Importance of oxygen-containing functionalities and pore structures of biochar in catalyzing pyrolysis of homologous poplar

Biochar and bio-oil are produced simultaneously in one pyrolysis process,and they inevitably contact and may interact,influencing the composition of bio-oil and modifying the structure of biochar.In this sense,biochar is an inherent catalyst for pyrolysis.In this study,in order to investigate the influence of functionalities and pore structures of biochar on its capability for catalyzing the conversion of homologous volatiles in bio-oil,three char catalysts(600C,800C,and 800AC)produced via pyrolysis of poplar wood at 600 or 800℃or activated at 800℃,were used for catalyzing pyrolysis of homologous poplar wood at 600℃,respectively.The results indicated that the 600C catalyst was more active than 800C and 800AC for catalyzing cracking of volatiles to form more gas(yield increase by 40.2%)and aromatization of volatiles to form more light or heavy phenolics,due to its abundant oxygen-containing functionalities acting as active sites.The developed pores of the 800AC showed no such catalytic effect but could trap some volatiles and allow their further conversion via sufficient aromatization.Nevertheless,the interaction with the volatiles consumed oxygen on 600C(decrease by 50%),enhancing the aromatic degree and increasing thermal stability.The dominance of deposition of carbonaceous material of a very aromatic nature over 800C and 800AC resulted in net weight gain and blocked micropores but formed additional macropores.The in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization of the catalytic pyrolysis indicated superior activity of 600C for removal of -OH,while conversion of the intermediates bearing C=O was enhanced over all the char catalysts.

Enhanced bimetallic CuCo nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon for selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol through strong electronic interactions

Bimetallic CuCo catalysts with different Cu to Co ratios on N-doped porous carbon materials(N-C)were achieved using impregnation method and applied in the hydrogenation of furfural(FAL)to furfuryl alcohol(FOL).The high hydrogenation activity of FAL over Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C was originated from the synergistic interactions of Cu and Co species,where Co^(0)and Cu^(0)simultaneously adsorb and activate H_(2),and Cu^(+) served as Lewis acid sites to activate C]O.Meanwhile,electrons transfer from Cu to Co promoted the formation of Cu^(+).In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C adsorbed FAL with a tilted η^(1)-(O)configuration.The superior Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C showed excellent adsorbed ability towards H_(2) and FAL,but weak adsorption for FOL.Therefore,Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C possessed 93.1%FAL conversion and 99.0% FOL selectivity after 5 h reaction,which also exhibited satisfactory reusability in FAL hydrogenation for five cycles.

医院科研管理系统设计与实现

目的:适应医院科研业务的庞大规模和复杂需求,设计并建立一套医院科研管理系统,推动数据共享和业务联动,改善用户体验。方法:开发一个包含项目管理、经费管理和成果管理等模块的医院科研管理系统,将业务流程电子化。利用大数据治理技术和移动互联网技术,分别构建论文网推和移动科研模块。通过接口或中间库实现与医院资源规划(HRP)系统及其他科研平台的对接。结果:医院科研管理系统显著提高了科研项目和经费管理的效率,缩短了科研人员处理事务性业务的时间,改善了用户体验。通过系统对接,实现了跨部门、跨系统的数据共享和业务协同。结论:医院科研管理系统的建设不仅可满足日常科研业务管理需求,还推动了医院科研管理的创新探索。

红色工业文化的精神内涵、主要特征与当代价值

红色工业文化是中国共产党领导中国人民在进行革命、建设和改革过程中所创造的物质文化与精神文化的总和,是中华优秀传统文化和革命文化的承续升华与创新发展,是红色文化在工业化发展领域的集中体现。红色工业文化以爱国奉献、独立自主、勇于争先、协同攻坚等为精神内涵,具有革命性、人民性、实践性、开放性等鲜明特征。厘清红色工业文化的精神内涵和主要特征对新时代加强党史学习教育、坚定文化自信、助力现代化强国建设具有十分重要的当代价值。

Postoperative complications in patients with portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation:Evaluation with Doppler ultrasonography

