Effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation and adverse events after interventional therapy in older patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Bivalirudin,a direct thrombin inhibitor,is used in anticoagulation therapies as a substitute for heparin,especially during cardiovascular procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention.AIM To explore the effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation following an intervention and its influence on adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).METHODS In total,165 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial at our hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled in this study.From June 2020 to June 2022,elderly patients with ACS with complete data were selected and treated with interventional therapy.The study cohort was randomly divided into a study group(n=80,administered bivalirudin)and a control group(n=85,administered unfractionated heparin).Over a 6-mo follow-up period,differences in emergency processing times,including coronary intervention,cardiac function indicators,occurrence of cardiovascular events,and recurrence rates,were analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the study cohorts,with the observation group showing shorter emergency process times across all stages:Emergency classification;diagnostic testing;implementation of coronary intervention;and conclusion of emergency treatment(P<0.05).Furthermore,the left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group was significantly higher(P<0.05),and the creatine kinase-MB and New York Heart Association scores were CONCLUSION In elderly patients receiving interventional therapy for ACS,bivalirudin administration led to increased activated clotting time achievement rates,enhanced myocardial reperfusion,and reduced incidence of bleeding complications and adverse cardiac events.

ILK SiRNA对TGF-β_2诱导的人Tenon囊成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨小干扰RNA(the small interference RNA,SiRNA)沉默整合素链接激酶(integrin-linked kinase,ILK)基因对转化生长因子-β_2(transforming growth factor beta 2,TGF-β_2)诱导的人Tenon囊成纤维细胞(human Tenon fibroblasts,HTFs)增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:体外培养HTFs细胞,波形蛋白(Vimentin)和角蛋白(keratin)免疫荧光染色进行鉴定。实验分组包括NC组:正常对照HTFs;H+T组:HTFs+5μg/L TGF-β_2;H+T+NC SiRNA组:HTFs+5μg/L TGF-β_2+50nmol/L阴性对照SiRNA;H+T+ILK SiRNA组:HTFs+5μg/L TGF-β_2+50nmol/L ILK SiRNA。50nmol/L ILK SiRNA转染HTFs细胞,5μg/LTGF-β_2刺激后,分别利用Western-blot检测细胞内ILK的蛋白表达,CCK-8检测细胞增殖能力,Hoechst33342/PI双染检测细胞凋亡。结果:Western-blot结果显示,TGF-β_2可以明显上调HTFs细胞内ILK的表达,ILK SiRNA可以明显抑制TGF-β_2诱导的ILK蛋白表达(P<0.05)。CCK-8检测结果显示,5μg/L TGF-β_2可以促进HTFs细胞增殖,ILK SiRNA转染后48h,细胞的增殖明显受到抑制,且低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。Hoechst 33342/PI双染结果显示,TGF-β_2并不诱导HTFs细胞发生凋亡(P>0.05),但ILK SiRNA可以诱导HTFs细胞发生明显凋亡,并出现少量坏死细胞(P<0.05)。结论:ILK SiRNA可以抑制TGF-β_2诱导的HTFs增殖,并诱导HTFs细胞发生凋亡。

Effects of transforming growth factor β2 and connective tissue growth factor on induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis in human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.

Application of sustained delivery microsphere of cyclosporine A for preventing posterior capsular opacification in rabbits

AIM:To explore the inhibitory effect of a sustained cyclosporin A (CsA) delivery microsphere (CsA-MS) on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in rabbit eyes after cataract extraction. ·METHODS:Twenty New Zealand white rabbits accepted cataract extraction plus intraocular lens implantation and their left eyes were intraoperatively injected CsA-MS prepared using polymer polylactioglycolic acid (PLGA) as a carrier and their right eyes were injected with empty MS. The changes in cornea, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure, PCO and CsA concentration in aqueous humor were examined postoperatively and all the eyes were enucleated 3 months after surgery for histopathological and morphological examination with light microscopy and electron microscopy. · RESULTS:Conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber response of experimental and control eyes were similar, while PCO in CsA MS injected eyes was greatly improved compared with that in control eyes. Posterior capsules in CsA-MS injected eyes were smooth and lens epithelial cells (LEC) did not proliferate significantly (P 】0.05), while LEC in posterior capsule of control eyes had different degrees of proliferation and cortical regeneration. LEC in CsA-MS injected eyes were not functionally active and underwent apoptosis, whereas LEC in control eyes were functionally active (F-test, P =0.025). In addition, the cornealultrastructure showed no differences between CsA-MS and MS injected eyes. CONCLUSION:CsA-MS has high bioavailability in rabbit eyes and could inhibit postoperative PCO occurrence and development during the study period, suggesting that CsA-MS may be a promising, effective and safe administration route to prevent PCO in clinic.

Intraocular pressure control of a novel glaucoma drainage device-in vitro and in vivo studies

AIM：To evaluate the intraocular pressure（IOP）control of an artificial trabeculum drainage system（ATDS）,a newly designed glaucoma drainage device,and postoperative complications in normal rabbit eyes.METHODS：Pressure drops in air and fluid of 30 ATDS were measured after being connected to a closed manometric system.Twenty of them were then chosen and implanted randomly into the eyes of 20 rabbits.Postoperative slitlamp,gonioscopic examination and IOP measurements were recorded periodically.Ultrasound biomicroscopy and B-scan ultrasonography were also used to observe the complications.Eyes were enucleated on day 60.RESULTS：Pressure drops of 4.6-9.4 mm Hg were obtained at physiological aqueous flow rates in the tests in vitro.The average postoperative IOP of the experimental eyes（11.6-12.8 mm Hg）was lower than the controls significantly（P〈0.05）at each time point.Complications of hemorrhage（n=1）,cellulosic exudation（two cases）and local iris congestion（two cases）were observed.The lumina of the devices were devoid of obstructions in all specimens examined and a thin fibrous capsule was found around the endplate.CONCLUSION：ATDS reduce IOP effectively.However,further studies on the structure are needed to reduce complications.

