Effect of Shengsui Jiangu capsule on TNF-α, TGF-β1, and empty bone lacuna in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis

TGF-Objective:To investigate the effect of postgraduate Shengsui Jiangu Capsule on tumor necrosis factors TNF-α,transforming growth factor TGF-β1 and empty bone lacuna in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.Method:120 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,30 rats in each group:blank group,model group,western medicine control group and traditional Chinese medicine intervention group.Liquor gavage was used to model the disease,except for the blank group.The western medicine control group was gavaged with a suspension of calcium carbonate and afad3,while the Chinese medicine intervention group was gavaged with a suspension of Shengsui Jiangu capsules combined with 0.9%saline solution injection.The values of TNF-αand TGF-β1 in femora were measured after 8,12,and 16 weeks of intervention.After dissecting out the femoral head using the HE(hematoxylin-eosin staining)staining method,the bone lacunae were observed under a light microscope,and the empty bone lacunae rate was calculated for intergroup comparison.Results:Compared with the blank group,the model group had a significantly higher percentage of TNF-αand empty bone lacunae,and a significantly lower percentage of TGF-β1(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the rates of TNF-αand empty bone lacunae in the western medicine control group and the Chinese medicine intervention group were significantly decreased,and TGF-β1 was significantly increased(P<0.01).The traditional Chinese medicine intervention group was more effective than the western medicine control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shengsui Jiangu capsule attenuates the expression of TNF-α,enhances the expression of TGF-β1,decreases the rate of empty bone lacunae,and achieves a protective effect against alcoholic osteoporosis in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.

单细胞RNA测序技术在肺癌肿瘤微环境研究中的进展

免疫微环境对肿瘤的发生发展起着关键作用。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展,研究人员对肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞组成及其功能有了更深入的了解。然而,传统的群体测序技术难以解析单个细胞层面的异质性,限制了对肿瘤微环境复杂性的全面理解。单细胞RNA测序技术的兴起,为揭示肺癌免疫微环境的异质性带来了新的机遇。当前以T细胞为中心的免疫治疗在临床中容易出现免疫原性耐药或者免疫相关性肺炎等影响预后的副作用,其关键因素是肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞的相互作用发生了变化。而单细胞RNA测序技术可以从细胞间互作、拟时序分析等角度揭示肿瘤微环境中不同亚群间的起源与作用,进而发现新的细胞亚群或新生生物标志物,为揭示免疫治疗的耐药及疗效监测等提供新的途径。该综述系统回顾了单细胞RNA测序技术在揭示肺癌特别是免疫治疗后肺癌微环境异质性方面的最新研究进展,为促进肺癌免疫治疗的精准化与个体化提供参考。

基于混沌粒子群优化算法的反应釜温度预测控制研究

反应釜作为化工行业核心的生产容器,其温度控制优化在化工生产领域中具有重要作用。针对反应釜温度控制难的问题,提出了一种基于Tent映射的混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)算法优化动态矩阵控制(DMC)-比例积分微分(PID)的反应釜温度预测控制策略。由于DMC很难选取较优的参数,利用Tent映射的CPSO算法提高动态矩阵参数寻优的速度。通过试验,以及与常规PID、DMC-PID控制对比分析,基于Tent映射的CPSO-DMC-PID串级控制对温度控制系统有较好的控制精度和响应速度,可大幅缩小超调量。该控制策略对反应釜温度预测控制研究具有一定的参考意义。

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

Permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced nanofluidic membrane for osmotic energy harvesting

For the porous‐membrane‐based osmotic energy generator,the potential synergistic enhancement mechanism of various key parameters is still controversial,especially because optimizing the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity is still a challenge.Here,to construct a permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced osmotic energy generator,the twodimensional porous membranes with tunable charge density are prepared by inserting sulfonated polyether sulfone into graphene oxide.Influences of charge density and pore size on the ion transport are explored,and the ionic behaviors in the channel are calculated by numerical simulations.The mechanism of ion transport in the process is studied in depth,and the fundamental principles of energy conversion are revealed.The results demonstrate that charge density and pore size should be matched to construct the optimal ion channel.This collaborative enhancement strategy of permeability and selectivity has significantly improved the output power in osmotic energy generation;compared to the pure graphene oxide membrane,the composite membrane presents almost 20 times improvement.

