相同供水负压下,PVFM材料处理的菠菜累计耗水量均高于陶瓷头。供水压力在–8~–4 k Pa之间的负压灌溉处理土壤含水量较高,菠菜生长良好,叶片数适中,叶面积较大,比–12 k Pa和CK处理有利于菠菜生长。两种材质灌水器比较则是PVMF更有利于菠菜生长发育,–8 k Pa处理PVFM比陶瓷头的干物质量显著增加了36.2%。菠菜保持产量、生物量较高的情况下,最优水分利用效率的处理为W2P,与CK相比,该处理下菠菜产量提高了59.9%,耗水量降低了35.9%,水分利用效率提高了88.3%。随着供水压力的减小,菠菜氮磷钾吸收量先增大后减小,但均高于CK的吸收量。供水压力为–8 k Pa的氮磷钾吸收量最高,相同供水压力不同灌水器下,氮磷钾的吸收量均以PVFM的较高。所有处理菠菜吸收K2O最多,N次之,P2O5最少。【结论】本试验中,采用PVFM作为灌水器材质,控制灌溉水压在–8 k Pa(W2P处理)时较有利于菠菜的生长,也更有利于菠菜水分利用效率、产量和养分吸收量的提高。展开更多
Reliable prediction of soil organic carbon（SOC） density and carbon sequestration potential（CSP） plays an important role in the atmospheric carbon dioxide budget. This study evaluated temporal and spatial variation...Reliable prediction of soil organic carbon（SOC） density and carbon sequestration potential（CSP） plays an important role in the atmospheric carbon dioxide budget. This study evaluated temporal and spatial variation of topsoil SOC density and CSP of 21 soil groups across Hebei Province, China, using data collected during the second national soil survey in the 1980 s and during the recent soil inventory in 2010. The CSP can be estimated by the method that the saturated SOC content subtracts the actual SOC associated with clay and silt. Overall, the SOC density and CSP of most soil groups increased from the 1980 s to 2010 and varied between different soil groups. Among all soil groups, Haplic phaeozems had the highest SOC density and Endogleyic solonchaks had the largest CSP. Areas of soil groups with the highest SOC density（90 to 120 t C ha^（–1）） and carbon sequestration（120 to 160 t C ha^（–1）） also increased over time. With regard to spatial distribution, the north of the province had higher SOC density but lower CSP than the south. With respect to land-use type, cultivated soils had lower SOC density but higher CSP than uncultivated soils. In addition, SOC density and CSP were influenced by soil physicochemical properties, climate and terrain and were most strongly correlated with soil humic acid concentration. The results suggest that soil groups（uncultivated soils） of higher SOC density have greater risk of carbon dioxide emission and that management should be aimed at maximizing carbon sequestration in soil groups（cultivated soils） with greater CSP. Furthermore, soils should be managed according to their spatial distributions of SOC density and carbon sequestration potential under different soil groups.展开更多
Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on water consumption, growth and development, as well as physiological mechanism and quality of Capsicum annuum L. were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the o...Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on water consumption, growth and development, as well as physiological mechanism and quality of Capsicum annuum L. were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the optimal negative pressure water supply conditions for growth of C. annuum L. were screened out to achieve the goals of water conservation, high yield and high quality, thus providing theoretical foundation for its field production. The pot experiment within the greenhouse was utilized; the continuous negative pressure water supply was adopted; the four treatments, artificial watering（CK）, –5 k Pa（T1）, –10 k Pa（T2）, and –15 k Pa（T3） were set; and the daily water consumption, yield, as well as the biomass, nitrate reductase, root activity, vitamin C, capsaicin, and nutrient uptakes of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） during various stages of its growth were determined. Compared with CK, when the water supply pressure