General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity regulation.They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function.In this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

Effect of concentration of cadmium sulfate solution on structural,optical and electric properties of Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S thin films

Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition(CBD)on the glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film.The SEM results show that the thin film surfaces under the cadmium sulfate concentration of 0.005 M exhibit better compactness and uniformity.The distribution diagrams of thin film elements illustrate the film growth rate changes on the trend of the increase,decrease,and increase with the increase of cadmium sulfate concentration.XRD studies exhibit the crystal structure of the film is the hexagonal phase,and there are obvious diffraction peaks and better crystallinity when the concentration is 0.005 M.Spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the relationship between zinc content x and optical band gap value E_(g) can be expressed by the equation E_(g)(x)=0.59x^(2)+0.69x+2.43.Increasing the zinc content can increase the optical band gap,and the absorbance of the thin film can be improved by decreasing the cadmium sulfate concentration,however,all of them have good transmittance.At a concentration of 0.005 M,the thin film has good absorbance in the 300-800 nm range,80%transmittance,and band gap value of 3.24 eV,which is suitable for use as a buffer layer for solar cells.

Three-dimensional ordered hierarchically porous carbon materials for high performance Li-Se battery

Developing host materials with high specific surface area, good electron conductivity, and fast ion transportation channel is critical for high performance lithium-selenium(Li-Se) batteries. Herein, a series of three dimensional ordered hierarchically porous carbon(3D OHPC) materials with micro/meso/macropores are designed and synthesized for Li-Se battery. The porous structure is tuned by following the concept of the generalized Murray’s law to facilitate the mass diffusion and reduce ion transport resistance.The optimized 3D Se/OHPC cathode exhibits a very high 2 nd discharge capacity of 651 m Ah/g and retains 361 m Ah/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Even at a high current rate of 5 C, the battery still shows a discharge capacity as high as 155 m Ah/g. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergy effect of the interconnected and well-designed micro, meso and macroporosity while shortened ions diffusion pathways of such Murray materials accelerate its ionic and electronic conductivities leading to the enhanced electrochemical reaction. The diffusivity coefficient in Se/OHPC can reach a very high value of 1.3 × 10^(-11)cm^(2)/s, much higher than those in single pore size carbon hosts. Their effective volume expansion accommodation capability and reduced dissolution of polyselenides ensure the high stability of the battery. This work, for the first time, established the clear relationship between textural properties of cathode materials and their performance and demonstrates that the concept of the generalized Murray’s law can be used as efficient guidance for the rational design and synthesis of advanced hierarchically porous materials and the great potential of 3D OHPC materials as a practical high performance cathode material for Li-Se batteries.

Genomewide association study of Aegilops tauschii traits under seedling-stage cadmium stress

Aegilops tauschii Ais a wild relative of common wheat(Triticum aestivum) and acts as an important resource of elite genes including genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To improve the cadmium(Cd) tolerance of wheat varieties using A. tauschii resources, we investigated the genetic variation of biomass-based Cd tolerance in 235 A. tauschii accessions treated with 0(control) and100 μmol L-1CdC l2(as Cd stress). Simultaneously, we performed a genomewide association study(GWAS) using a single-nucleotide polymorphism chip containing 7185 markers. Six markers were found to be significantly associated with Cd tolerance by a general linear model and a mixed linear model. These markers were close to several candidate/flanking genes associated with Cd tolerance according to results in public databases, including pdil5-1, Acc-1, DME-5A,TaA P2-D, TaA P2-B, Vrn-B1, and FtsH-like protein gene. The A. tauschii accessions were classified as high, moderate, and low Cd-tolerant according to a secondary index, the synthetic index(SI), in proportions of 9%, 57%, and 34%, respectively. By the average SI, accessions from Afghanistan,Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Iran showed relatively high Cd tolerance.

