This review article explores the fundamental principles of modern endodontics with a focus on root canal cleaning and shaping.It reviews commonly used endodontic irrigant,namely sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl),herbal extra...This review article explores the fundamental principles of modern endodontics with a focus on root canal cleaning and shaping.It reviews commonly used endodontic irrigant,namely sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl),herbal extracts,chlorhexidine(CHX),and chelating agents,highlighting their properties,applications,and potential drawbacks.NaOCl,a key antimicrobial agent,demonstrates effectiveness against various microorganisms but poses challenges such as high cytotoxicity.Herbal extracts,gaining recognition in endodontics,present an alternative with potential advantages in preserving dentin integrity.CHX,known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,is discussed in both liquid and gel formulations,emphasizing its role in reducing smear layer formation and preserving hybrid layer durability.Chelating agents,specifically ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid,play a vital role in removing the smear layer,enhancing dentin permeability,and facilitating the penetration of antimicrobial agents.The review article underscores the importance of careful application and consideration of each irrigant's properties to ensure safe and effective endodontic procedures.It serves as a valuable guide for clinicians in selecting appropriate irrigants based on specific treatment requirements.展开更多
BACKGROUND The oral cavity harbors more than 700 species of bacteria,which play crucial roles in the development of various oral diseases including caries,endodontic infection,periodontal infection,and diverse oral di...BACKGROUND The oral cavity harbors more than 700 species of bacteria,which play crucial roles in the development of various oral diseases including caries,endodontic infection,periodontal infection,and diverse oral diseases.AIM To investigate the antimicrobial action of Cymbopogon Schoenanthus and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils against Streptococcus mutans,Staphylococcus aureus,Candida albicans,Ca.dubliniensis,and Ca.krusei.METHODS Minimum microbicidal concentration was determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute documents.The synergistic antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Broth microdilution checkerboard method,and the antibiofilm activity was evaluated with the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post-hoc test(P≤0.05).RESULTS C.schoenanthus and P.graveolens essential oils were as effective as 0.12%chlorhexidine against S.mutans and St.aureus monotypic biofilms after 24 h.After 24 h P.graveolens essential oil at 0.25%was more effective than the nystatin group,and C.schoenanthus essential oil at 0.25%was as effective as the nystatin group.CONCLUSION C.schoenanthus and P.graveolens essential oils are effective against S.mutans,St.aureus,Ca.albicans,Ca.dubliniensis,and Ca.krusei at different concentrations after 5 min and 24 h.展开更多
文摘This review article explores the fundamental principles of modern endodontics with a focus on root canal cleaning and shaping.It reviews commonly used endodontic irrigant,namely sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl),herbal extracts,chlorhexidine(CHX),and chelating agents,highlighting their properties,applications,and potential drawbacks.NaOCl,a key antimicrobial agent,demonstrates effectiveness against various microorganisms but poses challenges such as high cytotoxicity.Herbal extracts,gaining recognition in endodontics,present an alternative with potential advantages in preserving dentin integrity.CHX,known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,is discussed in both liquid and gel formulations,emphasizing its role in reducing smear layer formation and preserving hybrid layer durability.Chelating agents,specifically ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid,play a vital role in removing the smear layer,enhancing dentin permeability,and facilitating the penetration of antimicrobial agents.The review article underscores the importance of careful application and consideration of each irrigant's properties to ensure safe and effective endodontic procedures.It serves as a valuable guide for clinicians in selecting appropriate irrigants based on specific treatment requirements.
文摘BACKGROUND The oral cavity harbors more than 700 species of bacteria,which play crucial roles in the development of various oral diseases including caries,endodontic infection,periodontal infection,and diverse oral diseases.AIM To investigate the antimicrobial action of Cymbopogon Schoenanthus and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils against Streptococcus mutans,Staphylococcus aureus,Candida albicans,Ca.dubliniensis,and Ca.krusei.METHODS Minimum microbicidal concentration was determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute documents.The synergistic antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Broth microdilution checkerboard method,and the antibiofilm activity was evaluated with the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post-hoc test(P≤0.05).RESULTS C.schoenanthus and P.graveolens essential oils were as effective as 0.12%chlorhexidine against S.mutans and St.aureus monotypic biofilms after 24 h.After 24 h P.graveolens essential oil at 0.25%was more effective than the nystatin group,and C.schoenanthus essential oil at 0.25%was as effective as the nystatin group.CONCLUSION C.schoenanthus and P.graveolens essential oils are effective against S.mutans,St.aureus,Ca.albicans,Ca.dubliniensis,and Ca.krusei at different concentrations after 5 min and 24 h.