AIM： To study the postoperative complications in patients with preoperative portal vein thrombosis （PVT） undergoing liver transplantation （LT） and to evaluate the complications with Doppler ultrasonography.METHODS： Retrospective studies were performed on 284 patients undergoing LT （286 LT） with respect to pre- and postoperative clinical data and Doppler ultrasonography. According to the presence and grade of preoperative PVT, 286 LTs were divided into three groups： complete PVT （c-PVT）, partial PVT （p-PVT） and non-PVT, with 22, 30 and 234 LTs, respectively. Analyses were carried out to compare the incidence of early postoperative complications.RESULTS： PVT, inferior vena cava （IVC） thrombosis, hepatic artery thrombosis （HAT） and biliary complications were found postoperatively. All complications were detected by routine Doppler ultrasonography and diagnoses made by ultrasound were confirmed by clinical data or/and other imaging studies. Nine out of 286 LTs had postoperative PVT. The incidence of the c-Pv-r group was 22.7%, which was higher than that of the p-Pv-r group （3.3%, P 〈 0.05） and non- PVT group （1.3%, P 〈 0.005）. No difference was found between the p-PVT and non-PVT groups （P 〉 0.25）. Of the 9 cases with postoperative PVT, recanalizations were achieved in 7 cases after anticoagulation under the guidance of ultrasound, 1 case received portal vein thrombectomy and 1 case died of acute injection. Ten LTs had postoperative 1VC thrombosis. The c-PVT group had a higher incidence of IVC thrombosis than the non- PVT group （9.1% vs 2.6%, P 〈 0.05）; no significant difference was found between either the c-PV-T and p-PVT groups （9.1% vs 6.7%, P 〉 0.5） or between the p-PVT and non-PVT groups （P 〉 0.25）. Nine cases with IVC thrombosis were cured by anticoagulation under the guidance of ultrasound, and 1 case gained natural cure without any medical treatment after 2 mo. HAT was found in 2 non-PVT cases, giving a rate of 0.7% among 286 LTs. Biliary complications were seen in 12 LTs. The incidence of biliary complications in the c-PVT, p-PVT and non-PVT groups was 9.1%, 3.3% and 4.3%, respectively （P 〉 0.25 for all）, among which 2 stenosis led retransplantations and others were controlled by relative therapy.CONCLUSION： C-PVT patients tend to have a higher incidence of PVT and IVC thrombosis than non- PVT patients after LT. The incidence of postoperative complications in p-PVT patients does not differ from that of non-PVT patients, A relatively low incidence of HAT was seen in our study, Doppler ultrasonography is a convenient and efficient method for detecting posttransplant complications and plays an important role in guiding treatment.

PKM2 promotes reductive glutamine metabolism

Objective:Pyruvate kinases M(PKM),including the PKM1 and PKM2 isoforms,are critical factors in glucose metabolism.PKM2promotes aerobic glycolysis,a phenomenon known as"the Warburg effect".The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of PKM2 in regulating cellular metabolism.Methods:The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to generate the PKM-knockout cell model to evaluate the role of PKM in cellular metabolism.Lactate levels were measured by the Vitros LAC slide method on an autoanalyzer and glucose levels were measured by the autoanalyzer AU5800.The metabolism of ^(13)C_6-glucose or ^(13)C_5-glutamine was evaluated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses.The effects of PKM on tumor growth were detected in vivo in a tumor-bearing mouse model.Results:We found that both PKM1 and PKM2 enabled aerobic glycolysis,but PKM2 converted glucose to lactate much more efficiently than PKM1.As a result,PKM2 reduced glucose levels reserved for intracellular utilization,particularly for the production of citrate,and thus increased theα-ketoglutarate/citrate ratio to promote the generation of glutamine-derived acetylcoenzyme A through the reductive pathway.Furthermore,reductive glutamine metabolism facilitated cell proliferation under hypoxia conditions,which supports in vivo tumor growth.In addition,PKM-deletion induced a reverse Warburg effect in tumorassociated stromal cells.Conclusions:PKM2 plays a critical role in promoting reductive glutamine metabolism and maintaining proton homeostasis.This study is helpful to increase the understanding of the physiological role of PKM2 in cancer cells.