Prolonged prothrombin time at admission predicts poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients

BACKGROUND Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.The prognostic value of coagulation disorder in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients should be demonstrated.AIM To investigate the abnormalities of coagulation parameters in the patients with COVID-19 and their prognostic values.METHODS Consecutive patients admitted in the isolation ward of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31 to February 5,2020 with confirmed COVID-19 were included.The primary outcomes were death and survival as of March 11.Demographics,vital signs,comorbidities and laboratory tests were collected and compared between those who died and survivors.Logistic regression analysis for prognostic factors was performed.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the estimated survival rate between patients with prolonged prothrombin time and normal prothrombin time.RESULTS The total number of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were enrolled was 213.The median age was 62 years,and 95 patients(44.6%)were men.Fifty-one patients were critical(23.9%),79 patients were severe(37.1%)and 83 patients were moderate(39%).As of March 11,2020,99 patients were discharged(46.5%),79 patients(37.1%)stayed in the hospital and 35 patients(16.2%)died.Median time to death was 6(4-8)d,while median hospital stay was 32(22-36)d in survivors(P<0.001).More men(P=0.002)and elderly patients(P<0.001)were found in the group of those who died.The respiration rate at admission was higher in the group of those who died(P<0.001).The incidences of hypertension(P=0.028),cerebrovascular disease(P<0.001),chronic kidney disease(P=0.02)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(P<0.001)were higher in the group of those who died.Platelet count was decreased in the group of those who died(P=0.002)whereas prothrombin time(P<0.001),activated partial thromboplastin time(P=0.033),concentration of D-dimer(P<0.001)and fibrin degradation products(P<0.001)were increased in the group of those who died.Prothrombin time[odds ratio(OR):2.19,P=0.004],respiration rate(OR:1.223,P<0.001),age(OR:1.074,P<0.001)and fibrin degradation products concentration(OR:1.02,P=0.014)were predictors of death.The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with prolonge CONCLUSION Prothrombin time,concentration of fibrin degradation products,respiration rate and age were predictive factors for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Analysis on the Strategy of Precise Poverty Alleviation under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,clearly pointed out that it is necessary to persist in the development of rural agriculture,and put forward the general requirements.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between the Price of Maize and Wheat

In recent years,the constant increase in the purchase price of maize has caused maize to squeeze wheat planting area,affecting the wheat supply and price in the market,and posing a threat to the safety of wheat rations. In order to further study the price fluctuations between maize and wheat,based on the quarterly data of the 2007-2017 maize and wheat production price index,this paper established a VAR model and found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the price of maize and wheat,and maize price fluctuation was the Granger cause of wheat price fluctuation,wheat price fluctuation was not the Granger cause of maize price fluctuation. Based on the above conclusions,it came up with recommendations for the optimization of grain planting structure,and protection of food security is of great significance.

Recent research of peptide-based hydrogel in nervous regeneration

Neurological disorders exert significantly affect the quality of life for patients,necessitating effective strategies for nerve regeneration.Both traditional autologous nerve transplantation and emerging therapeutic approaches encounter scientific challenges due to the complex nature of the nervous system and the unsuitability of the surrounding environment for cell transplantation.Tissue engineering techniques offer a promising path for neurotherapy.Successful neural tissue engineering relies on modulating cell differentiation behavior and tissue repair by developing biomaterials that mimic the natural extracellular matrix(ECM)and establish a threedimensional microenvironment.Peptide-based hydrogels have emerged as a potent option among these biomaterials due to their ability to replicate the structure and complexity of the ECM.This review aims to explore the diverse range of peptide-based hydrogels used in nerve regeneration with a specific focus on dipeptide hydrogels,tripeptide hydrogels,oligopeptide hydrogels,multidomain peptides(MDPs),and amphiphilic peptide hydrogels(PAs).Peptide-based hydrogels offer numerous advantages,including biocompatibility,structural diversity,adjustable mechanical properties,and degradation without adverse effects.Notably,hydrogels formed from self-assembled polypeptide nanofibers,derived from amino acids,show promising potential in engineering neural tissues,outperforming conventional materials like alginate,poly(ε-caprolactone),and polyaniline.Additionally,the simple design and cost-effectiveness of dipeptidebased hydrogels have enabled the creation of various functional supramolecular structures,with significant implications for nervous system regeneration.These hydrogels are expected to play a crucial role in future neural tissue engineering research.This review aims to highlight the benefits and potential applications of peptidebased hydrogels,contributing to the advancement of neural tissue engineering.

