Non-flammable long chain phosphate ester based electrolyte via competitive solventized structures for high-performance lithium metal batteries

Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.

Effects of conductive agent type on lithium extraction from salt lake brine with LiFePO_(4) electrodes

Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low cost.Nevertheless,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental pollution.In this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium extraction.The conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive agent.This approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle life.When the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was utilized.Meanwhile,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling performance.When the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical performance.Furthermore,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was constructed.The electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this device.This work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.

干热环境下钢纤维-水泥基材料增强增韧效果影响研究

为了研究干热环境下钢纤维对水泥基材料的增强增韧效果,以高地温隧道干热环境为背景,通过调研将隧道的围岩温度分为4个等级(40℃、60℃、80℃和100℃)并设置相应的模拟环境,通过力学性能试验研究不同干热环境对水泥砂浆强度、钢纤维与水泥砂浆界面黏结性和钢纤维拔出功的影响,分析干热环境的劣化机理,最后通过钢纤维混凝土断裂性能试验进行对比验证。主要得到结论:(1)干热环境在早期有利于水泥砂浆抗压强度及钢纤维与水泥砂浆界面黏结强度的增长。7 d龄期以后,干热环境下水泥砂浆抗压强度及钢纤维与水泥砂浆界面黏结强度明显低于标准养护环境,下降的程度与温度呈正相关。(2)干热环境下的钢纤维-水泥砂浆的拔出功大于标准养护条件下的拔出功,表明干热环境可以提高钢纤维的增韧效果,但是温度过高钢纤维的增韧效果下降。(3)随着温度的升高钢纤维-混凝土试件的断裂能均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且断裂能在60℃时出现最大值。

A novel histone methyltransferase gene Cg SDG40 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis during citrus fruit ripening

The flesh color of pummelo(Citrus maxima)fruits is highly diverse and largely depends on the level of carotenoids,which are beneficial to human health.It is vital to investigate the regulatory network of carotenoid biosynthesis to improve the carotenoid content in pummelo.However,the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid accumulation in pummelo is not fully understood.In this study,we identified a novel histone methyltransferase gene,CgSDG40,involved in carotenoid regulation by analyzing the flesh transcriptome of typical white-fleshed pummelo,red-fleshed pummelo and extreme-colored F1 hybrids from a segregated pummelo population.Expression of CgSDG40 corresponded to flesh color change and was highly coexpressed with CgPSY1.Interestingly,CgSDG40 and CgPSY1 are located physically adjacent to each other on the chromosome in opposite directions,sharing a partially overlapping promoter region.Subcellular localization analysis indicated that CgSDG40 localizes to the nucleus.Overexpression of CgSDG40 significantly increased the total carotenoid content in citrus calli relative to that in wild type.In addition,expression of CgPSY1 was significantly activated in overexpression lines relative to wild type.Taken together,our findings reveal a novel histone methyltransferase regulator,CgSDG40,involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus and provide new strategies for molecular design breeding and genetic improvement of fruit color and nutritional quality.

Comparison of fish communities using environmental DNA metabarcoding and capture methods in a plateau Erhai Lake,China

Environmental DNA(eDNA)has been used as an important tool for fish diversity analysis,which can greatly solve the problems in traditional survey methodology.However,little work has been done on the actual monitoring accuracy of eDNA.In this study,we analyzed the current status of fish resources in Erhai Lake in Yunnan,SW China,by dividing the lake into three sectors according to habitat differences,and compared the results of eDNA and traditional capture methods to investigate the shortcomings of the current analysis of eDNA results.A total of 27 fish species were detected by eDNA and traditional capture methods,including 20 and 19 fish species,respectively,and additional differences in fish composition between the two methods.The alpha diversity showed higher fish abundance and lower fish diversity by eDNA method compared to the traditional capture method,demonstrating that eDNA was not superior for use in fish diversity analysis.Fish community similarity analysis showed that community differences were generally significant for eDNA(P<0.05).RDA analysis indicated that environmental factors did not significantly affect fish communities monitored by the eDNA method.However,water temperature,aquatic plants,and water depth had significant(P<0.05)effects on fish communities in the traditional capture method,suggesting that eDNA results are insensitive to the effects of environmental factors.Our results illustrate the effectiveness of eDNA in fish identification and the issues in quantification compared to traditional capture methods.Therefore,combining eDNA with traditional methods is a more effective method for analyzing eDNA metabarcoding,following which the protocols of both quantitative methods can be designed to explore the regularity of eDNA quantification.

