BACKGROUND Since the advent of the 20th century,alongside the progression of medical science and technological advancements,immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal thera-peutic approach for tumor patients subsequent to...BACKGROUND Since the advent of the 20th century,alongside the progression of medical science and technological advancements,immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal thera-peutic approach for tumor patients subsequent to undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Arimab(camrelizumab),a flagship drug in the realm of immuno-therapy,functions as a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting the progra-mmed death protein 1(PD-1).This drug engages with the human PD-1 receptor,effectively inhibiting the PD-1/programmed death ligand 1 signaling pathway.This inhibition results in the restoration of T cell activity and the induction of an anti-tumour response.However,it is noteworthy that such interference could lead to immune-related adverse events resembling autoimmune reactions.The grow-ing availability and clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors have raised sig-nificant clinical concerns regarding their safety.Numerous instances of immune-related adverse reactions and the associated management strategies have been extensively reported.Timely identification and diagnosis,coupled with multidi-sciplinary consultation and the prompt administration of immunosuppressants,can effectively address severe immune-related adverse reactions.CASE SUMMARY Arimab(camrelizumab),a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death protein 1(PD-1),disrupts the PD-1/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)inter-action,reactivating T cell function and triggering anti-tumor immunity.However,this disruption may trigger immune-mediated adverse events akin to autoim-mune disorders.Approximately 2.8%of such events manifest as immune-related dermatologic reactions,with 0.7%classified as grade 3,which are infrequently documented.Here,this study describes a case of grade 3 bullous dermatitis occur-ring 15 days after initiating camrelizumab therapy.The patient,a 67-year-old male with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma,received camrelizumab plus paclitaxel alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy in early 2022.Due to disease progression,maintenance monotherapy with camrelizumab(200 mg)commenced in June 2022.On the fourth cycle,15 days into treatment,the patient presented with an immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related rash,despite unremarkable test results.Dermatology and pharmacy consultations were conducted,leading to glucocorticoid therapy,topical interventions,and supportive care.Gastric mucosal protection,nutritional supplementation,and other adjunctive treatments were also provided.The patient's symptoms resolved within 15 days post-discharge,resulting in discontinuation of camrelizumab.Like other PD-1 inhibitors,camrelizumab is associated with immune-mediated dermatitis.Thus,optimal management of these events requires a multidisciplinary approach,vigilant monitoring,regular evalua-tions,prompt glucocorticoid administration,and specialized dermatologic care.CONCLUSION The increasing adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice has prompted substantial concerns about their safety profile.A wide range of immune-related adverse events and corresponding management stra-tegies have been well-documented.Early recognition and accurate diagnosis,combined with interdisciplinary collaboration and swift initiation of immunosuppressive therapy,are essential in managing severe immune-related adverse reactions effectively.This report details the treatment trajectory and outcome of a case involving immune-related cutaneous adverse reactions,providing pertinent clinical insights for future cases.展开更多
Alkaline earth sulfides (MgS,CaS and BaS) crystal doped with rare-earth ions is an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter with very high sensitivity,short time constant of the optically stimulated luminescence (O...Alkaline earth sulfides (MgS,CaS and BaS) crystal doped with rare-earth ions is an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter with very high sensitivity,short time constant of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) separated perfectly from the stimulation.In this paper,an OSL dosimeter is described.It has linear dose response from 0.01 to 1000 Gy.The equipment,relatively simple and small in size is promising for applications in space exploration and for high dose irradiation and dangerous irradiation conditions.展开更多
Different channel lengths and layouts on 0.18μm NMOS transistors are designed for investigating the dependence of short channel effects(SCEs)on the width of shallow trench isolation(STI)devices and designing in radia...Different channel lengths and layouts on 0.18μm NMOS transistors are designed for investigating the dependence of short channel effects(SCEs)on the width of shallow trench isolation(STI)devices and designing in radiation hardness.Results show that,prior to irradiation,the devices exhibited near–ideal I–V characteristics,with no significant SCEs.Following irradiation,no noticeable shift of threshold voltage is observed,radiation–induced edge–leakage current,however,exhibits significant sensitivity on TID.Moreover,radiation–enhanced drain induced barrier lowering(DIBL)and channel length modulation(CLM)effects are observed on short–channel NMOS transistors.Comparing to stripe–gate layout,enclosed–gate layout has excellent radiation tolerance.展开更多