纳晴高速牂牁江特大桥总体设计与关键技术

纳晴高速牂牁江特大桥主桥为跨径1080 m的单跨钢桁梁悬索桥。主桥采用纵向低阻尼指数黏滞阻尼器+横向弹性抗风支座+跨中柔性中央扣+边缆限位拉索+竖向塔连杆的多重约束体系。加劲梁采用板桁结合结构形式,由钢桁梁和正交异性钢桥面板组成。桥塔采用门式框架混凝土塔,桥塔基础为超大直径3.8 m的端承桩+分离式承台。主缆采用标准抗拉强度1960 MPa的高强度镀锌铝稀土合金钢丝,跨度布置为(265+1080+435)m。吊索、柔性中央扣及限位拉索采用1960 MPa级镀锌铝稀土合金密封钢丝绳,索体外层由3层Z形异形钢丝环环扣合形成全密封结构,极大提高了缆索系统的耐久和抗疲劳性能。边缆设置限位拉索,有效限制了活载作用下边缆的竖向位移。该桥纳雍岸采用山区岩石地基复合型重力式锚碇,通过合理利用齿坎和岩石夹持效应,锚体工程量节省近20%。悬索桥加劲梁采用陡峻峡谷无起吊平台方案架设,有效解决了山区大跨悬索桥加劲梁吊装场地受限的难题。

基于“皮-肠轴”理论探讨肠道菌群与糖尿病溃疡的关系

糖尿病溃疡(dabetic ulcer)是糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)的严重并发症之一,具有迁延难愈、易感染、易导致截肢或脓毒症的特点[1]。据统计,2016年,全球糖尿病下肢并发症患者约1.31亿,其中250万患者因足部溃疡导致残疾而缩短生命[2]。糖尿病溃疡难愈原因复杂,涉及血管因素、神经因素、免疫因素及微生物因素,其中创面微生物的变化以及与不同细胞作用产生的免疫应答影响了创面的修复[3]。

弯曲状态电沉积波纹管疲劳寿命影响因素分析

为了研究弯曲状态下电沉积波纹管疲劳寿命的影响因素,文中使用弯曲测试工装,开展了相应的旋转弯曲疲劳实验,对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明:在弯曲疲劳实验中,电沉积波纹管断裂位置出现在波谷处,且均为韧性断裂;随着电沉积波纹管壁厚减小、波高增加,疲劳寿命提高;与弯曲极限角度相比,电沉积波纹管在正常工况角度时,疲劳寿命增大6.8倍。实验表明:壁厚为0.03 mm、波高为2.3 mm、工作弯曲角度为110°的多层电沉积波纹管的疲劳性能最优。

Molecular Cloning of IGFBP-1 Gene and Developmental Expression of Its mRNA in Different Tissues of Nanjiang Mongolian Gazelles

The objective of the present study was to investigate the developmental expression patterns of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) gene in different tissues of postnatal Nanjiang Mongolian Gazelles. Samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, m. triceps brachii and biceps muscle of thigh were collected from a total of 36 Nanjiang Mongolian Gazelles at the age of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after birth (3 males and 3 females at each age). The CDS was sequenced and ontogeny of mRNA levels of IGFBP-1 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The size of IGFBP-1 ORF was 792 bp encoding 263 amino acid residues, and displayed higher nucleotide/amino acid sequence identities with other ruminants compared to non-ruminants. The levels of IGFBP-1 mRNA in liver were highest (P<0.01), levels were medium in lung, spleen and heart, and the lowest in the muscles; there were no significant differences among the muscles (P>0.05). Three expression patterns of IGFBP-1 mRNA during postnatal growth from birth to day 60 were found: consistently decreasing (liver), fluctuating as increasing then decreasing (heart) or as decreasing then increasing then decreasing (spleen, lung and muscles). The results indicate that the IGFBP-1 gene is highly conserved among species, and liver has the highest expression. It was concluded that IGFBP-1 plays important roles in early postnatal growth and is expressed in a developmental-tissue-dependent manner.

基于MATLAB-Simulink&AMESim联合仿真的动力包电池热管理系统

以某电动车的动力电池系统为研究对象,基于Bernardi电池产热模型计算电芯的产热速率,利用MATLAB/Simulink和AMESim软件联合建立电池系统仿真模型,为了提高仿真精度,基于测试数据对模型进行校核,在标定好的模型的基础上预测不同工况下电池的温度变化、SOC变化和充放电所用时间,验证动力电池包热管理系统的效果及控制策略的合理性。

基于PLC的变频造纸机双闭环调速控制方法

为了提高变频造纸机的控制精度与稳定性,提出基于PLC的变频造纸机双闭环调速控制方法。首先,对变频造纸机的电机展开建模分析,为后续调速控制提供依据;其次,采用PLC技术设计变频造纸机控制系统,计算造纸机理想转速比,结合实际转速获得控制偏差,采用PI控制方式完成电流调节环节与转速调节环节的控制;最后,引入灰狼算法在变频造纸机双闭环调速控制目标函数的基础上优化PI控制参数,以此实现变频造纸机双闭环调速的优化控制。实验结果表明,在干扰环境中所提方法可高效、稳定地实现控制。