Contemporary strategies and approaches for characterizing composition and enhancing biofilm penetration targeting bacterial extracellular polymeric substances

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)constitutes crucial elements within bacterial biofilms,facili-tating accelerated antimicrobial resistance and conferring defense against the host's immune cells.Developing precise and effective antibiofilm approaches and strategies,tailored to the specific charac-teristics of EPS composition,can offer valuable insights for the creation of novel antimicrobial drugs.This,in turn,holds the potential to mitigate the alarming issue of bacterial drug resistance.Current analysis of EPS compositions relies heavily on colorimetric approaches with a significant bias,which is likely due to the selection of a standard compound and the cross-interference of various EPS compounds.Considering the pivotal role of EPS in biofilm functionality,it is imperative for EPS research to delve deeper into the analysis of intricate compositions,moving beyond the current focus on polymeric materials.This ne-cessitates a shift from heavy reliance on colorimetric analytic methods to more comprehensive and nuanced analytical approaches.In this study,we have provided a comprehensive summary of existing analytical methods utilized in the characterization of EPS compositions.Additionally,novel strategies aimed at targeting EPS to enhance biofilm penetration were explored,with a specific focus on high-lighting the limitations associated with colorimetric methods.Furthermore,we have outlined the challenges faced in identifying additional components of EPS and propose a prospective research plan to address these challenges.This review has the potential to guide future researchers in the search for novel compounds capable of suppressing EPS,thereby inhibiting biofilm formation.This insight opens up a new avenue for exploration within this research domain.

冲击电压下GIS典型绝缘缺陷局部放电光-电信号特性研究

气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)是电力系统中重要的变电设备,发生故障时会为国民经济带来严重的损失。GIS设备在运行过程中既会受到运行电压的作用,还会受到暂态冲击电压的影响。大幅值的暂态冲击会激发工频运行电压下潜伏的微小缺陷产生局部放电,关注冲击电压下的局部放电信号能够有效提升设备内部微小缺陷检出的灵敏度。针对于此,本文将绝缘缺陷设置在实体GIS上,基于光电一体化融合传感器,利用特高频法和光测法对振荡型冲击电压下的局部放电进行了测量和分析。振荡型冲击下实体GIS中的三种典型缺陷局部放电检测结果表明:尖刺缺陷下放电主要出现在外施电压的峰值附近,但当电压较高时,由于空间电荷形成的反向电场的影响,引发波谷放电。悬浮缺陷下放电会发生在更多的放电周期,主要发生在外施电压的上升沿和下降沿,其中一些放电幅值较大,特高频法和荧光光纤法可以同时检测到放电脉冲。沿面缺陷下的放电脉冲依次发生在外施电压的上升沿和下降沿,荧光光纤法只能检测到极个别的放电脉冲。

创建“红领金”党建品牌 引领业务高质量发展

从县域到城区,鱼淼同志始终以党建为统领,全力服务延安革命老区振兴发展。2020年以来,创建“红领金”党建品牌,所在的中国农业银行陕西省延安七里铺支行综合绩效考核从全市第十二名提升至第三名,存贷款规模创历史新高,各项存款时点净增31亿元,日均净增23亿元;普惠贷款和“惠农e贷”分别各净增1.4亿元,其中法人普惠居全市第一。发放2022年全省单笔最大设备更新改造贷款1.2亿元,“惠农e贷”工作受到中央电视台新闻联播等多个频道报道。

