流固耦合力学专题序

流固耦合力学是流体力学与固体力学交叉而成的力学分支,以两相介质之间的相互作用为重要特征,研究可变形固体在流场作用下的行为及固体变形对流场影响的相互作用.流固耦合现象存在于海洋工程、航空航天、石油化工、核能工程、土木工程等几乎所有涉及国计民生的重大领域中,并会诱发结构静发散、载荷重新分布、颤振、极限环振荡及涡激振动等诸多工程问题.

生物炭施加对毛竹林不同深度土壤养分含量、重金属及微生物生物量的影响

生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂,不仅在减缓温室气体排放和应对气候变化方面发挥着重要作用,而且对改善农田生态系统质量也具有积极影响。本研究以毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林为研究对象,探讨不同生物炭施加量(0、5和10 t·hm^(-2))对表层(0~20 cm)和深层(20~40 cm)土壤理化性质、重金属含量和微生物生物量的影响。研究发现:与对照(0 t·hm^(-2))相比,生物炭施加显著提升了表层和深层土壤的pH值(1.3%~12.2%)、有机碳(8.8%~51.5%)、总磷含量(14.2%~31.5%)和深层土壤的含水率(4.2%~13.3%),并且这种积极效应随着生物炭施加水平增加而增加(P<0.05)。高生物炭施加显著降低了表层土和深层土壤的有效态铅(28.6%、51.1%)、镉(11.1%、7.2%)和铜(10.9%、12.2%)的含量,但显著增加了土壤微生物量碳和氮及纤维素酶活性(P<0.05)。在生物炭施加处理下,表层土的pH值、总磷、有效态铅含量、微生物量碳和氮显著高于深层土,而总氮、有效氮、含水率和有效态镉含量则呈现相反的趋势(P<0.05)。相关性分析揭示了土壤微生物生物量与土壤pH、总磷和有效镉含量存在显著的相关性(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,生物炭施加不仅可以缓解土壤酸化,减缓镉污染,还能提高微生物生物量,从而提升土壤质量。因此,从土壤质量角度出发,生物炭施加可以被视作一种有效的竹林土壤改良措施,对于推动毛竹林的可持续发展具有重要的实践价值。

波纹壁对高超声速平板边界层稳定性的影响

高超声速边界层转捩会使飞行器表面热流和摩阻增加3~5倍,极大影响高超声速飞行器的性能.波纹壁作为一种可能的推迟边界层转捩的被动控制方法,具有较强的工程应用前景.文章研究了不同高度和安装位置的波纹壁对来流马赫数6.5的平板边界层稳定性的影响.采用直接数值模拟(DNS)得到层流场,并在上游分别引入不同频率的吹吸扰动以研究波纹壁对扰动演化的作用.对于不同位置的波纹壁,探究了其与同步点相对位置对其作用效果的影响,与相同工况下光滑平板的扰动演化结果进行了对比,发现当快慢模态同步点位于波纹壁上游时,波纹壁会对该频率的第二模态扰动起到抑制作用.当同步点位于波纹壁之中或者下游时,波纹壁对扰动的作用可能因为存在两种不同的机制而使得结果较为复杂.对于不同高度波纹壁,发现高度较低的波纹壁,其作用效果强弱与波纹壁高度成正相关,而更高的波纹壁则会减弱其作用效果.与DNS结果相比,线性稳定性理论可以定性预测波纹壁对高频吹吸扰动的作用,但在波纹壁附近的强非平行性区域误差较大.

A test of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy framework in two types of tropical rainforests under nutrient enrichments

Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), and tested it using nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests. We selected two tropical rainforests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) and ectomycorrhizal(ECM) trees, and established eighteen20 m×20 m plots in each rainforest. Six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) addition treatments were randomly distributed in each rainforest with three replicates. We examined the differences in soil carbon(C) and nutrient cycling, plant and litter productivity between the two rainforests and their responses to 10-year inorganic N and P additions. We also quantified the P pools of plants, roots, litter, soil and microbes in the two rainforests. Overall,distinct MANE frameworks were applicable for tropical rainforests, in which soil C, N and P were cycled primarily in an inorganic form in the AM-dominated rainforest, whereas they were cycled in an organic form in the ECMdominated rainforest. Notably, the effects of mycorrhizal types on soil P cycling were stronger than those on C and N cycling. The intensified N and P deposition benefited the growth of AM-dominated rainforests instead of ECMdominated rainforests. Our findings underpin the key role of mycorrhizal types in regulating biogeochemical processes, and have important implications for predicting the ecological consequences of global changes.

