Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the localization of mineralization at depth can reduce the ri...Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the localization of mineralization at depth can reduce the risk in deep mineral exploration.One of the relatively poorly constrained but important factors is the hydrodynamics of mineralization.This paper reviews the principles of hydrodynamics of mineralization,especially the nature of relationships between mineralization and structures,and their applications to various types of mineralization systems in the context of hydrodynamic linkage between shallow and deep parts of the systems.Three categories of mineralization systems were examined,i.e.,magmatic-hydrothermal systems,structurally controlled hydrothermal systems with uncertain fluid sources,and hydrothermal systems associated with sedimentary basins.The implications for deep mineral exploration,including potentials for new mineral resources at depth,favorable locations for mineralization,as well as uncertainties,are discussed.展开更多
目的 基于前列腺影像报告和数据系统2.1版(Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1,PI-RADS v2.1)分析双参数磁共振成像(biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, BP-MRI)及其联合临床预测指标对前列腺癌(prostate c...目的 基于前列腺影像报告和数据系统2.1版(Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1,PI-RADS v2.1)分析双参数磁共振成像(biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, BP-MRI)及其联合临床预测指标对前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)的诊断价值。材料与方法 本研究回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年5月我院171例在进行系统活检前接受多参数磁共振成像(multiparametric MRI, MP-MRI)检查的临床可疑PCa患者病例资料。由两名经验丰富的放射科医师以PI-RADS v2.1评分系统对所有病灶的MR图像进行BP-MRI及MP-MRI评分,并将病灶分为全部病灶组、病灶位于周围带(peripheral zone, PZ)组和病灶位于移行带(transition zone, TZ)组。对PCa组及非前列腺癌(non prostate cancer, No PCa)组的BP-MRI、MP-MRI及各临床预测指标进行单因素分析及多因素分析,确立独立预测因素,并通过受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线分析两种评分及BP-MRI联合独立预测因素方案的诊断性能。结果 在全部病灶组(PZ+TZ)中,BP-MRI、MP-MRI、年龄、前列腺特异性抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density, PSAD)及游离/总前列腺特异性抗原(free/total prostate specific antigen, f/tPSA)是PCa的独立预测因素,BP-MRI与MP-MRI之间诊断效能差异无统计学意义[ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)为0.888、0.886, P>0.05]。联合模型、BP-MRI+f/tPSA、BP-MRI+PSAD的(AUC=0.937, 0.924, 0.915)诊断效能均高于MP-MRI(AUC=0.886),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),三者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);临床独立预测因素中PSAD诊断效能最高(AUC=0.837);相较于单独应用,各临床独立预测指标联合BP-MRI后诊断准确性明显提升,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而相较于年龄或f/tPSA,BP-MRI联合PSAD的综合临床诊断价值更高;在PZ或TZ组中,BP-MRI(AUC=0.821, 0.908)、MP-MRI(AUC=0.817, 0.908)是PCa的独立预测因素,两者AUC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 BP-MRI与MP-MRI对PCa的诊断效能相当,BP-MRI联合PSAD可提高诊断效能,避免临床不必要活检。展开更多
基金supported by an NSERC-DG grant(Grant No.RGPIN-2018-06458,to Chi)National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(Grant No.41930428,to Xu)。
文摘Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the localization of mineralization at depth can reduce the risk in deep mineral exploration.One of the relatively poorly constrained but important factors is the hydrodynamics of mineralization.This paper reviews the principles of hydrodynamics of mineralization,especially the nature of relationships between mineralization and structures,and their applications to various types of mineralization systems in the context of hydrodynamic linkage between shallow and deep parts of the systems.Three categories of mineralization systems were examined,i.e.,magmatic-hydrothermal systems,structurally controlled hydrothermal systems with uncertain fluid sources,and hydrothermal systems associated with sedimentary basins.The implications for deep mineral exploration,including potentials for new mineral resources at depth,favorable locations for mineralization,as well as uncertainties,are discussed.
文摘目的 基于前列腺影像报告和数据系统2.1版(Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1,PI-RADS v2.1)分析双参数磁共振成像(biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, BP-MRI)及其联合临床预测指标对前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)的诊断价值。材料与方法 本研究回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年5月我院171例在进行系统活检前接受多参数磁共振成像(multiparametric MRI, MP-MRI)检查的临床可疑PCa患者病例资料。由两名经验丰富的放射科医师以PI-RADS v2.1评分系统对所有病灶的MR图像进行BP-MRI及MP-MRI评分,并将病灶分为全部病灶组、病灶位于周围带(peripheral zone, PZ)组和病灶位于移行带(transition zone, TZ)组。对PCa组及非前列腺癌(non prostate cancer, No PCa)组的BP-MRI、MP-MRI及各临床预测指标进行单因素分析及多因素分析,确立独立预测因素,并通过受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线分析两种评分及BP-MRI联合独立预测因素方案的诊断性能。结果 在全部病灶组(PZ+TZ)中,BP-MRI、MP-MRI、年龄、前列腺特异性抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density, PSAD)及游离/总前列腺特异性抗原(free/total prostate specific antigen, f/tPSA)是PCa的独立预测因素,BP-MRI与MP-MRI之间诊断效能差异无统计学意义[ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)为0.888、0.886, P>0.05]。联合模型、BP-MRI+f/tPSA、BP-MRI+PSAD的(AUC=0.937, 0.924, 0.915)诊断效能均高于MP-MRI(AUC=0.886),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),三者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);临床独立预测因素中PSAD诊断效能最高(AUC=0.837);相较于单独应用,各临床独立预测指标联合BP-MRI后诊断准确性明显提升,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而相较于年龄或f/tPSA,BP-MRI联合PSAD的综合临床诊断价值更高;在PZ或TZ组中,BP-MRI(AUC=0.821, 0.908)、MP-MRI(AUC=0.817, 0.908)是PCa的独立预测因素,两者AUC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 BP-MRI与MP-MRI对PCa的诊断效能相当,BP-MRI联合PSAD可提高诊断效能,避免临床不必要活检。
