Chloroplast genomic diversity in Bulbophyllum section Macrocaulia(Orchidaceae,Epidendroideae,Malaxideae):Insights into species divergence and adaptive evolution

Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in Orchidaceae with a pan tropical distribution.Due to highly significant diversifications,it is considered to be one of the most taxonomically and phylogenetically complex taxa.The diversification pattern and evolutionary adaptation of chloroplast genomes are poorly understood in this species-rich genus,and suitable molecular markers are necessary for species determination and phylogenetic analysis.A natural Asian section Macrocaulia was selected to estimate the interspecific divergence of chloroplast genomes in this study.Here,we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of four Bulbophyllum species,including three species from section Macrocaulia.The four chloroplast genomes had a typical quadripartite structure with a genome size ranged from 156,182 to 158,524 bp.The chloroplast genomes included 113 unique genes encoding 79 proteins,30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs.Comparison of the four chloroplast genomes showed that the three species from section Macrocaulia had similar structure and gene contents,and shared a number of indels,which mainly contribute to its monophyly.In addition,interspecific divergence level was also great.Several exclusive indels and polymorphism SSR loci might be used for taxonomical identification and determining interspecific polymorphisms.A total of 20 intergenic regions and three coding genes of the most variable hotspot regions were proposed as candidate effective molecular markers for future phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomical levels and species divergence in Bulbophyllum.All of chloroplast genes in four Bulbophyllum species were under purifying selection,while 13 sites within six genes exhibited sitespecific selection.A whole chloroplast genome phylogenetic analysis based on Maximum Likelihood,Bayesian and Parsimony methods all supported the monophyly of section Macrocaulia and the genus of Bulbophyllum.Our findings provide valuable molecular markers to use in accurately identifying species,clarifying taxonomy,and resolving the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Bulbophyllum.The molecular markers developed in this study will also contribute to further research of conservation of Bulbophyllum species.

Protective effect of luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide against oxygenglucose deprivation-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-β-dglucuronide(LGU) on oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury.METH.ODS The protective effect of LGU on OGD-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes death were investigated by MTT assay.The microfilament change of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was detected by phalloidin staining and the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage rate was also detected by LDH kit.In order to explore the possible mechanisms of LGU,ATP content,intracellular Ca^(2+) fluorescent intensity and concentra.tion,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by ATP kit,CLSM(Fluo-3/AM probe),Ca^(2+) kit,CLSM(JC-1 probe) and western blotting meth.od,respectively.RESULTS The inhibition of H9C2 cardiomyocyte survival rate inducedby OGD was improvedby pretreated with LGU in a concentrationdependent manner.The microfilaments injury as well as the increase of LDH leakage rate were also improvedby pretreated with LGU.The ATP content was significantly decreased,intracellular Ca^(2+) fluorescent intensity and concentration were significantly increased and the MMP was significantly decreased 4 hafter OGD.LGU significantly reversed the de.crease of intracellular ATP content,the increase of Ca^(2+) fluorescent intensity and concentration and the decrease of MMP.The release of cytochrome C,the expressionsof caspase-9 and caspase-3 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes were increased 16 h after OGD.LGUsignificantly inhibited the changes of these apop.tosis-related proteins.CONCLUSION LGU has a significant protective effect against OGD-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury through inhibiting calcium overload,increasing ATP content,improving mi.tochondrial function and inhibiting apoptosis.

Solidification Efficiency and Mechanism of Conventional Curing Agents for Sewage Sludge Stabilization and Dewatering

One of the challenges faced by sewage sludge treatment and disposal is its higher water content,and how to efficient dewater those hazardous materials properly is welcome in practice. This study stabilized the sewage sludge via the using of conventional curing agents and calcined aluminum salts,and the corresponding dewatering mechanisms and structural changes of the stabilized sludge were further comparable analyzed.Experimental results showed that wollastonite and kaolin exhibit a relative higher dewatering efficiency as compared to other conventional curing agents; however the releasing rate of heavy metals of Cu,Cr,Ni for kaolin solidification and Zn,Pb for wollastonite solidification is higher than the sludge samples solidified by other curing agents. For comparison,the sludge samples solidified by calcined aluminum salts (AS),calcium ash,Mg-based curing agent,tricalcium aluminate( C_3A) show a lower heavy metals leaching potential and unconfined compressive strength. In addition,the economic characteristics and local availability of AS,calcium ash,C_3A and CaO makes it have a broad prospect in extension and application. These findings are of great significance for stabilization and dewatering of sewage sludge.