弹簧刚度对敏感波纹密封件特性影响的分析

对某些特殊性能的波纹管,可以采取在波纹管内腔或外部配置圆柱螺旋弹簧的方式。本文通过对弹簧数据、p-w曲线特性数据的分析,包括均布力刚度、压力灵敏度、重复性误差、迟滞误差、最大量程等数据,同时通过Ansys软件对密封组件进行受力分析,探究弹簧对测量类敏感类波纹管组件的影响。结果表明,加入弹簧后,波纹管组件特性有改善,均布力刚度下降,压力灵敏度升高,重复性误差、迟滞误差、最大量程等减小,并且通过选择合适刚度的弹簧,可以使组件性能达到最佳。

Studying the relationship between clinical features and mental health among late-onset myasthenia gravis patients

BACKGROUND Mental disorders are common comorbidities among individuals with neurological diseases, and the prevalence of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms in newly referred patients at neurology outpatient clinics is high. There have been few studies on the mental health of patients with late-onset myasthenia gravis(MG).AIM To examine the relationship between clinical features and the mental health symptoms within late-onset MG patients.METHODS A total of 105 patients diagnosed with MG were recruited consecutively from a neuromuscular outpatient clinic between December 2020 and February 2021. Patients were classified into two groups: early-onset MG(age at onset < 50 years, n = 63) and late-onset MG(age at onset ≥ 50 years, n = 42). Social demographic data and information about marital status, education level, clinical symptoms, serum antibody levels, and therapies used were collected for all participants. Participants were also evaluated using the Myasthenia Gravis Composite scale, the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living scale, the Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15(MG-QOL-15) questionnaire, the 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A). The relationship between clinical features and mental health in late-onset MG patients was examined using multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTS Late-onset MG patients were more prone to dyspnea, had higher levels of serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, and higher total scores on the MG-QOL-15, HAM-D, and HAM-A questionnaires, than early-onset MG patients had(P < 0.05). Among those with late-onset MG, female patients had higher total HAM-D and HAM-A scores than male patients had(P < 0.05). High scores on the QOL-15 questionnaire were associated with higher incidences of anxiety and depression, and the association was found to be independent after adjusting for confounding risk factors. In the late-onset subgroup, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the MG-QOL-15 score-based diagnostic accuracy for anxiety and depression state were 0.816(P = 0.001) and 0.983(P < 0.001), respectively.CONCLUSION Higher MG-QOL-15 scores were a risk factor for anxiety and depression in late-onset MG, and women with late-onset MG were more likely to have anxiety and depression than men were.

数字经济发展对民营企业韧性的影响

民营经济是助推中国经济高质量发展的重要力量。利用2010—2020年沪深A股上市公司数据,将宏观层面数字经济数据和微观企业数据相匹配,从韧性角度实证分析数字经济对民营企业韧性的影响,指出数字经济能够显著提升民营企业韧性;基于区域、企业规模和类型异质性分析结果,发现数字经济对东部地区、规模较小和高技术民营企业韧性的提升作用更大。提出从实施差异化支持政策、完善民营企业增信体系、加强政策帮扶等方面提高数字经济对民营企业韧性正向影响的建议,旨为促进民营企业高质量发展提供参考和借鉴。

2022年青岛地区鸡源和鸭源多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌流行情况

为了分析青岛地区鸡源和鸭源多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌的流行特征,并为多黏菌素的临床应用提供参考依据,本试验于山东省青岛市屠宰场采集鸡源和鸭源粪便样本,通过多黏菌素培养基分离大肠杆菌;分别采用琼脂稀释法、PCR、接合试验和全基因组测序,分析菌株的药物敏感性、耐药基因和毒力因子流行特征、系统发育群、mcr-1基因可转移性和遗传环境。结果显示,本试验从133份粪便样本中共分离获得26株多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌,总分离率为19.55%(26/133),其中鸭源菌株分离率(24.24%,16/66)高于鸡源菌株(14.93%,10/67)。药物敏感性分析结果显示,所有菌株对替加环素和美罗培南全部敏感,对其余测试药物耐药率较高(42.31%~100%),所有分离菌株均存在多重耐药现象,鸡源菌株多重耐药较为分散,而鸭源菌株多重耐药集中于6和9重。26株分离菌株均携带黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1;其余耐药基因携带率介于7.69%~96.15%,tet(B)基因仅在鸡源菌株中携带(20.00%),qnrS基因在鸡源菌株中携带率(30.00%)显著低于鸭源(100%)。毒力因子检测发现,tarT、aer、pap和neuC基因在鸡源菌株中的携带率(90.00%、70.00%、50.00%和30.00%)高于鸭源(62.50%、12.50%、0%和0%)。系统发育群结果显示,青岛地区多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌的主要系统发育群为A组,占比为76.92%。接合试验证实了部分mcr-1具有可转移性。mcr-1遗传环境结果显示,mcr-1上、下游并未发现插入序列。结果表明,mcr-1仍旧是导致禽源多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌流行的主要“元凶”,但鸡源和鸭源多黏菌素耐药菌株在耐药性、耐药基因和毒力因子检出率等方面表现出一定差异性。因此,mcr-1在食品动物源细菌中的流行研究和监控仍旧不可忽视。