杭州市森林生态服务功能实物量与价值量评估研究

以杭州2019年森林资源动态监测数据为研究基础,选取森林调节功能、支持功能和文化功能3大森林生态服务功能类型,8项森林生态服务功能的12个实物量指标和13个价值量指标,对杭州森林生态服务功能实物量和价值量进行估算,研究结果显示森林的生态服务能力,有助于为杭州市高质量发展森林资源明晰方向,更加重视生态建设。

四川水稻不同生育期干旱与产量灰色关联分析

为克服灾情资料收集不足和不同生育期旱情影响分离困难,本文利用1981—2015年四川省气象站逐日气象观测资料、农业气象观测站水稻生育期资料和各县水稻产量资料,以改进的水分盈亏指数为干旱指标,采用灰色关联分析法,探究四川水稻各生育期干旱与产量的关系。结果表明:四川水稻各生育期干旱频率从高到低依次为移栽—分蘖期、分蘖—拔节期、孕穗—抽穗期、抽穗—成熟期、拔节—孕穗期。各生育期水稻干旱频率同水分盈亏指数与产量灰色关联度的空间一致性较低,干旱高频区出现在盆地中部或东北部,而关联度较高区域则位于盆周、攀西等山区。伴随着水稻生长发育进程,干旱对水稻产量的影响逐渐减弱,移栽—分蘖期和分蘖—拔节期干旱对水稻产量影响最明显。不同稻作区各县干旱对水稻产量影响最大的生育期不同,各地区应根据水稻各生育期干旱影响特点加强水稻干旱防御。其中,成都平原、盆中丘陵稻作区应重点关注分蘖—拔节期水稻干旱防御,而其他5个稻作区应重点关注移栽—分蘖期水稻干旱防御。

三黄固本汤对激素干预下SLE小鼠骨密度、骨矿含量及脂代谢的影响

目的:观察三黄固本汤对激素干预下系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)小鼠骨密度、骨矿含量及脂代谢的影响,进一步研究探索其防治激素性股骨头坏死的实验室微观证据。方法:选择8~10周的雌性MRL/lpr小鼠30只,按照随机数字表分为三组,即模型组、对照组(泼尼松组)、治疗组(泼尼松+中药组),每组各10只。其中治疗组和对照组先以泼尼松饲养7 d,待其进入SLE慢性缓解期后,治疗组再加入中药进行干预,8周后用小动物双能X线骨密度仪对各组小鼠治疗后骨密度及骨矿含量进行测定。同时针对脂肪代谢相关指标对各组小鼠治疗前后进行测定比较。结果:基于骨密度、骨矿含量、TG、CH、HCL的测定,对照组与模型组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);治疗组治疗后与模型组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组与治疗组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三黄固本汤可以防止使用激素干预治疗下的SLE小鼠骨密度及骨矿含量出现减少,并且可调节脂代谢相关指标,其防治股骨头坏死的作用机制有可能是通过此靶点而实现的。

旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性区划研究

利用旺苍县50个地面气象站的逐日观测资料,结合旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性需求,选取年降水量、年平均气温、年日照时数和年≥10℃积温作为气候适宜性区划指标,建立气候因子空间模型,运用GIS技术开展旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性区划研究。结果表明:旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性可划分为3类,即最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区;最适宜区主要分布在旺苍县北部低海拔的高山河谷区,气象条件完全满足核桃种植所需,最适宜核桃种植;适宜区主要分布在旺苍县海拔较高区域,此区域水分条件与日照适宜核桃生长,但热量条件不适宜核桃种植;不适宜区主要集中在旺苍县中部一线及北部高海拔地区,这些区域水分条件和日照同样适宜核桃生长,但热量条件完全不利于核桃种植。