Competence of clinical teachers:A survey on perception of masters of nursing specialist postgraduates, their clinical teachers, and head nurses

Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,using a random number table,we chose 80 MNS postgraduates under clinical practice,their clinical teachers,and head nurses each from six hospitals in Hunan and Guangdong.The participants were tested on the basis of the Clinical Teachers'Competence Inventory of MNS Postgraduates.The competences of clinical teachers were evaluated by the three groups of participants.Results:The aggregated scores of teacher competence as evaluated by the MNS postgraduates(181.33±24.95)were lower than those assigned by both clinical teachers(190.75±24.30)and their head nurses(198.53±18.90),with significant differences in all dimensions except for clinical managing ability.The five highest rated items from all participants focused on the teachers'clinical nursing ability,and the five lowest rated items were mainly about their clinical research ability.Conclusion:The evaluation from MNS postgraduates is obviously lower than the self-evaluation of clinical teachers,and all participants are aware of the deficiency in research ability of the teachers.Thus,the admittance and examination of clinical teachers should be controlled strictly.Training should be carried out immediately to strengthen their comprehensive abilities,especially their research ability.

Clinical observations of acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy in a real-world setting

AIM: To describe the clinical features of acute myopic onset of optic neuropathy and observe the effects of retrobulbar and systemic glucocorticoid therapy in a realworld setting.METHODS: A retrospective observational case series included 18 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy in a real-world setting. While the patients were using retrobulbar and systemic glucocorticoid therapy, various imaging examination data were analysed, and the clinical features of myopic optic neuropathy were summarized for 6 mo to 2 y. RESULTS: The included group of patients with acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy consisted mostly of females(n=11). The visual field(VF) showed abnormalities in bilateral eyes, including the spread of physiological blind spots, central and paracentral dark spots, and centripetal peripheral VF reduction;but central vision with no subjective changes. The visual evoked potential(VEP) was abnormal in all eyes with vision loss. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was improved from 1.04±0.63 to 0.47±0.57(log MAR) af ter glucocor ticoid treatment(P<0.05). In patients with a short course(within 1 wk), recovery was fast and achieved the same BCVA as recorded before the onset within 6 d. However, in patients with the long course(1 to 2 wk), recovery was slow and did not achieve the BCVA recorded before the onset within 10 d. The changes of intraocular pressure(IOP) were not obvious before and after treatment(18.68±5.30 vs 19.55±5.34 mm Hg, P>0.05). There was no recurrence during long-term followup observation.CONCLUSION: The acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy is characterized by BCVA and VF abnormalities in bilateral eyes. Retrobulbar and systemic glucocorticoid therapy is effective.

试验与示范: 国家自主创新示范区建设中的央地话语联盟

在已有政策试点的研究中,试验与示范的争论由来已久。然而,已有研究却忽视了话语的媒介和建构机制对于试验与示范有效实现的重要作用。通过引入话语联盟等理论,论文以国家自主创新示范区为例,基于话语网络分析的运用,揭示了话语如何促进了试验与示范在试点过程中的共现与互动。研究发现:首先,中央和不同示范区,基于试验与示范等内容的不同叙事侧重,形成了不同的话语联盟。其次,不同的话语联盟在试点过程的不同阶段中,起到了试对、试错、完善、促扩散等不同的政策实践影响。最后,央地话语联盟的建构主要基于央地互动中的权力分配:一方面,中央在话语权力中基于支配地位,实现了对于政策知识和示范方向的控制;另一方面,地方基于转译机制,实现了对于试点经验的拓展和再创新。

Cytotoxic phenazine and antiallergic phenoxazine alkaloids from an arctic Nocardiopsis dassonvillei SCSIO 502F

Microbes well-adapted to the Arctic Ocean are promising for producing novel compounds,due to their fancy strategies for adaptation and being under-investigated.Two new phenazine alkaloids(1 and 2)and one new phenoxa-zine(3)were isolated from Nocardiopsis dassonvillei 502F,a strain originally isolated from Arctic deep-sea sediments.AntiSMASH analysis of the genome of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei 502F revealed the presence of 16 putative biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs),including a phenazine BGC.Most of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial,antiallergic,and cytotoxic activities.Among them,compounds 4 and 5 exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxic activities against osteosarcoma cell line 143B with IC_(50) values 0.16 and 20.0μM,respectively.Besides,the results of antiallergic activities of compounds 6-8 exhibited inhibitory activities with IC_(50) values of 10.88±3.05,38.88±3.29,and 2.44±0.17μg/mL,respectively(IC_(50)91.6μM for the positive control loratadine).