胶东地区早白垩世周官高镁闪长岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

胶东地区是我国最重要的金矿集区,金矿床的时空分布与晚中生代花岗岩类密切相关,其中早白垩世伟德山期花岗岩侵位时间与大规模金成矿时间一致,是重要的成矿期地质体。隶属于伟德山期花岗岩的周官岩体与金成矿时空关系密切。选择周官岩体作为研究对象,系统开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb同位素测年和全岩地球化学研究工作。结果表明:周官岩体侵位时代为(119.4±1.1)~(118±1.0)Ma,与金成矿同期;岩体具有低硅、高镁和富钠,以及相对高的Cr、Ni、Co、Sc含量、Sr/Y比值和明显贫化的Zr含量特征,Mg#值介于55.83~59.26,表现为高镁闪长岩特征。岩石属高钾钙碱性系列,为高镁闪长岩类,岩浆源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并混染了部分地壳物质;周官高镁闪长岩体和伟德山期花岗岩的岩浆侵位导致地壳浅部发生剧烈隆起,形成伸展构造,为成矿流体运移、成矿物质富集和矿体定位提供了良好通道和有利空间。

Fast prototype and rapid construction of three-dimensional and multi-scaled pitcher for controlled drainage by systematic biomimicry

Biomimetic materials that use natural wisdom to solve practical problems are developing rapidly.The trend for systematic biomimicry is towards in-situ characterization of naturalcreatures with high spatial resolutions.Furthermore,rapid reconstruction of digital twin models with the same complex features as the prototype is indispensable.However,it faces bottlenecks and limits in fast characterization and fabrication,precise parameter optimization,geometricdeviations control,and quality prediction.To solve these challenges,here,we demonstrate astate-of-the-art method taking advantage of micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional printing for the fast characterization of the pitcher plant Nepenthes x ventrata and fabrication of its biomimetic model to obtain a superior drainage controller with multiscale structures withprecise surface morphology optimization and geometric deviation control.Thefilm-rupture-based drainage dynamic and mechanisms are characterized by x-ray and high-speed videography,which determines the crucial structures for unique directionaldrainage.Then the optimized artificial pitchers are further developed into sustained drainage devices with novel applications,such as detection,reaction,and smoke control.

Optimizing the sulfur-resistance and activity of perovskite oxygen carrier for chemical looping dry reforming of methane

Perovskite oxides has been attracted much attention as high-performance oxygen carriers for chemical looping reforming of methane,but they are easily inactivated by the presence of trace H_(2)S.Here,we propose to modulate both the activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning by dual substitution of Mo and Ni ions with the Fe-sites of LaFeO_(3)perovskite.It is found that partial substitution of Ni for Fe substantially improves the activity of LaFeO_(3)perovskite,while Ni particles prefer to grow and react with H_(2)S during the long-term successive redox process,resulting in the deactivation of oxygen carriers.With the presence of Mo in LaNi_(0.05)Fe_(0.95)O_(3−σ)perovskite,H_(2)S preferentially reacts with Mo to generate MoS_(2),and then the CO_(2)oxidation can regenerate Mo via removing sulfur.In addition,Mo can inhibit the accumulation and growth of Ni,which helps to improve the redox stability of oxygen carriers.The LaNi_(0.05)Mo_(0.07)Fe_(0.88)O_(3−σ)oxygen carrier exhibits stable and excellent performance,with the CH_(4)conversion higher than 90%during the 50 redox cycles in the presence of 50 ppm H_(2)S at 800℃.This work highlights a synergistic effect in the perovskite oxides induced by dual substitution of different cations for the development of high-performance oxygen carriers with excellent sulfur tolerance.