Elaidic acid leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondria-associated membranes triggers disruption of mitochondrial calcium fluxes

Elaidic acid(EA)stimulation can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),accompanied by a large release of Ca^(2+),and ultimately the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells(KCs).Mitochondrial instability or dysfunction may be the key stimulating factors to activate NLRP3 inflammasome,and sustained Ca^(2+)transfer can result in mitochondrial dysfunction.We focused on KCs to explore the damage to mitochondria by EA.After EA stimulation,cells produced an oxidative stress(OS)response with a significant increase in ROS release.Immunoprecipitation experiments and the addition of inhibitors revealed that the increase in the level of intracellular Ca^(2+)led to Ca^(2+)accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix via mitochondria-associated membranes(MAMs).This was accompanied by a significant release of m ROS,loss of MMP and ATP,and a significant increase in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening,ultimately leading to mitochondrial instability.These findings confirmed the mechanism that EA induced mitochondrial Ca^(2+)imbalance in KCs via MAM,ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.Meanwhile,EA induced OS and the decrease of MMP and ATP in rat liver,and significant lesions were found in liver mitochondria.Swelling of the inner mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial vacuolization occurred,with a marked increase in lipid droplets.

Composition-tunable ZnS1-xSex nanobelt solid solutions for efficient solar-fuel production

Band engineering based on the construction of solid solutions is an effective approach to enhance the efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts, via which the balance between light absorption and driving force can be well achieved by continuously tuning the band structure. Here the ZnS1–xSex nanobelt solid solutions have been prepared via thermal treatment of ZnS1–xSex(en)0.5 precursors. The compositions are adjusted by changing the mole ratio of Se to S powder in the starting materials, resulting in continuously modulating the alignment of energy levels of the obtained solid solutions. The band structure is also studied via theoretical calculation. Accordingly, the light harvesting can be tuned too, as confirmed by the UV-vis absorption spectra. XPS valence spectra are used to determine the valence band maximum. Transient photoluminescence spectra are employed to study the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. BET specific surface area and CO2 adsorption isotherms of different catalysts are measured. The obtained ZnS1–xSex nanobelts exhibit different photocatalytic activity for solar-fuel production, dependent on many factors like the light harvesting and alignment of energy levels. The related mechanism is studied in detail.

Structural evolution and magnetic properties of ScLin(n= 2-13) clusters: A PSO and DFT investigation

The stable geometries,electronic structures,and magnetic behaviors of the ScLin(n=2-13)clusters are investigated by using particle swarm optimization(PSO)and density functional theory(DFT).The results show that these clusters have three-dimensional(3D)structures except ScLi2,and ScLi12,and ScLi13 that possess the cage-like structures.In analyses of the average binding energy,second-order difference of energy,and fragmentation energy,ScLi12 cluster is identified as magnetic superatom.The magnetic moment for each of these clusters owns an oscillating curve of different cluster sizes,and their magnetic moments are further investigated using molecular orbitals and jellium model.Of ScLin(n=2-13)clusters,ScLi12 has the largest spin magnetic moment(3µB),and molecular orbitals of ScLi12 can be described as 1S^21P^61D^5αD^2β.Additionally,Mulliken population and AdNDP bonding analysis are discussed and the results reveal that the Sc atom and Lin atoms make equal contribution to the total magnetic moment,and atomic charges transfer between Sc atoms and Li atoms.