建筑排风隔热外窗冬季结露机理与防治

本文利用数值传热模型,计算排风隔热窗在不同运行参数和室内外边界条件时的内部温度分布情况,并与排风露点温度进行比较,从而判断是否出现结露,确定出现结露的临界边界条件,提出避免冬季结露的措施。结果表明,使用Low-e玻璃可以有效避免该外窗在冬季结露的产生,在室外极端低温的情况下,则可在不损失热舒适的情况下,适当降低室内空调设定温度,同时配合提高排风速度,从而进一步提升排风隔热窗冬季防结露能力。

标签移动场景下的防碰撞算法研究

针对目前一些已有标签防碰撞算法大多应用于标签固定场景,而在标签移动场景下表现不佳的问题,提出了一种标签移动场景下(tag moving scene,TMS)的防碰撞算法。该算法首先对移入标签和驻留标签进行区分,然后对标签数量进行预估,最后基于标签预估值采用一种混合识别策略对标签进行识别。仿真实验结果显示,相较于其他算法,TMS算法在标签移动场景下可以有效降低标签识别时间,对RFID标签防碰撞算法的研究具有一定意义。

肺和肠道微生物群落与哮喘的研究进展

哮喘是一种常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病,发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,其临床特征及免疫学和分子病因学往往因人而异。近些年,随着微生物代谢组学分析的兴起,临床中发现肺和肠道微生物群落在健康免疫反应的发展、调节和维持中均起着重要作用,并由此诞生了“肠-肺轴”这一概念。肺和肠道微生物群落的失调会影响哮喘的发展、临床特征和治疗反应。不同微生物群落对哮喘的影响程度及作用机制还不清楚,本文就最近发现的肺和肠道微生物群落之间的联系及其对哮喘的影响进行综述,为哮喘的诊断和个性化诊疗提供新的思路。

Advances in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

The pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment depends on three factors, namely, retinal rupture, vitreous liquefaction and traction causing the retina to separate from the pigment epithelium, among which retinal rupture is the most important. Retinopathy is caused by a gap between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium, which severely damages the visual function of the patient. Therefore, early clinical discovery, prevention and selection of an appropriate treatment are important. This article reviews progress in the treatment of retinal detachment.

Penetration characteristics of VLF wave from atmosphere into lower ionosphere

The factors affecting the reflection and transmission coefficient of the ionosphere have been analyzed.These factors include wave frequency,incident angle,geomagnetic inclination,electron density and collision frequency in the ionosphere.The ionosphere refractive index is also analyzed.The ionosphere above 70 km is considered to be homogeneous and anisotropic,and the reflection and transmission coefficient matrix is calculated using matrix method.Simultaneously the Booker quartic equation is solved to get the refractive index in the ionosphere.The results show that when the wave frequency is higher,it is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere from its bottom boundary and the propagation attenuation in the ionosphere is smaller.TE（traverse electric） wave and TM（traverse magnetic） wave can both penetrate into the ionosphere with a small incident angle,while TE wave can hardly transmit into the ionosphere when the incident angle is large.The transmission coefficient decreases as the geomagnetic inclination increases.TE and TM wave cannot penetrate into the ionosphere at magnetic equator.When the electron collision frequency is higher,it is easier for VLF wave to penetrate into the ionosphere and the attenuation of ordinary wave is weaker,which may be caused by the energy transportation between the waves and the particles.The ordinary（O） wave experiences severer attenuation than extraordinary（X） wave,and X wave is a penetration mode whereas O wave is a non-penetration mode in the ionosphere.All the results indicate that VLF wave with higher frequency is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere and to be recorded by the satellites at high latitude.It is hard for ULF and the lower frequency VLF wave to transmit into the ionosphere directly for the severe reflection and attenuation.It may transmit into the ionosphere with a small incident angle due to the nonlinear effect,for example,the interaction between the waves and the particles or cross modulation,and then propagate along the whistle duct with small attenuation.This work may be a preliminary theoretical exploration for the future calculation on the response of ground based VLF artificial transmitter in the ionosphere and further study on the seismic ionosphere coupling model.

