Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Mitochondrial transplantation confers protection against the effects of ischemic stroke by repressing microglial pyroptosis and promoting neurogenesis

Transferring healthy and functional mitochondria to the lateral ventricles confers neuroprotection in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Autologous mitochondrial transplantation is also beneficial in pediatric patients with cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.Thus,transplantation of functional exogenous mitochondria may be a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic disease.To explore the neuroprotective effect of mitochondria transplantation and determine the underlying mechanism in ischemic stroke,in this study we established a photo-thrombosis-induced mouse model of focal ischemia and administered freshly isolated mitochondria via the tail vein or to the injury site(in situ).Animal behavior tests,immunofluorescence staining,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,mRNA-seq,and western blotting were used to assess mouse anxiety and memory,cortical infarct area,pyroptosis,and neurogenesis,respectively.Using bioinformatics analysis,western blotting,co-immunoprecipitation,and mass spectroscopy,we identified S100 calcium binding protein A9(S100A9)as a potential regulator of mitochondrial function and determined its possible interacting proteins.Interactions between exogenous and endogenous mitochondria,as well as the effect of exogenous mitochondria on recipient microglia,were assessed in vitro.Our data showed that:(1)mitochondrial transplantation markedly reduced mortality and improved emotional and cognitive function,as well as reducing infarct area,inhibiting pyroptosis,and promoting cortical neurogenesis;(2)microglial expression of S100A9 was markedly increased by ischemic injury and regulated mitochondrial function;(3)in vitro,exogenous mitochondria enhanced mitochondrial function,reduced redox stress,and regulated microglial polarization and pyroptosis by fusing with endogenous mitochondria;and(4)S100A9 promoted internalization of exogenous mitochondria by the microglia,thereby amplifying their pro-proliferation and anti-inflammatory effects.Taken together,our findings show that mitochondrial transplantation protects against the deleterious effects of ischemic stroke by suppressing pyroptosis and promoting neurogenesis,and that S100A9 plays a vital role in promoting internalization of exogenous mitochondria.

Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Salt Engineering of PEO-Based Polymer Electrolytes

Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based polymer electrolytes show the prospect in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries;however,they present limitations of low room-temperature ionic conductivity,and interfacial incompatibility with high voltage cathodes.Therefore,a salt engineering of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide lithium salt(LiHFDF)/LiTFSI system was developed in PEO-based electrolyte,demonstrating to effectively regulate Li ion transport and improve the interfacial stability under high voltage.We show,by manipulating the interaction between PEO matrix and TFSI^(-)-HFDF^(-),the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte achieves maximum Li+conduction of 1.24×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 40℃,which is almost 3 times of the baseline.Also,the optimized polymer electrolyte demonstrates outstanding stable cycling in the LiFePO_(4)/Li and LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)/Li(3.0-4.4 V,200 cycles)based all-solid-state lithium batteries at 40℃.

Interfacial friction effects on sealing performances of elastomer packer

Elastomer sealing performance is of critical importance for downhole tools application including the use of fracturing(Frac)plugs during multi-stage hydraulic fracking.In practice sealing performances of such plugs are normally evaluated through pressure tests,and in numerical simulation studies,maximum contact stress,average contact stress and contact length data are used to determine sealing quality between a packer and casing.In previous studies,the impact of friction forces on sealing performance is often overlooked.This work aims to fill this knowledge gap in determining the influence of friction forces on elastomer packer sealing performances.We first determined the most appropriate constitutive hyperelastic model for the elastomers used in frac plug.Then we compared analytical calculation results with Finite Element Analysis simulation using a simplified tubular geometry and showed the significant influences on interfacial friction on elastomer packer stress distribution,deformation,and contact stress after setting.With the demonstration of validity of FEA method,we conducted systematic numerical simulation studies to show how the interfacial friction coefficients can affect the maximum contact stress,average contact stress,contact stress distribution,and maximum mises stress for an actual packer used in plug products.In addition,we also demonstrated how the groove in a packer can affect packer deformation and evolvement during setting with the consideration of interfacial stress.This study underscores the critical role that friction forces play in Frac plug performance and provides a new dimension for optimizing packer design by controlling interfacial interactions at the packer contact surfaces.

Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols alleviate metabolic syndrome and modulate gut microbiota of ob/ob mice

Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.