was controlled at –5 to –15 k Pa in the experiment, the total water consumption of C. annuum L. reduced by 53.42 to 67.75%, the total water consumption intensity reduced by 54.29 to 67.14%, and the water use efficiency increased by 12.66 to 124.67%. The N accumulation in a single strain of C. annuum L. from the color turning stage to the red ripe stage increased by 15.99 to 100.55%, respectively, compared with that of CK; the P accumulation increased by 20.47 to 154.00% relative to that of CK, and the K accumulation increased by 64.92 to 144.9% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, C. annuum L. yield was remarkably improved by 13.79% at T1, and contents of vitamin C, capsaicin as well as carotenoids at all growth stages were enhanced by 13.42–147.01%, 11.54–71.01%, and 41.1–568.06%, respectively. Nitrate reductase activity, root activity and chlorophyll（a＋b） were markedly increased by 335.78–500%, 79.6–140.68% and 114.95–676.19%, respectively, from immature stage to full ripe stage. Adopting the continuous negative pressure water supply for C. annuum L. has a significant water-saving effect, and the water supply pressure being stable at –5 k Pa contributes to its growth and development, improves yield, enhances root activity, promotes nutrient uptake, and improves its quality, thus achieving the effects of water conservation, high yield, high quality and high efficiency.展开更多
文摘为探索负压供水对辣椒土壤速效养分和土壤生物活性的影响,在温室大棚内采用盆栽试验,试验利用负压供水装置,设置-5、-10、-15 k Pa以及人工浇水(CK)4个处理,测定了辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,以及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性指标。结果表明,试验中供水压力控制在-5^-15 k Pa时,辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,4种土壤酶活性均显著高于CK,其中,-5k Pa处理对土壤养分及酶活性的提高显著。土壤速效养分含量与酶活性相关分析表明,在负压供水条件下,土壤4种酶活性之间,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量之间,土壤酶与土壤速效养分之间均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析表明,第一主成分对土壤养分供应能力的贡献大,第二主成分反映出过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶不断分解减少时,有效磷及速效钾权重减少。综上所述,采用负压供水方式,能促进土壤酶活性提高,有利于辣椒土壤养分的转化,当供水压力稳定在-5 k Pa时,提高辣椒土壤养分效果更为显著。
文摘【目的】进行不同材质灌水器和不同供水压力的双因素试验,以期为菠菜生长选择适宜材质的灌水器和供水水平提供技术参数。【方法】以常规浇水为对照(CK),负压灌溉灌水器采用陶瓷头(T)和PVFM(P),并分别设置了–4 k Pa(W1)、–8 k Pa(W2)、–12 k Pa(W3)3个供水压力水平,共7个处理。在遮雨网室内以盆栽的方式研究了不同处理对菠菜耗水量和土壤含水量的动态变化、菠菜的生长发育指标、干物质量、产量及其养分吸收的影响。【结果】在菠菜的整个生育期,耗水速率呈先慢后快的趋势,相同灌水器菠菜累计供水量和土壤含水量随着供水压力的减小而减小,不同负压处理土壤含水量不同且都比CK高,供水压力在设定的–12~–4 k Pa范围内,土壤含水量可以控制在18.6%~27.4%之间,变异系数范围0.039~0.052,属于弱变异,而CK变异系数为0.103,属于中等变异。在相同供水负压下,PVFM材料处理的菠菜累计耗水量均高于陶瓷头。供水压力在–8~–4 k Pa之间的负压灌溉处理土壤含水量较高,菠菜生长良好,叶片数适中,叶面积较大,比–12 k Pa和CK处理有利于菠菜生长。两种材质灌水器比较则是PVMF更有利于菠菜生长发育,–8 k Pa处理PVFM比陶瓷头的干物质量显著增加了36.2%。菠菜保持产量、生物量较高的情况下,最优水分利用效率的处理为W2P,与CK相比,该处理下菠菜产量提高了59.9%,耗水量降低了35.9%,水分利用效率提高了88.3%。随着供水压力的减小,菠菜氮磷钾吸收量先增大后减小,但均高于CK的吸收量。供水压力为–8 k Pa的氮磷钾吸收量最高,相同供水压力不同灌水器下,氮磷钾的吸收量均以PVFM的较高。所有处理菠菜吸收K2O最多,N次之,P2O5最少。【结论】本试验中,采用PVFM作为灌水器材质,控制灌溉水压在–8 k Pa(W2P处理)时较有利于菠菜的生长,也更有利于菠菜水分利用效率、产量和养分吸收量的提高。
基金the Basic Work of Science and Technology,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2014FY110200A07)
文摘Reliable prediction of soil organic carbon（SOC） density and carbon sequestration potential（CSP） plays an important role in the atmospheric carbon dioxide budget. This study evaluated temporal and spatial variation of topsoil SOC density and CSP of 21 soil groups across Hebei Province, China, using data collected during the second national soil survey in the 1980 s and during the recent soil inventory in 2010. The CSP can be estimated by the method that the saturated SOC content subtracts the actual SOC associated with clay and silt. Overall, the SOC density and CSP of most soil