基于模型试验的齿坎型重力锚抗滑机制

为了探究齿坎型重力式锚碇的承载特性与抗滑机制,依托贵州省牂牁江特大桥纳雍岸重力式锚碇工程,开展了相同试验条件下平底锚碇1/4埋深、齿坎锚碇1/4埋深、平底锚碇半埋深及齿坎锚碇半埋深四种工况的室内物理模型试验,并对各工况锚碇位移-荷载曲线、锚碇-地基接触应力、地基应变及地基宏观变形破坏特征进行分析。结果表明:四种工况锚碇模型的极限承载力分别为3P(平底1/4埋深)、4P(齿坎1/4埋深)、7P(平底半埋深)和8P(齿坎半埋深);同种型式锚碇模型增大埋深可以显著提升锚碇的承载能力,同等埋深条件下齿坎型重力式锚碇承载性能要优于平底重力式锚碇;齿坎构造能够充分调动地基联合承载;基于地基的宏观变形破坏特征将其变形破坏过程划分为无裂隙、裂隙初现、裂隙发展以及破坏四个阶段;对齿坎型重力式锚碇承力过程进行了力学分析,得出齿坎构造力学特性较好,对限制锚碇变位和提高锚碇承载能力作用明显。

中国科研门诊现状分析及开设循证门诊的探索——以重庆医科大学附属儿童医院为例

目的 探讨科研门诊背景下,循证门诊的运行模式和实际效果。方法 2023年2月,重庆医科大学附属儿童医院开设了科研门诊,并开放特色分支门诊——循证门诊,该门诊由循证医学及指南方法学家“坐诊”,通过运用循证研究方法,重点解决咨询者在临床研究设计、指南与共识制订与评价、系统评价与Meta分析制作与应用等方面的问题。结果截至2023年12月,循证门诊共开展科研咨询服务14次,为来自院内17个科室的28位院内人员提供方法学指导,初步取得了良好成效。结论 循证门诊的建立为促进中国科研门诊的学科多样性、提高医院科研水平提供了参考,通过提供有价值、基于循证的方法学支持,帮助临床工作者提升科研质量。

儿童激素耐药型肾病综合征基因检测临床实践指南(2024版)计划书

随着基因测序技术的发展,在儿童激素耐药型肾病综合征(SRNS)中,目前有10%~30%的SRNS儿童被诊断为单基因致病。国际儿科肾脏病学会(IPNA)推荐临床医师把基因检测作为SRNS患者的重要诊断手段,为了推进基因检测在儿童SRNS临床实践应用中的标准化和规范化,在国家重点研发计划与重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目资助下,由国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心(重庆医科大学附属儿童医院)牵头,联合国内儿童肾脏、遗传等各个领域专家,共同发起制订《儿童激素耐药型肾病综合征基因检测临床实践指南(2024版)》。计划书主要报告该指南制订的意义、目的、工作组的构建、临床问题的确定、证据的检索与评价以及推荐意见共识的产生等过程。

基于FPGA的SD卡控制器的设计

为解决SD卡大容量数据的快速存取问题,该文设计了一种基于FPGA的SD卡控制器。此控制器拥有两个Avalon主端口,采用突发DMA方式与总线上其他设备进行数据传输,无需CPU干预,提高了传输效率。控制器内部使用同步架构,通过时钟使能控制与SD卡交互的时钟频率,提高了系统稳定性。此外,利用IDE软件编写驱动函数,采用自定义组件技术将其作为独立IP核集成。在友晶科技DE2-115开发平台上验证通过,主频达到103.37 MHz,实现了数据的快速存取。