Analysis of application range of simplified models for field to thermo-field to thermionic emission processes from the cathode

Electron emission plays a dominant role in plasma-cathode interactions and is a key factor in many plasma phenomena and industrial applications.It is necessary to illustrate the various electron emission mechanisms and the corresponding applicable description models to evaluate their impacts on discharge properties.In this study,detailed expressions of the simplified formulas valid for field emission to thermo-field emission to thermionic emission typically used in the numerical simulation are proposed,and the corresponding application ranges are determined in the framework of the Murphy-Good theory,which is commonly regarded as the general model and to be accurate in the full range of conditions of the validity of the theory.Dimensionless parameterization was used to evaluate the emission current density of the Murphy-Good formula,and a deviation factor was defined to obtain the application ranges for different work functions(2.5‒5 eV),cathode temperatures(300‒6000 K),and emitted electric fields(10^(5) to 10^(10) V·m^(-1)).The deviation factor was shown to be a nonmonotonic function of the three parameters.A comparative study of particle number densities in atmospheric gas discharge with a tungsten cathode was performed based on the one-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell(PIC)with the Monte Carlo collision(MCC)method according to the aforementioned application ranges.It was found that small differences in emission current density can lead to variations in the distributions of particle number density due to changes in the collisional environment.This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting emission models for subsequent numerical simulations.

Sedimentary systems of the Oligocene Huagang Formation in the central anticline zone of the Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

The Xihu Depression is the largest hydrocarbon-bearing depression of the East China Sea Shelf Basin(also referred to as the ECSSB).However,the depositional systems and reservoir distribution of the Oligocene Huagang Formation in the Xihu Depression are still controversial.Under the guidance of sedimentology and stratigraphy,this study documented a marine-terrestrial transitional environment in the restricted bay setting of the Oligocene Huagang Formation through core description,well logging,and seismic data analysis.This study also revealed that the Oligocene Huagang Formation is dominated by tidal delta,estuary,and gravity flow deposits in the central anticline zone of the Xihu Depression.The new understanding of the sedimentary systems and the discovery of the transgressive gap in the eastern Diaoyu Islands uplift explain the origin of fine-grained sediments and the EW-trending sand bodies in the central depression and the sand bodies parallel to shoreline in the west slope belt,which cannot be explained by previous study results,such as southern transgression or fluvial deltas and even lacustrine deposition.Moreover,the tidal channels,tidal sand flats,and gravity flow sand bodies formed by the transgressive tides are high-quality reservoirs.The study will provide a basis for well placement and serve as guidance for the selection of favorable hydrocarbon exploration areas in the Xihu Depression.

Artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmic optical coherence tomography:a 12-year bibliometric analysis

AIM:To explore the current application and research frontiers of global ophthalmic optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging artificial intelligence(AI)research.METHODS:The citation data were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database(WoSCC)to evaluate the articles in application of AI in ophthalmic OCT published from January 1,2012 to December 31,2023.This information was analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R2 Advanced software,and high-impact articles were analyzed.RESULTS:In general,877 articles from 65 countries were studied and analyzed,of which 261 were published by the United States and 252 by China.The centrality of the United States is 0.33,the H index is 38,and the H index of two institutions in England reaches 20.Ophthalmology,computer science,and AI are the main disciplines involved.

Impact of uterine artery embolization on ovarian function and pregnancy outcome after uterine-fibroids treatment:A prospective study

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that originate from smooth muscle cells of the uterus.It is the most common gynecological disorder,affecting up to 80%of women of reproductive age.Uterine fibroids can cause various symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding,pelvic pain,infertility,and pregnancy complications.The treatment options for uterine fibroids include medical therapy,surgical intervention,and minimally invasive techniques.AIM To compare ovarian function of women with uterine fibroids who did or did not undergo uterine artery embolization(UAE).METHODS This prospective cohort study enrolled 87 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who underwent UAE,and 87 women with the same symptoms who did not undergo UAE but received conservative management or other treatments.The two groups were matched for age,body mass index,parity,and baseline characteristics of uterine fibroids.The primary outcome was ovarian function that was evaluated by serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),as well as ovarian reserve tests,such as antral follicle count(AFC)and ovarian volume(OV).The secondary outcome was fertility that was evaluated based on the menstrual cycle,ovulation,conception,pregnancy,and delivery.The participants were followed-up for 36 months and assessed at 1,3,6,12,24,and 36 months after treatment.RESULTS The study found that the most common minor complication of UAE was postembolization syndrome in 73.6% of women,resolving within a week.No significant differences were observed between the UAE group and the control group in serum levels of reproductive hormones(FSH,LH,E2,AMH)and ovarian reserve indicators(AFC,OV)at any point up to 36 months post-treatment.Additionally,there were no significant differences in conception,pregnancy,or delivery rates,with the average time to conception and gestational age at delivery being similar between the two groups.Birth weights were also comparable.Finally,there was no significant correlation between ovarian function,fertility indicators,and the type or amount of embolic agent used or the change in fibroids posttreatment.CONCLUSION UAE resulted in significantly positive pregnancy outcomes,no adverse events post-treatment,and is a safe and effective treatment for uterine fibroids that preserves ovarian function and fertility.