Embedding tin disulfide nanoparticles in twodimensional porous carbon nanosheet interlayers for fast-charging lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant attention for their high specific capacity,non-toxic and harmless advantages.However,the shuttle effect limits their development.In this work,small-sized tin disulfide(SnS_(2))nanoparticles are embedded between interlayers of twodimensional porous carbon nanosheets(PCNs),forming a multi-functional nanocomposite(PCN-SnS_(2))as a cathode carrier for Li-S batteries.The graphitized carbon nanosheets improve the overall conductivity of the electrode,and the abundant pores not only facilitate ion transfer and electrolyte permeation,but also buffer the volume change during the charge and discharge process to ensure the integrity of the electrode material.More importantly,the physical confinement of PCN,as well as the strong chemical adsorption and catalytic reaction of small SnS_(2)nanoparticles,synergistically reduce the shuttle effect of polysulfides.The interaction between a porous layered structure and physical-chemical confinement gives the PCN-SnS_(2)-S electrode high electrochemical performance.Even at a high rate of 2 C,a discharge capacity of 650 mA h g^(-1)is maintained after 150 cycles,underscoring the positive results of SnS_(2)-based materials for Li-S batteries.The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique results further confirm that the PCN-SnS_(2)-S electrode has a high Li+transmission rate,which reduces the activation barrier and improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics.This work provides strong evidence that reducing the size of SnS_(2)nanostructures is beneficial for capturing and reacting with polysulfides to alleviate their shuttle effect in Li-S batteries.

Photo-triggered nucleus targeting for cancer drug delivery

Here,we report a strategy to deliver drug nanoparticles into cells with nucleus-targeting ability under a spatiotemporal control.The nanoparticles were constructed through self-assembly of photoresponsive prodrugs and free drugs.By incorporating a nucleus localization sequence in the system,drug nanoparticles could be delivered into nuclei upon visible light irradiation.The drug nanoparticles showed high drug loading capacity and specific nucleus-targeting ability,which efficiently killed cancer cells.This self-assembly strategy could be applied to other hydrophobic drugs and targeting ligands for photo-controlled organelle-targeted drug delivery.

Vanadium oxide cathode with synergistic engineering of calcium-ion intercalation and polyaniline coating for high performance zinc-ion batteries

Vanadium oxides as cathode for zinc-ion batteries have attracted much attention because of their high theoretical capacity,flexible layered structure and abundant resources.However,cathodes are susceptible to the collapse of their layered structure and the dissolution of vanadium after repeated long cycles,which worsen their capacities and cycling stabilities.Herein,a synergistic engineering of calcium-ion intercalation and polyaniline coating was developed to achieve the superior electrochemical performance of vanadium pentoxide for zinc-ion batteries.The pre-intercalation of calcium-ion between vanadium pentoxide layers as pillars increase the crystal structure’s stability,while the polyaniline coating on the cathodes improves the conductivity and inhibits the dissolution of vanadium.This synergistic engineering enables that the battery system based-on the polyaniline coated calcium vanadate cathode to deliver a high capacity of 406.4 mAh·g^(−1)at 1 A·g^(−1),an ultralong cycle life over 6000 cycles at 10 A·g^(−1)with 93%capacity retention and high-rate capability.The vanadium oxide cathode with synergistic engineering of calcium-ion intercalation and polyaniline coating was verified to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of zinc-ion batteries.