Radiation damage of NPN transistors under different fluxes with electron energy of 1.5 MeV was investigated in this article. It has been shown that when NPN transistors were irradiated to a given fluence at different ...Radiation damage of NPN transistors under different fluxes with electron energy of 1.5 MeV was investigated in this article. It has been shown that when NPN transistors were irradiated to a given fluence at different electron fluxes, the shift of base current was dependent on flux. With electron flux decreasing, the shift of base current becomes larger, while collector current almost keeps constant. Thus, more degradation of NPN transistors could be caused by low-electron-flux irradiation, similar to enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) of transistors under 60Co γ-irradiation. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were discussed here.展开更多
We investigate the photoluminescence(PL)emission from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum-well structures before and after 1 MeV electron irradiation.The PL peak intensity exhibits a slight enhancement after low-dose electron ...We investigate the photoluminescence(PL)emission from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum-well structures before and after 1 MeV electron irradiation.The PL peak intensity exhibits a slight enhancement after low-dose electron irradiation(2×10^(13) e/cm^(2)),and then decreases with the cumulative electron dose.Meanwhile,the full width at half maximum of the PL spectrum narrows after low-dose electron irradiation and widens when the irradiation dose is relatively high.With respect to the yellow photoluminescence,there is no significant change until the electron fluence has accumulated up to 10^(14) e/cm^(2).展开更多
In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy stora...In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy storage technologies,which show the potential in matching or even surpassing the current lithium metal batteries in terms of energy density,dendrite-free safety,and elimination of the dependence on the strained lithium and cobalt resources.However,the development of CIBs is still at the initial stage with unsatisfactory performance and several challenges have hindered them from reaching commercialization.In this review,we examine the current advances of CIBs by considering the electrode material design to the electrolyte,thus outlining the new opportunities of aqueous CIBs especially combined with desalination,chloride redox battery,etc.With respect to the developing road of lithium ion and fluoride ion batteries,the possibility of using solid-state chloride ion conductors to replace liquid electrolytes is tentatively discussed.Going beyond,perspectives and clear suggestions are concluded by highlighting the major obstacles and by prescribing specific research topics to inspire more efforts for CIBs in large-scale energy storage applications.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Since the advent of the 20th century,alongside the progression of medical science and technological advancements,immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal thera-peutic approach for tumor patients subsequent to undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Arimab(camrelizumab),a flagship drug in the realm of immuno-therapy,functions as a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting the progra-mmed death protein 1(PD-1).This drug engages with the human PD-1 receptor,effectively inhibiting the PD-1/programmed death ligand 1 signaling pathway.This inhibition results in the restoration of T cell activity and the induction of an anti-tumour response.However,it is noteworthy that such interference could lead to immune-related adverse events resembling autoimmune reactions.The grow-ing availability and clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors have raised sig-nificant clinical concerns regarding their safety.Numerous instances of immune-related adverse reactions and the associated management strategies have been extensively reported.Timely identification and diagnosis,coupled with multidi-sciplinary consultation and the prompt administration of immunosuppressants,can effectively address severe immune-related adverse reactions.CASE SUMMARY Arimab(camrelizumab),a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death protein 1(PD-1),disrupts the PD-1/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)inter-action,reactivating T cell function and triggering anti-tumor immunity.However,this disruption may trigger immune-mediated adverse events akin to autoim-mune disorders.Approximately 2.8%of such events manifest as immune-related dermatologic reactions,with 0.7%classified as grade 3,which are infrequently documented.Here,this study describes a case of grade 3 bullous dermatitis occur-ring 15 days after initiating camrelizumab therapy.The patient,a 67-year-old male with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma,received camrelizumab plus paclitaxel alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy in early 2022.Due to disease progression,maintenance monotherapy with camrelizumab(200 mg)commenced in June 2022.On the fourth cycle,15 days into treatment,the patient presented with an immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related rash,despite