明线会车、隧道会车及过隧道时的高速列车动力响应

明线会车、隧道会车和过隧道工况下的气动压力波对高速列车的动力响应和运行安全产生很大影响,本文建立了三辆编组的高速列车动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到了列车在三种工况下的车体所受的气动力,基于数值积分分析了列车的动力响应和脱轨系数。研究发现:明线会车和隧道会车工况相比,车辆的侧向运动相反。明线会车和过隧道时,气动载荷对列车的脱轨系数影响较小,而隧道会车时,气动载荷作用对尾车的安全性影响较大。

Hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru alloy during isothermal compression

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator over deformation temperature range of 1023-1423 K and strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1.Arrhenius-type constitutive models were developed for temperature ranges of bothα+βdual phase andβsingle phase at strain of 0.1.Afterwards,a series of material constants(including activation energy Q,material constants n,αand ln A)as polynomial functions of strain were introduced into Arrhenius-type models.Finally,the improved Arrhenius-type models in temperature field ofα+βandβphase were constructed.The results show that the improved Arrhenius-type models contribute to the calculation of Zener-Hollomon(Z)parameter,and the microstructural evolution mechanism is uncovered by combining microstructure observations with Z-parameter.Furthermore,the improved Arrhenius-type models are also helpful to improve the accuracy of finite element method(FEM)simulation in the deformation process of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy.

Self-synchronization theory of dual motor driven vibration system with two-stage vibration isolation frame

This paper studies self-synchronization and stability of a dual-motor driven vibration system with a two-stage vibration isolation frame. Oscillation amplitude of the material box large enough can be ensured on the vibration system in order to screen materials. Reduction of the dynamic load transmitted to the foundation can also be achieved for the vibration system. A Lagrange equation is used to set up the motion differential equations of the system, and a dimensionless coupled equation of the eccentric rotors is obtained using a method of modified average small parameter. According to the existence condition of zero solution in the dimensionless coupled equation of the eccentric rotors, the precondition for commencing self-synchronization motion is achieved.The stability condition of self-synchronization is obtained based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulations and experiments.

Analytical solutions for elastic binary nanotubes of arbitrary chirality

Analytical solutions for the elastic properties of a variety of binary nanotubes with arbitrary chirality are obtained through the study of systematic molecular mechanics. This molecular mechanics model is first extended to chiral binary nanotubes by introducing an additional out-of-plane inversion term into the so-called stick-spiral model, which results from the polar bonds and the buckling of binary graphitic crystals. The closed-form expressions for the longitudinal and circumferential Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of chiral binary nanotubes are derived as functions of the tube diameter. The obtained inversion force constants are negative for all types of binary nanotubes, and the predicted tube stiffness is lower than that by the former stick-spiral model without consideration of the inversion term, reflecting the softening effect of the buckling on the elastic properties of binary nanotubes. The obtained properties are shown to be comparable to available density functional theory calculated results and to be chirality and size sensitive. The developed model and explicit solutions provide a systematic understanding of the mechanical performance of binary nanotubes consisting of III-V and II-VI group elements.

Electroacupuncture in perioperative anesthesia and analgesia management:a non-invasive adjuvant treatment

Anesthesia is mainly a kind of reversible functional inhibition of the central nervous system and(or)peripheral nervous system through drugs or other methods.In modern clinical medicine,modern anesthesiology is a comprehensive subject,which mainly includes clinical anesthesia,pain diagnosis and treatment,intensive care treatment,first aid and resuscitation,etc.Electroacupuncture is developed based on acupuncture therapy which is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.It uses the comprehensive efficacy of acupuncture and electrical stimulation to deliver electrical energy through acupoints to achieve therapeutic effects.It has been widely used in recent years in clinical.This article summarizes the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture and its application in different anesthesia methods,so that clinicians have a deeper understanding of the clinical application of electroacupuncture and promote its clinical application.