The Influence of Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy on the Rural Residents' Consumption

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of influence of fiscal expenditure supporting agriculture monetary supply on rural residents' s consumption by adopting a vector auto-regression model,based on the data from 1978 to 2011.The study indicated that:in the short term,fiscal policy is the Granger reason of rural residents' consumption,monetary policy is not the Granger reason of rural residents' consumption;in the long term,the comprehensive function of fiscal policy and monetary policy has a great influence on the of rural residents' consumption.Under the background of Economic Transition and Urbanization,Expanding Domestic Demand is the slogan.We should coordinate fiscal policy and monetary policy to promote the rural residents' consumption.

Empirical Research on the Influence of the Differences between PRC GAAP and IAS/IFRS on Chinese Listed Companies

With the support and promotion of many international organizations, and quick development of accounting standards globalization, the high quality global accounting standards led by IASB are striding towards us at an astonishing speed. After continuous reform, China has made remarkable performance towards accounting standards globalization. From the analysis of the past six years （1999-2004）, the authors find out that although there are systematic differences between PRC GAAP and IAS/IFRS and the differences have significant impact on financial disclosures of Chinese listed companies, the influences have weakened. This means that the differences between PRC GAAP and IAS/IFRS have narrowed and that PRC GAAP is converging towards IAS/IFRS.

Bioactivities,Mechanisms,Production,and Potential Application of Bile Acids in Preventing and Treating Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are a global public health problem,with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases on the rise worldwide.Therefore,their prevention and treatment are still major challenges.Bile acids are common metabolites in both hosts and microorganisms that play a significant role in controlling the metabolism of lipids,glucose,and energy.Bile acids have historically been utilized as first-line,valuable therapeutic agents for related metabolic and hepatobiliary diseases.Notably,bile acids are the major active ingredients of cow bezoar and bear bile,which are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)with the therapeutic effects of clearing heat,detoxification,and relieving wind and spasm.In recent years,the promising performance of bile acids against infectious diseases has attracted attention from the scientific community.This paper reviews for the first time the biological activities,possible mechanisms,production routes,and potential applications of bile acids in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.Compared with previous reviews,we comprehensively summarize existing studies on the use of bile acids against infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality.In addition,to ensure a stable supply of bile acids at affordable prices,it is necessary to clarify the biosynthesis of bile acids in vivo,which will assist scientists in elucidating the accumulation of bile acids and discovering how to engineer various bile acids by means of chemosynthesis,biosynthesis,and chemoenzymatic synthesis.Finally,we explore the current challenges in the field and recommend a development strategy for bile-acid-based drugs and the sustainable production of bile acids.The presented studies suggest that bile acids are potential novel therapeutic agents for managing infectious diseases and can be artificially synthesized in a sustainable way.

Elaidic acid-induced intestinal barrier damage led to gut-liver axis derangement and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver of SD rats

Previous studies have shown that trans fatty acids(TFA) are associated with several chronic diseases,the gut microbiota is directly influenced by dietary components and linked to chronic diseases.Our research investigated the effects of elaidic acid(EA),a typical TFA,on the gut microbiota to understand the underlying mechanisms of TFA-related chronic diseases.16S rDNA gene sequencing on faecal samples from Sprague-Dawley rats were performed to explore the composition change of the gut microbiota by EA gavage for 4 weeks.The results showed that the intake of EA increased the abundance of well-documented harmful bacteria,such as Proteobacteria,Anaerotruncus,Oscillibacter and Desulfovibrionaceae.Plus,EA induced translocation of lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and the above pathogenic bacteria,disrupted the intestinal barrier,led to gut-liver axis derangement and TLR4 pathway activation in the liver.Overall,EA induced intestinal barrier damage and regulated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathways in the liver of SD rats,leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory liver damage.