Bionic lightweight design of limb leg units for hydraulic quadruped robots by additive manufacturing and topology optimization

Galloping cheetahs,climbing mountain goats,and load hauling horses all show desirable locomotion capability,which motivates the development of quadruped robots.Among various quadruped robots,hydraulically driven quadruped robots show great potential in unstructured environments due to their discrete landing positions and large payloads.As the most critical movement unit of a quadruped robot,the limb leg unit(LLU)directly affects movement speed and reliability,and requires a compact and lightweight design.Inspired by the dexterous skeleton–muscle systems of cheetahs and humans,this paper proposes a highly integrated bionic actuator system for a better dynamic performance of an LLU.We propose that a cylinder barrel with multiple element interfaces and internal smooth channels is realized using metal additive manufacturing,and hybrid lattice structures are introduced into the lightweight design of the piston rod.In addition,additive manufacturing and topology optimization are incorporated to reduce the redundant material of the structural parts of the LLU.The mechanical properties of the actuator system are verified by numerical simulation and experiments,and the power density of the actuators is far greater than that of cheetah muscle.The mass of the optimized LLU is reduced by 24.5%,and the optimized LLU shows better response time performance when given a step signal,and presents a good trajectory tracking ability with the increase in motion frequency.

Screening the optimal Co_(x)/CeO_(2)(110)(x=1–6)catalyst for methane activation in coalbed gas

The challenges posed by energy and environmental issues have forced mankind to explore and utilize unconventional energy sources.It is imperative to convert the abundant coalbed gas(CBG)into high value-added products,i.e.,selective and efficient conversion of methane from CBG.Methane activation,known as the“holy grail”,poses a challenge to the design and development of catalysts.The structural complexity of the active metal on the carrier is of particular concern.In this work,we have studied the nucleation growth of small Co clusters(up to Co_(6))on the surface of CeO_(2)(110)using density functional theory,from which a stable loaded Co/CeO_(2)(110)structure was selected to investigate the methane activation mechanism.Despite the relatively small size of the selected Co clusters,the obtained Co_(x)/CeO_(2)(110)exhibits interesting properties.The optimized Co_(5)/CeO_(2)(110)structure was selected as the optimal structure to study the activation mechanism of methane due to its competitive electronic structure,adsorption energy and binding energy.The energy barriers for the stepwise dissociation of methane to form CH3^(*),CH2^(*),CH^(*),and C^(*)radical fragments are 0.44,0.55,0.31,and 1.20 eV,respectively,indicating that CH^(*)dissociative dehydrogenation is the rate-determining step for the system under investigation here.This fundamental study of metal-support interactions based on Co growth on the CeO_(2)(110)surface contributes to the understanding of the essence of Co/CeO_(2) catalysts with promising catalytic behavior.It provides theoretical guidance for better designing the optimal Co/CeO_(2) catalyst for tailored catalytic reactions.

热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)

局部热消融技术在肺部结节治疗领域正处在起步与发展阶段,为了肺结节热消融治疗的临床实践和规范发展,由"中国医师协会肿瘤消融治疗技术专家组""中国医师协会介入医师分会肿瘤消融专业委员会""中国抗癌协会肿瘤消融治疗专业委员会""中国临床肿瘤学会消融专家委员会"组织多学科国内有关专家,讨论制定了"热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)"。主要内容包括:(1)肺部亚实性结节的临床评估;(2)热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节技术操作规程、适应证、禁忌证、疗效评价和相关并发症;(3)存在的问题和未来发展方向。

热-水-力耦合条件下黏土岩蠕变特性研究

黏土岩作为放射性核废料处置的备选介质,长期处于热-水-力耦合的复杂条件下。为研究围岩的长期稳定性,开展了一系列不同围压和偏应力下的黏土岩加温-降温排水蠕变试验。得出以下结论:温度的升高会提升黏土岩的蠕变速率,延长衰减蠕变阶段的时间,但是降温过程中试样主要以冷缩变形为主,并未见明显的蠕变变形;围压的降低以及偏应力的增加会提高黏土岩的蠕变速率,并且这种影响会随温度的升高明显加剧。基于试验结果,在Perzyna过应力理论的基础上引入蠕变硬化、蠕变损伤以及热损伤,建立了黏土岩热-水-力耦合蠕变模型。通过ABAQUS软件及其子程序对该模型进行数值实现,模拟结果与试验结果的对比初步表明该模型可以很好地描述热-水-力耦合条件下黏土岩的蠕变特性。