Separation-and-Recovery Technology for Organic Waste Liquid with a High Concentration of Inorganic Particles

The environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization of organic waste liquid is one of the frontiers of environmental engineering. With the increasing demand for chemicals, the problem of organic waste liq- uid with a high concentration of inorganic pollutants in the processing of petroleum, coal, and natural gas is becoming more serious. In this study, the high-speed self-rotation and flipping of particles in a three- dimensional cyclonic turbulent field was examined using a synchronous high-speed camera technique; the self-rotation speed was found to reach 2000-6000 rad.s 1. Based on these findings, a cyclonic gas- stripping method for the removal of organic matter from the pores of particles was invented. A techno- logical process was developed to recover organic matter from waste liquid by cyclonic gas stripping and classifying inorganic particles by means of airflow acceleration classification. A demonstration device was built in Sinopec＇s first ebullated-bed hydro-treatment unit for residual oil. Compared with the T-STAR fixed-bed gas-stripping technology designed in the United States, the maximum liquid-removal effi- ciency of the catalyst particles in this new process is 44.9% greater at the same temperature, and the time required to realize 95% liquid-removal efficiency is decreased from 1956.5 to 8.4 s. In addition, we achieved the classification and reuse of the catalyst particles contained in waste liquid according to their activity. A proposal to use this new technology was put forward regarding the control of organic waste liquid and the classification recovery of inorganic particles in an ebullated-bed hydro-treatment process for residual oil with a processing capacity of 2×106 t.a^1. It is estimated that the use of this new tech- nology will lead to the recovery of 3100 t.a 1 of diesel fuel and 647 t.a^1 of high-activity catalyst; in addi- tion, it will reduce the consumption of fresh catalyst by 518 t.a^1. The direct economic benefits of this process will be as high as 37.28 million CNY per year.

导弹模型直气复合气动特性研究

为实现导弹快速机动转弯或精确制导打击的目的,提出了采用直接力/气动力复合控制的技术方法。选取某典型布局导弹外形,针对直接力/气动力复合控制的耦合干扰问题,尤其是导弹机动过程中的直接力/气动力干扰问题,综合采用风洞测力试验和非定常数值计算及直接力/气动力操纵响应的风洞验证试验手段,研究了直接力喷流的静态干扰影响特性、俯仰拉起过程的喷流干扰动态效应以及直接力/气动力复合控制作用下的飞行响应特性。结果表明:位于导弹后体的直接力喷流产生了有利的气动干扰,俯仰运动过程中的非定常流动对喷口上游分离区范围影响较大,出现气动迟滞特性,且随角速率增加而增强;俯仰大迎角下力矩放大因子受俯仰运动影响更为明显,出现偏离静态的不利结果;直接力/气动力复合控制可以提高导弹的拉起速度,实现快速转弯和姿态的精确控制。

Flow-Induced Vibration Fatigue Damage of A Pair of Flexible Cylinders in A Staggered Array

Flow-induced vibration(FIV)of a group of long,flexible cylinders involves a complex interaction between fluid and structures.Although a substantial number of studies have been devoted to assessing FIV response behaviours,fatigue damage features of staggered flexible cylinders are not fully understood.Moreover,the wake-induced flutter constitutes an intricate hydrodynamic behaviour that frequently occurs when one cylinder is in the vicinity of another one.Unfortunately,existing studies on the fatigue damage caused by wake-induced flutter are incapable of achieving better results.This paper,therefore,estimates the FIV fatigue damage of two staggered flexible cylinders with an aspect ratio of 350 and a mass ratio of 1.90 based on normal S−N curves according to Det Norske Veritas(DNV)regulations.Twelve staggered cases(cross-flow spacing ratios of 2.0,3.0,4.0,and 6.0 and in-line spacing ratios of 4.0,6.0,and 8.0)are discussed for comparison,and fatigue damage caused by wake-induced flutter is thoroughly considered.Fatigue damage results indicate that the variation of the cross-flow(CF)spacing ratio has a greater influence than that of the in-line(IL)spacing ratio on the CF fatigue damage of the upstream cylinder.Lower IL fatigue damages of the upstream cylinder are observed when reduced velocity V_(r)≥15.03 due to the wake flow patterns with different IL spacing ratios.Moreover,wake interference,especially wake-induced flutter,predominates the fatigue damage characteristics of the downstream cylinder.When V_(r)=8.77−11.27,wake-induced flutter enhances the IL fatigue damage of the downstream cylinder and slightly affects that of the upstream body.Furthermore,wake-induced flutter causes considerable IL fatigue damage disparity between the two staggered cylinders by suppressing the IL fatigue damage of the upstream cylinder when V_(r)≥20.04.