Conversion of LiPSs Accelerated by Pt-Doped Biomass-Derived Hyphae Carbon Nanobelts as Self-Supporting Hosts for Long-Lifespan Li-S Batteries

Rechargeable Li-S batteries(LSBs)are emerging as an important alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),owing to their high energy densities and low cost;yet sluggish redox kinetics of LiPSs results in inferior cycle life.Herein,we prepared multifunctional self-supporting hyphae carbon nanobelt(HCNB)as hosts by carbonization of hyphae balls of Rhizopus,which could increase the S loading of the cathode without sacrificing reaction kinetics.Trace platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were introduced into HCNBs(PtHCNBs)by ion-beam sputtering deposition.Based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses,the introduced trace Pt regulated the local electronic states of heteroatoms in HCNBs.Electrochemical kinetics investigation combined with operando Raman measurements revealed the accelerated reaction mechanics of sulfur species.Benefiting from the synergistic catalytic effect and the unique structures,the as-prepared PtHCNB/MWNCT/S cathodes delivered a stable capacity retention of 77%for 400 cycles at 0.5 C with a sulfur loading of 4.6 mg cm^(-2).More importantly,remarkable cycling performance was achieved with an high areal S loading of 7.6 mg cm^(-2).This finding offers a new strategy to prolong the cycle life of LSBs.

Cellular Chemical Field and Cellular Homeostasis

1.Introduction Cell structure and function are controlled by a complex regulatory networking process,in which molecular adaptation and interaction are essential to maintain cellular homeostasis following dynamic multi-omics rules and multi-systematic changes.This complex chemical process is an important mechanism for stabilizing the cell microenvironment.

The In-Flight Realtime Trigger and Localization Software of GECAM

Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM,an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched on 2020 December 10.We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating in the CPU of the GECAM Electronic Box.This onboard software has the following features:high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation,dedicated localization algorithm optimized for both short and long bursts,and low time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked through the Global Short Message Communication service of the global BeiDou navigation system.This paper provides a detailed description of the design and development of the trigger and localization software system for GECAM.It covers the general design,workflow,the main functions,and the algorithms used in the system.The paper also includes on-ground trigger tests using simulated gamma-ray bursts generated by a dedicated X-ray tube,as well as an overview of the performance for real celestial bursts during its in-orbit operation.

Tmem39b promotes tumor progression and sorafenib resistance by inhibiting ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)poses a significant threat to human health.Resistance to sorafenib in the chemotherapy of HCC is a common and significant issue that profoundly impacts clinical treatment.While several members of the transmembrane(TMEM)protein family have been implicated in the occurrence and progression of HCC,the association between TMEM39b and HCC remains unexplored.This study revealed a significant overexpression of TMEM39b in HCC,which correlated with a poor prognosis.Subsequent investigation revealed that RAS-selective lethal 3(RSL3)induced pronounced ferroptosis in HCC,and knocking down the expression of TMEM39b significantly decreased its severity.Similarly,following the induction of ferroptosis in HCC by sorafenib,knocking down the expression of TMEM39b also decreased the severity of ferroptosis,enhancing HCC tolerance to sorafenib.In conclusion,we propose that TMEM39b promotes tumor progression and resistance to sorafenib by inhibiting ferroptosis in HCC.

穿透式金融审判的理论基石与制度进路

穿透式审判思维在金融司法领域的广泛运用并非纯粹的法律适用问题,而是源自我国政法传统的塑造与金融法适应性提升的必然结果,反映出法院寻求金融治理功能的客观需要。在实践中,穿透式金融审判以“通谋虚伪表示”与“公序良俗转介”为主要实施方式,不仅表征我国法院的角色由金融纠纷的裁判者拓展到金融风险的治理者的转变,同时也昭示着穿透式审判思维业已实现从审判理念到司法规制工具的转型。为抑制穿透式金融审判所可能引发的风险,应从维护法秩序与实现规制效能的双重视角对其予以完善,划定穿透式审判在金融司法中的运用边界,确保司法治理金融市场功能的更好实现。

Guidelines for application of high-content screening in traditional Chinese medicine:concept,equipment,and troubleshooting

High-content screening(HCS)technology combines automated high-speed imaging hardware and single-cell quantitative analysis.It can greatly accelerate data acquisition in cellular fluorescence imaging and is a powerful research technique in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).An increasing number of laboratories and platforms,including TCM laboratories,have begun utilizing HCS systems.However,this technology is still in its infancy in TCM research and there is a lack of sufficient experience with the associated concepts,instrument configurations,and analysis methods.To improve the understanding of HCS among researchers in the field of TCM,this paper summarizes the concept of HCS,software and hardware configuration,the overall research process,as well as common problems and related solutions of HCS in TCM research based on our team’s previous research experience,providing several research examples and an outlook on future perspectives,aiming to provide a technical guide for HCS in TCM research.