unremarkable test results.Dermatology and pharmacy consultations were conducted,leading to glucocorticoid therapy,topical interventions,and supportive care.Gastric mucosal protection,nutritional supplementation,and other adjunctive treatments were also provided.The patient's symptoms resolved within 15 days post-discharge,resulting in discontinuation of camrelizumab.Like other PD-1 inhibitors,camrelizumab is associated with immune-mediated dermatitis.Thus,optimal management of these events requires a multidisciplinary approach,vigilant monitoring,regular evalua-tions,prompt glucocorticoid administration,and specialized dermatologic care.CONCLUSION The increasing adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice has prompted substantial concerns about their safety profile.A wide range of immune-related adverse events and corresponding management stra-tegies have been well-documented.Early recognition and accurate diagnosis,combined with interdisciplinary collaboration and swift initiation of immunosuppressive therapy,are essential in managing severe immune-related adverse reactions effectively.This report details the treatment trajectory and outcome of a case involving immune-related cutaneous adverse reactions,providing pertinent clinical insights for future cases.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (10475112)Western Light Foundation of 2005 years
文摘Alkaline earth sulfides (MgS,CaS and BaS) crystal doped with rare-earth ions is an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter with very high sensitivity,short time constant of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) separated perfectly from the stimulation.In this paper,an OSL dosimeter is described.It has linear dose response from 0.01 to 1000 Gy.The equipment,relatively simple and small in size is promising for applications in space exploration and for high dose irradiation and dangerous irradiation conditions.
基金Supported by National Laboratory Analog Integrated Circuit Foundation(No.9140C090402110C0906)
文摘Different channel lengths and layouts on 0.18μm NMOS transistors are designed for investigating the dependence of short channel effects(SCEs)on the width of shallow trench isolation(STI)devices and designing in radiation hardness.Results show that,prior to irradiation,the devices exhibited near–ideal I–V characteristics,with no significant SCEs.Following irradiation,no noticeable shift of threshold voltage is observed,radiation–induced edge–leakage current,however,exhibits significant sensitivity on TID.Moreover,radiation–enhanced drain induced barrier lowering(DIBL)and channel length modulation(CLM)effects are observed on short–channel NMOS transistors.Comparing to stripe–gate layout,enclosed–gate layout has excellent radiation tolerance.
文摘Radiation damage of NPN transistors under different fluxes with electron energy of 1.5 MeV was investigated in this article. It has been shown that when NPN transistors were irradiated to a given fluence at different electron fluxes, the shift of base current was dependent on flux. With electron flux decreasing, the shift of base current becomes larger, while collector current almost keeps constant. Thus, more degradation of NPN transistors could be caused by low-electron-flux irradiation, similar to enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) of transistors under 60Co γ-irradiation. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were discussed here.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11275262.
文摘We investigate the photoluminescence(PL)emission from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum-well structures before and after 1 MeV electron irradiation.The PL peak intensity exhibits a slight enhancement after low-dose electron irradiation(2×10^(13) e/cm^(2)),and then decreases with the cumulative electron dose.Meanwhile,the full width at half maximum of the PL spectrum narrows after low-dose electron irradiation and widens when the irradiation dose is relatively high.With respect to the yellow photoluminescence,there is no significant change until the electron fluence has accumulated up to 10^(14) e/cm^(2).
基金the support of the National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program (TC220H06N)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51832004,51972259,52127816)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2022CFA087)。
文摘In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy storage technologies,which show the potential in matching or even surpassing the current lithium metal batteries in terms of energy density,dendrite-free safety,and elimination of the dependence on the strained lithium and cobalt resources.However,the development of CIBs is still at the initial stage with unsatisfactory performance and several challenges have hindered them from reaching commercialization.In this review,we examine the current advances of CIBs by considering the electrode material design to the electrolyte,thus outlining the new opportunities of aqueous CIBs especially combined with desalination,chloride redox battery,etc.With respect to the developing road of lithium ion and fluoride ion batteries,the possibility of using solid-state chloride ion conductors to replace liquid electrolytes is tentatively discussed.Going beyond,perspectives and clear suggestions are concluded by highlighting the major obstacles and by prescribing specific research topics to inspire more efforts for CIBs in large-scale energy storage applications.
