The electrochemical behavior of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride(urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3))ionic liquids,and the effect of potential and temperature on the characterization of cathode prod...The electrochemical behavior of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride(urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3))ionic liquids,and the effect of potential and temperature on the characterization of cathode products,current efficiency and energy consumption of aluminum electrorefining have been investigated.Cyclic voltammetry showed that the electrochemical reduction of Al(Ⅲ)was a one-step three-electron-transfer irreversible reaction,and the electrochemical reaction was controlled by diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3)ionic liquids at 313 K was 1.94×10^(−7)cm^(2)/s.The 7075 aluminum alloy was used as an anode for electrorefining,and the cathode products were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EDS.The results from XRD analysis indicated that the main phase of the cathode products was aluminum.The results from SEM and EDS characterization revealed that the cathode product obtained by electrorefining−1.2 V(vs.Al)was dense and uniform,and the mass fraction of aluminum decreased from 99.61%to 99.10%as the experimental temperature increased from 313 K to 333 K.In this work,the optimum experimental conditions were−1.2 V(vs.Al)and 313 K.At this time,the cathode current efficiency was 97.80%,while the energy consumption was 3.72 kW·h/kg.展开更多
目的:研究竹叶椒果精油的主要组成成分,以及对小鼠体内抗氧化、抗疲劳和促进睡眠效果的影响。方法:采用GC-MS对竹叶椒果实精油进行成分分析;用提取的竹叶椒果实精油为材料,采用干热熏香法和加湿熏香法两种熏香方式三种剂量处理小鼠(低...目的:研究竹叶椒果精油的主要组成成分,以及对小鼠体内抗氧化、抗疲劳和促进睡眠效果的影响。方法:采用GC-MS对竹叶椒果实精油进行成分分析;用提取的竹叶椒果实精油为材料,采用干热熏香法和加湿熏香法两种熏香方式三种剂量处理小鼠(低、中、高剂量精油浓度:1.25、2.5、3.75 m L/m3)。结果:通过分析鉴定出25种物质,主要为烯类物质和醇类物质,其中主要成分有三种,分别为桉叶油醇(36.19%)、萜品烯(21.31%)和3-蒈烯(8.45%)。两种方式的三个剂量对小鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)均有提升作用,对丙二醛(MDA)含量有降低作用,和对照组相比,中、高剂量均达到显著性差异(p<0.05);抗疲劳试验中,竹叶椒果实精油两种处理方式对小负重游泳时间和爬杆时间均有增加作用,且中、高剂量效果显著(p<0.05);通过观测小鼠进食后2 h内的睡眠率发现,精油熏香处理可以增加小鼠睡眠率,且随着时间和剂量的增加效果更明显。从处理方式来看,在条件相同的情况下,加湿熏蒸法各方面效果都比干热熏蒸法好。结论:竹叶椒果实精油在抗氧化、抗疲劳和增进睡眠方面均有较好的效果,可作为一种新型资源进行深入开发。展开更多
基金Project(52004062)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2020-MS-084)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,ChinaProject(N2125014)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The electrochemical behavior of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride(urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3))ionic liquids,and the effect of potential and temperature on the characterization of cathode products,current efficiency and energy consumption of aluminum electrorefining have been investigated.Cyclic voltammetry showed that the electrochemical reduction of Al(Ⅲ)was a one-step three-electron-transfer irreversible reaction,and the electrochemical reaction was controlled by diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3)ionic liquids at 313 K was 1.94×10^(−7)cm^(2)/s.The 7075 aluminum alloy was used as an anode for electrorefining,and the cathode products were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EDS.The results from XRD analysis indicated that the main phase of the cathode products was aluminum.The results from SEM and EDS characterization revealed that the cathode product obtained by electrorefining−1.2 V(vs.Al)was dense and uniform,and the mass fraction of aluminum decreased from 99.61%to 99.10%as the experimental temperature increased from 313 K to 333 K.In this work,the optimum experimental conditions were−1.2 V(vs.Al)and 313 K.At this time,the cathode current efficiency was 97.80%,while the energy consumption was 3.72 kW·h/kg.
