Vulnerability and Conservation of Nearshore Cetaceans to Increasing Vessel Traffic:The Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin in the South China Sea

A comprehensive risk assessment to evaluate the vulnerability of the nearshore cetaceans to increasing marine traffic is lacking.In this study,the risk to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in the main habitats in China was assessed based on a semiquantitative spatial vulnerability analysis.85%of the(sub)population which overlapped with the lanes of ferries and/or cargo vessels,with exposure scores of 1.23±0.31(calculated based on the proportion of sea routes that overlap the dolphin’s range).A combination of high exposure to the sea routes and sensitivity to marine traffic would render the(sub)populations to be highly vulnerable(EPRE:5.21 and XM:4.47).A low frequency of vessels and an awareness of the ecology assures a low vulnerability(SH:2.43,EZ:2.73).Uncertainty scores were commonly lower for the higher vulnerable populations,and higher for the lower vulnerable populations,suggesting additional field data and more monitoring are necessary.Six years of field data have been used to analyze the influences of various types of marine traffic on humpback dolphin behavior.Fishing and non-fishing vessels were significantly different(χ^(2)=65.19,p<0.01).The humpback dolphins were attracted by fishing vessels(83.1%)but avoided non-fishing vessels(95.2%).We recommend a management with seasonal and geographical constraints,to balance economic development and environmental conservation.

海洋双酚类化合物的来源、分布及毒性机制研究进展

双酚类化合物(BPs)作为一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物,可通过大气远距离传输、降雨和地表径流等途径进入海洋环境。目前,BPs已普遍存在于海洋水体、沉积物和海洋生物中,并沿着食物链由低营养级向高营养级传递,呈生物放大效应。全球范围内BPs的持续生产和应用将对海洋生物的生长、生存和繁殖产生严重的影响。本文概述了海洋环境中BPs的来源,综述了海洋BPs的分布特征,分析了BPs对生物的毒性效应及其致毒机制,并展望了海洋BPs环境效应的研究方向,以期为科学评估海洋BPs的生态风险及有害效应提供重要参考。