博物馆创新青少年社会教育的思考——以“西湖四季”系列实践课程项目为例

研究文物资源特点,利用博物馆优势、转化博物馆资源、创新表达理念、开展特色青少年教育活动和课程正是当前的重要命题。杭州西湖博物馆总馆作为研究、解读、传播、弘扬、传承西湖文化的载体,其“西湖四季”系列实践课程作为创新的社会教育项目,把讲好西湖故事,传播西湖文化作为根本目的,其课程设计所体现出的创新性,能为类似的博物馆社会教育实践课程提供参考。

高超声速有攻角锥裙直接数值模拟

采用直接数值模拟方法对有攻角的高超声速7°~34°锥裙开展了数值研究,通过对比0°、90°、180°周向子午面,评估了三维横流效应对激波/边界层干扰的影响规律和作用机制,包括壁面压力、摩阻、热流分布,分离泡非定常运动,再附边界层演化等。研究发现,不同周向站位均出现流动分离,横流区、迎风区内复杂激波结构与边界层相互作用导致壁面压力、摩阻、热流显著升高。热流与压力的比值在干扰区上升后由于再附降低,而热流与摩阻的雷诺比拟关系在分离区则完全失效。分离泡面积脉动的功率谱结果表明,分离泡非定常膨胀/收缩运动呈低频特征,且分离泡呼吸与激波低频振荡在横流区密切相关,在迎风区存在迟滞,而在背风区不相关。速度脉动场的本征正交分解结果表明,分离区的低频特征与低阶模态相应的剪切层附近大尺度结构相关。对下游再附边界层演化分析指出,攻角的存在导致雷诺应力在再附点附近大幅增强,其流向分量的恢复最为迅速,雷诺应力分量的峰值位置在背风区沿流向持续外移,而在迎风区、横流区已迅速向内层恢复。此外,雷诺应力各向异性不变量分布进一步表明干扰下游的近壁区湍流各向异性峰值在背风区弱于迎风区。

Conjugate ferrocene polymer derived magnetic Fe/C nanocomposites for electromagnetic absorption application

Coordination bonds are relatively unstable compared to covalent bonds,and common carbon-based absorbing material precursors are bonded in the form of coordination bonds.In this work,we have introduced ferrocene units into conjugated microporous polymers(CMP)in one step by Suzuki reaction.By adjusting the proportion of ferrocene units,a series of magnetic Fe-C nanocomposites(Fe-P-XC)derived from conjugated ferrocene polymers without heteroatom doping(N,S,P,etc.)were formed.The Fe-P-2C composite has good absorption properties with minimum reflection loss at 4.4 GHz(-58.66 dB)and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.28 GHz at 2.4 mm(11.72-18 GHz).Compared with the precursor materials formed by coordination bonds,the present work reveals the electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of carbon-based materials without heteroatom doping through a simple and effective strategy.

分子基导电聚合物吸波材料:进展与未来挑战

随着科技的发展,电磁辐射泄漏引起的电磁污染问题日趋严峻.电磁污染不仅会影响电子设备的功能,而且会对人体健康产生不良的影响.为解决这一问题,研发具有各种新颖结构的电磁波吸收材料具有重要的意义.分子基导电吸波材料因其独特的物理化学特性展现出良好的吸波潜能,吸引了研究者的广泛兴趣.本文综述了近年来有关分子基导电吸波材料的相关研究成果.首先,介绍了分子基导电吸波材料的吸波原理.然后,聚焦分子基导电吸波材料中的三大类材料,即导电高分子聚合物、导电共轭聚合物和导电金属-有机配合物吸波材料,讨论了其结构设计调控策略和吸波损耗机制.此外,本文还介绍了典型的制备分子基导电吸波材料的方法.最后,结合面向前沿的吸波材料的需求,指出了分子基导电吸波材料未来研究亟待解决的挑战.