groups increased from the 1980 s to 2010 and varied between different soil groups. Among all soil groups, Haplic phaeozems had the highest SOC density and Endogleyic solonchaks had the largest CSP. Areas of soil groups with the highest SOC density（90 to 120 t C ha^（–1）） and carbon sequestration（120 to 160 t C ha^（–1）） also increased over time. With regard to spatial distribution, the north of the province had higher SOC density but lower CSP than the south. With respect to land-use type, cultivated soils had lower SOC density but higher CSP than uncultivated soils. In addition, SOC density and CSP were influenced by soil physicochemical properties, climate and terrain and were most strongly correlated with soil humic acid concentration. The results suggest that soil groups（uncultivated soils） of higher SOC density have greater risk of carbon dioxide emission and that management should be aimed at maximizing carbon sequestration in soil groups（cultivated soils） with greater CSP. Furthermore, soils should be managed according to their spatial distributions of SOC density and carbon sequestration potential under different soil groups.
基金supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2013AA102900-3)
文摘Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on water consumption, growth and development, as well as physiological mechanism and quality of Capsicum annuum L. were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the optimal negative pressure water supply conditions for growth of C. annuum L. were screened out to achieve the goals of water conservation, high yield and high quality, thus providing theoretical foundation for its field production. The pot experiment within the greenhouse was utilized; the continuous negative pressure water supply was adopted; the four treatments, artificial watering（CK）, –5 k Pa（T1）, –10 k Pa（T2）, and –15 k Pa（T3） were set; and the daily water consumption, yield, as well as the biomass, nitrate reductase, root activity, vitamin C, capsaicin, and nutrient uptakes of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） during various stages of its growth were determined. Compared with CK, when the water supply pressure was controlled at –5 to –15 k Pa in the experiment, the total water consumption of C. annuum L. reduced by 53.42 to 67.75%, the total water consumption intensity reduced by 54.29 to 67.14%, and the water use efficiency increased by 12.66 to 124.67%. The N accumulation in a single strain of C. annuum L. from the color turning stage to the red ripe stage increased by 15.99 to 100.55%, respectively, compared with that of CK; the P accumulation increased by 20.47 to 154.00% relative to that of CK, and the K accumulation increased by 64.92 to 144.9% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, C. annuum L. yield was remarkably improved by 13.79% at T1, and contents of vitamin C, capsaicin as well as carotenoids at all growth stages were enhanced by 13.42–147.01%, 11.54–71.01%, and 41.1–568.06%, respectively. Nitrate reductase activity, root activity and chlorophyll（a＋b） were markedly increased by 335.78–500%, 79.6–140.68% and 114.95–676.19%, respectively, from immature stage to full ripe stage. Adopting the continuous negative pressure water supply for C. annuum L. has a significant water-saving effect, and the water supply pressure being stable at –5 k Pa contributes to its growth and development, improves yield, enhances root activity, promotes nutrient uptake, and improves its quality, thus achieving the effects of water conservation, high yield, high quality and high efficiency.
