Inflammatory bowel diseases,namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,are chronic and relapsing conditions that pose a growing burden on healthcare systems worldwide.Because of their complex and partly unknown et...Inflammatory bowel diseases,namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,are chronic and relapsing conditions that pose a growing burden on healthcare systems worldwide.Because of their complex and partly unknown etiology and pathogenesis,the management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease can prove challenging not only from a clinical point of view but also for resource optimization.Artificial intelligence,an umbrella term that encompasses any cognitive function developed by machines for learning or problem solving,and its subsets machine learning and deep learning are becoming ever more essential tools with a plethora of applications in most medical specialties.In this regard gastroenterology is no exception,and due to the importance of endoscopy and imaging numerous clinical studies have been gradually highlighting the relevant role that artificial intelligence has in inflammatory bowel diseases as well.The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence on the use of artificial intelligence in inflammatory bowel diseases in various contexts such as diagnosis,follow-up,treatment,prognosis,cancer surveillance,data collection,and analysis.Moreover,insights into the potential further developments in this field and their effects on future clinical practice were discussed.展开更多
Benign biliary strictures(BBS)might occur due to different pancreaticobiliary conditions.The etiology and location of biliary strictures are responsible of a wide array of clinical manifestations.The endoscopic approa...Benign biliary strictures(BBS)might occur due to different pancreaticobiliary conditions.The etiology and location of biliary strictures are responsible of a wide array of clinical manifestations.The endoscopic approach endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography represents the first-line treatment for BBS,considering interventional radiology and surgery when endoscopic treatment fails or it is not suitable.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of possible endoscopic treatments for the optimal management of this subset of patients.展开更多
Nutritional support is essential in patients who have a limited capability to maintain their body weight.Therefore,oral feeding is the main approach for such patients.When physiological nutrition is not possible,posit...Nutritional support is essential in patients who have a limited capability to maintain their body weight.Therefore,oral feeding is the main approach for such patients.When physiological nutrition is not possible,positioning of a nasogastric,nasojejunal tube,or other percutaneous devices may be feasible alternatives.Creating a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)is a suitable option to be evaluated for patients that need nutritional support for more than 4 wk.Many diseases require nutritional support by PEG,with neurological,oncological,and catabolic diseases being the most common.PEG can be performed endoscopically by various techniques,radiologically or surgically,with different outcomes and related adverse events(AEs).Moreover,some patients that need a PEG placement are fragile and are unable to express their will or sign a written informed consent.These conditions highlight many ethical problems that become difficult to manage as treatment progresses.The aim of this manuscript is to review all current endoscopic techniques for percutaneous access,their indications,postprocedural follow-up,and AEs.展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases,namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,are chronic and relapsing conditions that pose a growing burden on healthcare systems worldwide.Because of their complex and partly unknown etiology and pathogenesis,the management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease can prove challenging not only from a clinical point of view but also for resource optimization.Artificial intelligence,an umbrella term that encompasses any cognitive function developed by machines for learning or problem solving,and its subsets machine learning and deep learning are becoming ever more essential tools with a plethora of applications in most medical specialties.In this regard gastroenterology is no exception,and due to the importance of endoscopy and imaging numerous clinical studies have been gradually highlighting the relevant role that artificial intelligence has in inflammatory bowel diseases as well.The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence on the use of artificial intelligence in inflammatory bowel diseases in various contexts such as diagnosis,follow-up,treatment,prognosis,cancer surveillance,data collection,and analysis.Moreover,insights into the potential further developments in this field and their effects on future clinical practice were discussed.
文摘Benign biliary strictures(BBS)might occur due to different pancreaticobiliary conditions.The etiology and location of biliary strictures are responsible of a wide array of clinical manifestations.The endoscopic approach endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography represents the first-line treatment for BBS,considering interventional radiology and surgery when endoscopic treatment fails or it is not suitable.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of possible endoscopic treatments for the optimal management of this subset of patients.
文摘Nutritional support is essential in patients who have a limited capability to maintain their body weight.Therefore,oral feeding is the main approach for such patients.When physiological nutrition is not possible,positioning of a nasogastric,nasojejunal tube,or other percutaneous devices may be feasible alternatives.Creating a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)is a suitable option to be evaluated for patients that need nutritional support for more than 4 wk.Many diseases require nutritional support by PEG,with neurological,oncological,and catabolic diseases being the most common.PEG can be performed endoscopically by various techniques,radiologically or surgically,with different outcomes and related adverse events(AEs).Moreover,some patients that need a PEG placement are fragile and are unable to express their will or sign a written informed consent.These conditions highlight many ethical problems that become difficult to manage as treatment progresses.The aim of this manuscript is to review all current endoscopic techniques for percutaneous access,their indications,postprocedural follow-up,and AEs.