引红济石引水隧洞围岩力学特性研究

引红(红岩河)济石(石头河)引水隧洞围岩断层带破碎松软,岩石强度低,自稳能力差,易产生大变形。以上不良地质条件使其隧洞施工过程中经常会遇到TBM卡机等一系列特殊问题。针对引红济石引水隧洞施工中存在的软岩隧洞大变形问题,首先开展了X射线衍射、崩解试验,分析了试样的组成成分、黏土矿物含量对崩解性影响;再通过一系列单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验和蠕变试验研究了该类岩石不同应力条件下的变形破坏特征及蠕变特性。试验结果表明,该类岩石含有大量的黏土矿物(33.49%),对水比较敏感,遇水膨胀易崩解,导致岩体软化;试样具有较大塑性压缩变形,其应力-应变曲线为应变强化型,且没有明显的峰值。基于试验研究成果和现场监测数据,对该软岩隧洞大变形机制进行了分析,并提出了在围岩与管片之间安装聚氨酯缓冲层的新型支护方案,通过数值计算对支护方案的合理性进行了验证。分析结果表明:聚氨酯缓冲层可以很好地吸收围岩形变压力,避免应力集中带来的管片错台,从而大大减小管片上破坏区的产生。研究成果对该类岩体中隧洞的设计施工以及长期稳定性分析具有重要的参考作用。

并联型软岩温度-渗流-应力耦合三轴流变仪的研制

为研究温度-渗流-应力耦合条件下软岩的长期力学特性,研制了并联型软岩温度-渗流-应力(THM)耦合三轴流变仪。该仪器适用于开展软岩在不同温度和应力条件下的力学特性的试验研究。仪器通过伺服控制实现试验过程中自动稳压、试验数据自动采集以及温度、水压力和应力独立控制的梯度加载,设备采用高精度的LVDT变形传感器对试样的变形进行精确测量。设备可以完成的试验包括单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验、三轴流变试验、循环加卸载试验以及稳态与瞬态条件下的渗透性测试。试验机由于其独特的设置可以同时对2个试样进行相同围压和水压,不同轴压和温度的试验,大大节约了试验的时间成本,尤其是长期力学性能试验,同时更为有效地减少试验的系统误差。近一年的试验,表明该试验机稳定性好,测量精度高,是一套功能齐全,使用方便的试验装置。

长江经济带空气质量指数的时空特征及驱动因素分析——基于贝叶斯空间计量模型的实证

基于2015年长江经济带126个城市空气质量监测数据,首先利用探索性空间数据分析方法揭示了空气质量指数(AQI)的时空演变特征,然后采用贝叶斯空间滞后模型探讨了长江经济带空气质量指数的社会经济驱动因素。研究结果表明:①长江经济带年AQI在空间上整体具有东高西低,长江以北高长江以南低的分布特点,具有明显的空间集聚特征。空气污染严重的热点地区主要集中长三角城市群的江苏省、浙北地区、皖北大部分地区以及上海市。空气质量较好的冷点地区则主要集中在云南省、四川的攀枝花以及贵州的大部分地区。②长江经济带AQI在季节上呈现冬春高、夏秋低的季节变化趋势。总体而言,四季的高值集聚主要分布在鄂皖苏,低值集聚主要分布在云贵地区。③贝叶斯空间滞后模型回归结果显示,长江经济带空气质量存在显著的空间溢出效应。此外,模型结果证实了“环境库兹涅兹曲线”假说;FDI回归系数为正,支持了“污染避难所”假说;人口密度、公路客运量均是导致空气污染加剧的重要因素,而第三产业比重和建成区绿化覆盖率增加有利于长江经济带空气质量的改善。

Reinforcement Technology for Soft Soil Roadbed in the Widened Section of Expressway Expansion

This article examines the soft soil roadbed reinforcement technology for widened sections of highways in a specific project.It provides an overview of the project,the principles of soft soil roadbed reinforcement technology for wide sections,and its practical application.The analysis aims to offer guidance on applying soft soil roadbed wide section reinforcement technology and enhancing the overall quality of similar projects.