抖音电商直播间智能化推荐系统研究

电商直播是现在非常流行的一种电子商务模式,从电商直播间购物也成大众购物的主要渠道之一。抖音电商直播间的智能化推荐系统主要包括四个关键要素:标签、权重、流量和指标,实现内容推荐和流量分发。文章还探讨该系统的优点、存在问题,并提出相应的对策。

Review on the study of Nonlinear Optics of Iridium Metal Organic Complex

Nonlinear optical materials are one of the key research objects in the field of optics, which mainly research the nonlinear effects of the interaction between luminesce and matter. Compared with inorganic nonlinear optical materials, organic nonlinear materials have outstanding advantages: strong adaptability, high flexibility, low cost, easy modification and damage resistance. In this review, the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) experimental technology is used to measure and research the nonlinearity of iridium metal complexes. And because of its structural diversity, people can design molecules according to their needs to get the best nonlinear optical response. Organic molecules with large nonlinear coefficients should have the following characteristics: asymmetric charge distribution, the delocalized nature of π electrons, and easy polarization by external electric fields, and a large π conjugated system. In recent years, metal organic compounds have become a leader in the field of optics, mainly because of their very good nonlinear optical properties. In the future, people will do more investigation on the nonlinearity of metal organic complexes. Researchers have shown great interest in iridium metal organic complexes due in particular to their attractive stability and nonlinear activity. This review mainly studies the nonlinear principle, performance test and Measurement of nonlinearity of iridium metal complexes. The nonlinear properties of other metal-metal organic complexes will not be discussed.

临床多种检测方法联合诊断Klinefelter综合征

目的观察罕见嵌合型Klinefelter综合征患者外周血染色体核型和Y染色体上DAZ基因发生微缺失的情况。方法用染色体核型分析技术检测中期分裂相,用荧光原位杂交技术检测间期细胞和Y染色体上DAZ基因的缺失情况。结结果染色体核型分析技术检测各核型的比例为:48,XXYY占92%、47,XXY占5%、47,XYY占3%。荧光原位杂交技术检测各核型的比例为:48,XXYY占82%、47,XXY占14%、47,XYY占1%、46,XY占3%;检测DAZ基因没有缺失。结论联合检测方法的建立提高了检出率,弥补了由于检测方法的单一检测不到的复杂核型。

Tumor-associated autoantibodies are useful biomarkers in immunodiagnosis of α-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM To determine the prevalence and diagnostic value of autoantibodies inα-fetoprotein(AFP)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Fifty-six serum samples from AFP-negative HCC cases,86 from AFP-positive HCC cases,168 from chronic liver disease cases,and 59 from normal human controls were included in this study.Autoantibodies to nucleophosmin(NPM)1,14-3-3zeta and mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)proteins in AFP-negative HCC serum were evaluated by enzymelinked im munosorbent assay.Partially positive sera were further evaluated by western blotting.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of three tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)in AFP-negative HCC and normal control tissues.RESULTS The frequency of autoantibodies to the three TAAs in AFP-negative HCC sera was 21.4%,19.6%and 19.6%,which was significantly higher than in the chronic liver disease cases and normal human controls(P<0.01)as well as AFP-positive HCC cases.The sensitivity of the three autoantibodies for diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC ranged from 19.6%to 21.4%,and the specificity was approximately 95%.When the three autoantibodies were combined,the sensitivity reached 30.4%and the specificity reached 91.6%.CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to NPM1,14-3-3zeta and MDM2 may be useful biomarkers for immunodiagnosis of AFP-negative HCC.