Influence of Precursor Powder Fabrication Methods on the Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Tapes

Bi-2223 precursor powders are prepared by both oxalate co-precipitation(CP) and spray pyrolysis(SP) methods.The influence of fabrication methods on the superconducting properties of Bi-2223 tapes are systematically studied. Compared to the CP method, SP powder exhibits spherical particle before calcination and smaller particle size after calcinations with more uniform chemical composition, which leads to a lower reaction temperature during calcination process for Bi-2223 tapes. Meanwhile, the non-superconducting phases in SP powder are more uniformly distributed with smaller particle sizes. These features result in finer homogeneity of critical current in large-length of Bi-2223 tape, higher density of filaments and better texture after heat treatment. Therefore,the SP method could be considered as a better route to prepare precursor powder for large-length Bi-2223 tape fabrication.

Heat treatment on phase evolution of Bi-2223 precursor powder prepared by spray pyrolysis method

The phase evolution of Bi-2223 precursor powder prepared by spray pyrolysis method is studied with different heat treatment parameters. The results show that the reaction temperature and phase composition of precursor powder depend on heat treatment atmosphere. Phase assemblage of(Bi,Pb)-2212, AEC, CuO, and small Bi-2201 can be obtained by heat-treated in N2-0.1%O_2 atmosphere. For precursor powder, there is sufficient reaction process at 770℃, and the dimension of Bi-2212 phase increases rapidly with the increase of heat treatment temperature and time. The dimension of AEC phase also increases by extending heat treatment time. As a balance among phase assemblage, dimension of particle and adequate reaction, a reasonable precursor powder can be obtained by heat-treated at 770℃ for 12 h–16 h in N2-0.1%O_2 atmosphere. Critical current of 37-filament Bi-2223 tape is about 120 A, which confirms that these heat treatment parameters are reasonable.

Interaction between serum inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cognitive function among first-episode schizophrenia patients

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia(SCZ)remains unclear.Accumulating studies showed that inflammatory-immune dysregulation and altered brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels play a crucial role in the psychopathology of SCZ.However,their association with cognitive dysfunction in first-episode SCZ patients has not been thoroughly investigated.AIM To explore the interaction effects between cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines and BDNF in first-episode SCZ.METHODS The current study is a cross-sectional case-control investigation that recruited 84 patients with first-episode SCZ(SCZ group)and 80 healthy controls(HCs group)at the Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital between August 2021 and September 2023.ELISA was employed to measure the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and BDNF.The Chinese brief cognitive test(C-BCT)and the positive and negative syndrome scales were measured the severity of cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms.RESULTS Compared to the HC group,the SCZ group exhibited elevated IL-1βand IL-6 levels,decreased BDNF levels,and reduced C-BCT scores(all P<0.001).In SCZ,BDNF was negatively correlated with IL-6(r=-0.324,P<0.05).Information processing speed was negatively correlated with IL-6(r=-0.315,P<0.05)and positively with BDNF(r=0.290,P<0.05);attention,working memory,comprehensive ability,and executive function were negatively correlated with IL-1βand IL-6(all P<0.05)and positively with BDNF(all P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed IL-6 influenced C-BCT dimensions(β=-0.218 to-0.327,all P<0.05);attention and executive ability were influenced by IL-1β(β=-0.199 to-0.261,all P<0.05);comprehensive executive ability was influenced by BDNF(β=0.209,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that interrelationships between immune dysfunction and neurotrophic deficiency might underlie the pathological mechanisms of cognitive impairments in first-episode SCZ patients.

Effects of Low-dose Triamcinolone Acetonide on Rat Retinal Progenitor Cells under Hypoxia Condition

Background： Retinal degenerative diseases are the leading causes of blindness in developed world. Retinal progenitor cells （RPCs） play a key role in retina restoration. Triamcinolone acetonide （TA） is widely used for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TA on RPCs in hypoxia condition. Methods： RPCs were primary cultured and identified by immunofluorescence staining. Cells were cultured under normoxia, hypoxia 6 h, and hypoxia 6 h with TA treatment conditions, For the TA treatment groups, after being cultured under hypoxia condition for 6 h, RPCs were treated with different concentrations of TA for 48-72 h. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was employed to examine the expression ofcyclin D 1, Akt, p-Akt, nuclear factor （N F）-KB p65, and caspase-3. Results： CCK-8 assays indicated that the viability of RPCs treated with 0.01 mg/ml TA in hypoxia group was improved after 48 h, comparing with control group （P 〈 0.05）. After 72 h, the cell viability was enhanced in both 0.0l mg/ml and 0.02 mg/ml TA groups compared with control group （all P 〈 0.05）. Flow cytometry revealed that there were more cells in S-phase in hypoxia 6 h group than in normoxia control group （P 〈 0.05）. RPCs in S and G2/M phases decreased in groups given TA, comparing with other groups （all P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the total Akt protein expression among different groups, whereas upregulation of p-Akt and NF-KB p65 protein expression and downregulation of caspase-3 and cyclin DI protein expression were observed in 0.01 mg/ml TA group, comparing with hypoxia 6 h group and control group （all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Low-dose TA has anti-apoptosis effect on RPCs while it has no stimulatory effect on cell proliferation.