Consolidation Potential of Rural Residential Areas Based on the Village Classification

From the perspective of village classification, a set of methods for accurately measuring the potential of rural settlement consolidation are proposed. Taking Feicheng in Shandong Province as the research area, combined with the corresponding planning, a classification and evaluation system for rural residential areas was constructed to classify rural residential areas from the four levels of natural resources, economy and society, supporting facilities and livability. The theoretical and practical potential of one type of rural settlements (relocating and merger village) is mainly calculated, and the potential scale, potential level and potential spatial distribution of different regions are analyzed. (Level and spatial distribution are analyzed. The results showed that the 621 rural settlements can be divided into five types: 148 urban-rural integration villages (URIV), 41 historical and cultural villages (HCV), 56 cluster developing villages (CDV), 155 keeping and limiting villages (KLV) and 221 relocating and merger villages (RMV). According to calculations, the theoretical potential of relocating and merger village areas was 1971.47 hm2, accounting for 19.52% of the total scale of Feicheng residential areas;the comprehensive correction coefficient of each region was 0.48 - 0.70, and the revised actual potential is 1082.68 hm2, accounting for the theoretical potential 54.92% of the total. There were large spatial differences in the scale of potential in different regions. In general, the theoretical and practical potential of the central and southern regions was higher than that of the northern regions.

CUR Based Initialization Strategy for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization in Application to Hyperspectral Unmixing

Hyperspectral unmixing is a powerful tool for the remote sensing image mining. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been adopted to deal with this issue, while the precision of unmixing is closely related with the local minimizers of NMF. We present two novel initialization strategies that is based on CUR decomposition, which is physically meaningful. In the experimental test, NMF with the new initialization method is used to unmix the urban scene which was captured by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) in 1997, numerical results show that the initialization methods work well.

Induction of apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cell line by 5,7-dihydroxy-8-nitrochrysin in vitro

AIM： To investigate the effect of 5, 7-dihydroxy-8- nitrochrysin （NOChR） on apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cell line.METHODS： SGC-7901 cells were cultured in vitro and the inhibitory effect of NOChR on proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was measured by using an Ml-r assay. NOChR-induced apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 cells was detected using flow cytometry （FCM） with PI staining. DNA ladder bands were observed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The influence of NOChR on the proxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ （PPARγ）, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression of SGC-7901 cells was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS： MIF assay showed that NOChR markedly inhibited proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- dependent manner, and when ICso was 4.14 μmol/L, the potency of NOChR was 10 times than that of lead compound, chrysin （ChR, IC50 was 40.56 μmol/L）, and was similar to 5-fluorouracil （5-FU, IC50 was 4.51 μmol/L）. FCM with propidium iodide （PI） staining demonstrated that the apoptosis rates of SGC-7901 cells treated with 1.25, 5.00 and 20.00 μmol/L NOChR for 48 h were 9.8% 4- 0.2%, 36.8% 4- 1.9% and 45.5% 4- 3.5%, respectively, and were significantly higher when treated with 5.00 and 20.00 μmol/L NOChR than that with 20.00 μmol/L ChR （12.9% 4- 1.5%）. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of SGC-7901 cells with 20.00 μmol/L NOChR for 48 h resulted in typical DNA ladder bands of DNA of SGC-7901 cells, which could be eliminated by treating with 10.00 μmol/L GW9662, a blocker of PPARy. Western blot analysis revealed that after 24 h of treatment with 20.00 μmol/L NOChR, PPARgamma and Bax protein expression of SGC-7901 cells increased but Bcl-2 expression decreased; however, pre-incubation with 10.00 μmol/L GW9662 could efficiently antagonize and weaken the regulatory effect of 20.00 μmol/L NOChR on Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression of SGC-7901 cells. CONCLUSION： NOChR induces apoptosis of SGO7901 cell lines by activating PPARy and decreasing ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax.