Alpl prevents bone ageing sensitivity by specifically regulating senescence and differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells

Mutations in the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase(Alpl) gene cause hypophosphatasia(HPP) and early-onset bone dysplasia,suggesting that this gene is a key factor in human bone development. However, how and where Alpl acts in bone ageing is largely unknown. Here, we determined that ablation of Alpl induces prototypical premature bone ageing characteristics, including bone mass loss and marrow fat gain coupled with elevated expression of p16INK4A(p16) and p53 due to senescence and impaired differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Mechanistically, Alpl deficiency in MSCs enhances ATP release and reduces ATP hydrolysis. Then, the excessive extracellular ATP is, in turn, internalized by MSCs and causes an elevation in the intracellular ATP level, which consequently inactivates the AMPKα pathway and contributes to the cell fate switch of MSCs. Reactivating AMPKα by metformin treatment successfully prevents premature bone ageing in Alpl+/-mice by improving the function of endogenous MSCs.These results identify a previously unknown role of Alpl in the regulation of ATP-mediated AMPKα alterations that maintain MSC stemness and prevent bone ageing and show that metformin offers a potential therapeutic option.

城市创业对经济增长的影响探究

经济增长的关键驱动因素一直受到学术界和政策界的广泛关注。近年来,我国出台了一系列创业激励政策希望推动经济增长。因此,本文聚焦于创业与经济增长这两个重要议题,实证分析城市创业水平对经济增长的影响。本文利用国内市级行政单位每年的创业数据及经济增长数据,选取实缴制改为认缴制政策作为外生冲击,运用双重差分方法证明了创业水平对经济增长的驱动作用。随后,通过双重差分分阶段检验比较了创业对经济增长影响的时间变化规律,并进行了渠道检验和一系列稳健性检验。本文的工作补充了创业与经济增长的相关研究,同时也能够为相关政策制定提供指导意见。

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 mediates stem cells migration and angiogenesis:therapeutic potential for endogenous pulp regeneration

Pulp loss is accompanied by the functional impairment of defense,sensory,and nutrition supply.The approach based on endogenous stem cells is a potential strategy for pulp regeneration.However,endogenous stem cell sources,exogenous regenerative signals,and neovascularization are major difficulties for pulp regeneration based on endogenous stem cells.Therefore,the purpose of our research is to seek an effective cytokines delivery strategy and bioactive materials to reestablish an ideal regenerative microenvironment for pulp regeneration.In in vitro study,we investigated the effects of Wnt3a,transforming growth factor-beta 1,and bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP7)on human dental pulp stem cells(h-DPSCs)and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.2D and 3D culture systems based on collagen gel,matrigel,and gelatin methacryloyl were fabricated to evaluate the morphology and viability of h-DPSCs.In in vivo study,an ectopic nude mouse model and an in situ beagle dog model were established to investigate the possibility of pulp regeneration by implanting collagen gel loading BMP7.We concluded that BMP7promoted the migration and odontogenic differentiation of h-DPSCs and vessel formation.Collagen gel maintained the cell adhesion,cell spreading,and cell viability of h-DPSCs in 2D or 3D culture.The transplantation of collagen gel loading BMP7 induced vascularized pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo.The injectable approach based on collagen gel loading BMP7 might exert promising therapeutic application in endogenous pulp regeneration.