黏土岩饱和过程中水分运移规律试验研究

黏土岩作为高放废物地质处置库的备选介质,目前得到世界各国的高度重视。黏土岩地质处置库巷道施工过程中,一方面,围岩因开挖损伤生成裂隙使得渗透性增强,对核素的阻滞作用降低;另一方面,在应力和水的耦合作用下,黏土岩良好的裂隙渗透损伤自修复能力使得围岩的渗透性逐渐恢复接近于原始状态。基于电阻率测试,首先开展了黏土岩试样在不同条件下的饱和过程试验研究,得到了黏土岩试样饱和过程中等效电阻率的变化规律,分析了不同损伤程度试样、盐溶液对等效电阻率的影响,进而揭示黏土岩饱和过程中水分运移规律。试验结果表明:(1)等效电阻率随着含水率增加而逐渐减小,并逐渐趋于一个稳定值;(2)等效电阻率的大小不仅与含水率有关,试样内部裂隙的存在也会影响等效电阻率分布,这一发现为电阻率法可以探测试样中裂隙的存在提供了依据;(3)水流在黏土岩中扩散,内部裂隙成为优先通道,水流在裂隙中的快速扩散加快了黏土岩的饱和速度。同时,随着黏土岩中水分与黏土矿物的水化膨胀反应,内部裂隙有一定程度闭合,加深对裂隙闭合机制认识,通过电阻率测试可以有效地揭示这一过程。

Analysis and Comparison of Slope-cutting Widening Schemes in Highway Reconstruction and Expansion Project Based on MIDAS Software

In this paper,the geological condition of the right-side slope of the K114+694–K115+162 section of Yong-tai-wen Expressway is investigated and analyzed with the results showing that the strength of rock mass is the main contributor to the stability of the slope.Then,two widening schemes are proposed,which are the steep slope with strong support and the gentle slope with general support schemes.The static/slope module of MIDAS GTS finite element analysis software and the strength reduction method were used to compare the two schemes.The results show that the steep slope with a strong support scheme has obvious advantages in land requisition,environmental protection,and safety and is more suitable for reconstructing and expanding the highway slope.

子午流注配合经脉干支表达对原发性痛经的治疗干预

目的:探讨子午流注配合经脉干支表达治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效。方法:将2016年5月-2018年5月佛山市中医院三水医院收治的100例原发性痛经患者随机分为对照组与治疗组,每组50例。对照组予传统针刺疗法,治疗组予就诊日期的干支表达配合子午流注取穴针刺疗法,均治疗3个月经周期。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估痛经时疼痛程度,采用COX痛经症状评估量表(CMSS)评估临床症状严重程度。比较即时疗效、远期疗效。结果:与治疗前比较,两组VAS、CMSS评分显著降低(P<0.01);与对照组比较,治疗组VAS、CMSS评分显著较低(P<0.01);对照组即时有效率为84.00%,治疗组即时有效率为94.00%,比较有统计学意义(Z=-1.982,P=0.047<0.05);对照组远期疗效率为82.00%,治疗组远期疗效率为92.00%,比较有统计学意义(Z=-2.609,P=0.009<0.01)。结论:子午流注配合经脉干支表达治疗原发性痛经疗效显著,且治疗效应比较持久。

人际心理治疗及认知行为治疗对产后抑郁障碍的疗效和社会支持的影响

目的:探讨人际心理治疗(IPT)及认知行为治疗(CBT)对产后抑郁障碍(PPD)的疗效及社会支持的影响。方法:60例PPD患者随机分为IPT组和CBT组,并分别接受相应的治疗,为期12周。治疗前后分别进行爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)及社会支持量表评定。结果:治疗后两组EPDS评分明显低于治疗前(P均<0.01),且两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前两组间社会支持量表评分总分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组社会支持量表总分及分量表评分均较治疗前显著增加(P均<0.01),且IPT组社会支持量表总分及各分量表评分均显著高于CBT组(P均<0.05)。结论:IPT及CBT治疗PPD的疗效相当,但IPT可更好地改善PPD患者的社会支持。