Experimental investigation into stress-relief characteristics with upward large height and upward mining under hard thick roof

According to geological conditions of No. 3 and No. 4 coal seams （namely A3 and B4） of the Pan＇er coal mine and the parameters of panels 11223, 11224, and 11124 with fully-mechanical coal mining, we built 2D similar material simulation and FLAC3D numerical simulation models to investigate the development of mining-induced stress and the extraction effect of pressure-relief gas with large height and upward mining. Based on a comprehensive analysis of experimental data and observations, we obtained the deformation and breakage characteristics of strata overlying the coal seam, the development patterns of the mining-induced stress and fracture, and the size of the stress-relief area. The stress-relief effect was investigated and analyzed in consideration with mining height and three thick hard strata. Because of the group of three hard thick strata located in the main roof and the residual stress of mined panel 11124, the deformation, breakage, mining-induced stress and fracture development, and the stress-relief coefficient were discontinuous and asymmetrical. The breakage angle of the overlying strata, and the compressive and expansive zones of coal deformation were mainly controlled by the number, thickness, and strength of the hard stratum. Compared with the value of breakage angle derived by the traditional empirical method, the experimental value was lower than the traditional results by 3°-4°below the hard thick strata group, and by 13°-19° above the hard thick strata group. The amount of gas extracted from floor drainage roadway of B4 over 17 months was variable and the amount of gas per month differed considerably, being much smaller when panel 11223 influenced the area of the three hard thick strata. Generally, the stress-relief zone of No. 4 coal seam was small under the influence of the hard thick strata located in the main roof, which played an important role in delaying the breakage time and increasing the breakage space. In this study we gained understanding of the stress-relief mechanism influenced by the hard thick roof. The research results and engineering practice show that the main roof of the multiple hard thick strata is a critical factor in the design of panel layout and roadways for integrated coal exploitation and gas extraction, provides a theoretical basis for safe and high-efficient mining of coal resources.

Physical Layer Security with Its Applications in 5GNetworks： A Review

5G network is expected to support massive user connections and exponentially increasing wireless services,which makes network security unprecedentedly important.Unlike traditional security-guaranteeing techniques which rely heavily on cryptographic approaches at upper layers of the protocol stack,physical-layer security(PLS) solutions fully take advantages of the characteristics of wireless channels to degrade the received signal qualities at the malicious users,and realize keyless secure transmission via signal design and signal processing techniques.PLS avoids the difficulties in the distribution and management of secret keys,and provides flexible security levels through adaptive transmission protocol design.Moreover,PLS techniques match the features of 5G networks well.Therefore,the application of PLS to 5G networks is a promising solution to address the security threats.This article presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art PLS techniques,and discusses their applications in 5G networks.We first summarize the principle and advantages of PLS techniques,and point out the reasons why PLS is suitable for 5G networks.Then,we review the existing PLS methods in literature,and highlight severalPLS solutions that are expected to be applied in 5G networks.Finally,we conclude this article and figure out some further research directions.

Therapeutic plasma exchange and a double plasma molecular absorption system in the treatment of thyroid storm with severe liver injury: A case report

BACKGROUND Thyroid storm is resistant to conventional treatments including antithyroid drugs and 131I therapeutic means.Plasma exchange(PE)and double plasma molecular absorption system(DPMAS)can be used as an effective treatment for thyroid storm with severe liver injury.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a 10-day history of nausea and vomiting accompanied by yellowing of the skin and mucosa.Further,her free T3(FT3)and FT4 levels were significantly elevated,whereas her thyrotropin level was reduced.After admission,her condition continued to deteriorate,and she presented with continued high fever,vomiting,palpitation,and shortness of breath.After being diagnosed with thyroid storm,the patient was immediately treated with PE combined with DPMAS.Her symptoms improved immediately.After three PE+DPMAS treatments,and she was discharged from the hospital.She was treated with methylprednisolone and methylthimidazole.After six months,the patient spontaneously discontinued methylthimidazole treatment.Her previous clinical manifestations and liver dysfunction reoccurred.The patient was treated with PE+DPMAS two times,and her condition rapidly improved.Liver histopathology indicated immunological liver injury.CONCLUSION Our experience suggests that PE combined with DPMAS can effectively relieve the development of thyroid storm.

Rosiglitazone enhances fluorouracil-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

AIM： To examine whether and how rosiglitazone enhances apoptosis induced by fluorouracil in human colon cancer （HT-29） cells. METHODS： Human colon cancer HT-29 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with fluorouracil and/or rosiglitazone. Proliferation and growth of HT-29 cells were evaluated by MTF assay and trypan blue exclusion methods, respectively. The apoptosis of HT-29 cells was determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry using PI fluorescence staining. The expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）, Bcl-2 and Bax in HT-29 cells were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS： Although rosiglitazone at the concentration below 30 μmol/L for 72 h exerted almost no inhibitory effect on proliferation and growth of HT-29 cells, it could significantly enhance fluorouracil-induced HT-29 cell proliferation and growth inhibition. Furthermore, 10 μmol/L rosilitazone did not induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells but dramatically enhanced fluorouracil-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells. However, rosiglitazone did not improve apoptosis induced by fluorouracil in HT-29 cells pretreated with GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist. Meanwhile, the expression of Bax and PPAR7 was upregulated, while the expression of Bcl-2 was down regulated in HT-29 cells treated with rosiglitazone in a time-dependent manner. However, the effect of rosiglitazone on Bcl-2 and Bax was blocked or diminished in the presence of GW9662. CONCLUSION： Rosiglitazone enhances fluorouracilinduced apoptosis of HT-29 cells by activating PPARγ.