文摘目的调查河南省部分基层维持性血液透析患者骨及矿物质代谢现状。方法选取河南省13个区县级血液透析中心,共纳入932例患者,了解患者近3个月的钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)水平;以肾脏病预后质量倡议(kidney disease outcomes quality initiative,KDOQI)指南为标准,评估患者钙、磷、iPTH达标率并与国际透析预后与实践模式研究4(dialysis outcomes and practice patients study 4,DOPPS4)相比较;将患者以性别、年龄、透析龄、血管通路通畅情况、原发病、周透析总时长分组,比较不同分组间的达标率差异。结果参与调研的透析中心患者血钙水平为(2.23±0.25)mmol/L,血磷水平为(1.96±0.65)mmol/L,iPTH水平为362(165,647)pg/ml,3者检测率分别为38.4%、50.0%、49.4%;3者达标率分别为33.5%、29.6%、21.8%,综合达标率为3.9%;低钙、高磷、高iPTH现象较DOPPS4更为突出(29.0%比12.4%、χ^2=224.648,P<0.001;61.4%比34.2%、χ^2=303.262、,P<0.001;59.2%比35.4%,χ^2=308.165,P<0.001)。老年患者的磷及iPTH较低[(1.8±0.5)比(2.0±0.7)mmol/L,t=2.845,P=0.005;291.9(173.8,500.0)比439.9(200.0,701.0)pg/ml,Z=3.404,P=0.001)]、磷及iPTH达标率较高(42.0%比24.8%,χ^2=5.110,P=0.024;70.0%比48.1%,χ^2=6.986,P=0.008)、钙达标率较低(44.0%比65.9%,χ^2=7.182,P=0.007);通路功能不良的患者iPTH达标率更低(59.0%比34.3%,χ^2=6.943,P=0.008);糖尿病患者的i PTH水平更低[(318.6(79.0,593.0)比417.9(216.0,694.7)pg/ml,Z=2.246,P=0.025]、血磷达标率更高(39.7%比21.8%,χ^2=6.812,P=0.009);长透析龄的患者iPTH更高[510.2(181.3,869.6)比355.0(188.6,543.0)pg/ml,Z=3.130,P=0.003]、达标率较低(35.7%比62.6%,χ^2=11.206,P=0.001),周透析时长<10h的患者血磷水平更高[(2.1±0.7)比(1.9±0.6)mmol/L,t=2.004,P=0.047],血钙达标率更低(49.3%比63.2%,χ^2=7.875,P=0.005)。结论基层血液透析患者普遍存在钙磷检测率低、达标率低、药物应用不规范等现象,需进一步加强宣教。
文摘目的:研究竹叶椒果精油的主要组成成分,以及对小鼠体内抗氧化、抗疲劳和促进睡眠效果的影响。方法:采用GC-MS对竹叶椒果实精油进行成分分析;用提取的竹叶椒果实精油为材料,采用干热熏香法和加湿熏香法两种熏香方式三种剂量处理小鼠(低、中、高剂量精油浓度:1.25、2.5、3.75 m L/m3)。结果:通过分析鉴定出25种物质,主要为烯类物质和醇类物质,其中主要成分有三种,分别为桉叶油醇(36.19%)、萜品烯(21.31%)和3-蒈烯(8.45%)。两种方式的三个剂量对小鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)均有提升作用,对丙二醛(MDA)含量有降低作用,和对照组相比,中、高剂量均达到显著性差异(p<0.05);抗疲劳试验中,竹叶椒果实精油两种处理方式对小负重游泳时间和爬杆时间均有增加作用,且中、高剂量效果显著(p<0.05);通过观测小鼠进食后2 h内的睡眠率发现,精油熏香处理可以增加小鼠睡眠率,且随着时间和剂量的增加效果更明显。从处理方式来看,在条件相同的情况下,加湿熏蒸法各方面效果都比干热熏蒸法好。结论:竹叶椒果实精油在抗氧化、抗疲劳和增进睡眠方面均有较好的效果,可作为一种新型资源进行深入开发。