Manganese-Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-90 with High Blood Circulation Stability for MRI-Guided Tumor Therapy

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)as smart drug delivery systems with microenvironment-triggered release have attracted much attention for tumor therapy.However,the exploration of ZIFs in biomedicine still encounters many issues,such as inconvenient surface modification,fast drug release during blood circulation,undesired damage to major organs,and severe in vivo toxicity.To address the above issues,we developed an Mn-ZIF-90 nanosystem functionalized with an originally designed active-targeting and pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)Y1 receptor ligand[Asn28,Pro30,Trp32]-NPY(25-36)for imaging-guided tumor therapy.After Y1 receptor ligand modification,the Mn-ZIF-90 nanosystem exhibited high drug loading,better blood circulation stability,and dual breast cancer cell membrane and mitochondria targetability,further favoring specific microenvironment-triggered tumor therapy.Meanwhile,this nanosystem showed promising T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast in vivo in the tumor sites.Especially,this nanosystem with fast clean-up had almost no obvious toxicity and no damage occurred to the major organs in mice.Therefore,this nanosystem shows potential for use in imaging-guided tumor therapy.

Machine Learning and Data-Driven Techniques for the Control of Smart Power Generation Systems:An Uncertainty Handling Perspective

Due to growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental protection,smart power generation has become essential for the economical and safe operation of both conventional thermal power plants and sustainable energy.Traditional first-principle model-based methods are becoming insufficient when faced with the ever-growing system scale and its various uncertainties.The burgeoning era of machine learning(ML)and data-driven control(DDC)techniques promises an improved alternative to these outdated methods.This paper reviews typical applications of ML and DDC at the level of monitoring,control,optimization,and fault detection of power generation systems,with a particular focus on uncovering how these methods can function in evaluating,counteracting,or withstanding the effects of the associated uncertainties.A holistic view is provided on the control techniques of smart power generation,from the regulation level to the planning level.The benefits of ML and DDC techniques are accordingly interpreted in terms of visibility,maneuverability,flexibility,profitability,and safety(abbreviated as the“5-TYs”),respectively.Finally,an outlook on future research and applications is presented.

Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran and Tetrahydropyran Derivatives Catalyzed by Tungstophosphoric Acid in Ionic Liquid

Synthesis of tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives catalyzed by tungstophosphoric acid （H3PW12040） were conveniently performed with high yield from the corresponding unsaturated alcohols in ionic liquid. Sufuric acid （H2SO4）, trifluoromathanesulfonic acid （TfOH） and p-toluenesulfonic acid （TsOH） were also explored for preparing these products in ionic liquid. The catalysts and ionic liquid can be easily recovered and reused.

Sandwiched N-carbon@Co_(9)S_(8)@Graphene nanosheets as high capacity anode for both half and full lithium-ion batteries

Transition metal sulfides(TMSs) are promising candidates for replacing graphite anode in LIBs. However,the low conductivity and structural collapse caused by the large volume change during lithium insertion and extraction greatly limit its application. Herein, we report a unique design of a two-dimensional(2 D) sandwich structure of N-doped carbon@Co9 S8@graphene(N–C@Co9 S8@G) with multilayer structure. Electrochemical tests reveal that the N–C@Co9 S8@G nanosheets possess a high reversible capacity(1009 mAhg^(-1) at 0.1 Ag^(-1)), and excellent rate capability(422mAhg^(-1) at 10 Ag^(-1)) and long cycle life(853 m Ahg^(-1) at 1Ag^(-1) for 500 cycles). Experimental studies reveal that capacitive storage contributes to the high reversible capacity. The lithium storage kinetics are studied by Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Meanwhile, the potential of N–C@Co9 S8@G anode in a full cell using Li Co O2 as the cathode is also demonstrated, exhibiting a high reversible capacity of 300mAhg^(-1) cycles at 0.1Ag^(-1). The strategy proposed in this work paves the way to engineering high performance anodes in LIBs.