Natural rubber latex as a potential additive for water-based drilling fluids

The environmental hazards and"carbon footprint"of oil and gas drilling can be significantly reduced by replacing traditional petroleum-based chemical additives with natural materials derived from plants and animals.This paper explored for the first time the interaction mechanism between natural rubber latex(NRL)and bentonite suspensions(BTs)through a series of characterization experiments,as well as the potential applications in water-based drilling fluids(WBDF).The gel viscoelasticity experiments showed that NRL could decrease the consistency coefficient(k)and flow index(n)of BTs,and enhance the shear thinning performance of BTs as pseudo-plastic fluids.In addition,0.5 w/v%NRL not only increased the critical yield stress and strengthened the structural strength between the bentonite particles,but also facilitated the compatibility of pressure loss and flow efficiency.The evaluation of colloidal stability and WBDF performance indicated that NRL particles could promote the hydration and charge stability on the surface of BTs particles,and optimize the particle size distribution and flow resistance of WBDF under the"intercalation-exfoliation-encapsulation"synergistic interaction.Moreover,NRL can improve the rheological properties of WBDF at high temperatures(<150.C),and form a dense blocking layer by bridging and sealing the pores and cracks of the filter cake,which ultimately reduces the permeability of the cake and the filtration loss of WBDF.

Chemical modification of barite for improving the performance of weighting materials for water-based drilling fluids

With increasing drilling depth and large dosage of weighting materials,drilling fluids with high solid content are characterized by poor stability,high viscosity,large water loss,and thick mud cake,easier leading to reservoir damage and wellbore instability.In this paper,micronized barite(MB)was modified(mMB)by grafting with hydrophilic polymer onto the surface through the free radical polymerization to displace conventional API barite partly.The suspension stability of water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs)weighted with API barite:mMB=2:1 in 600 g was significantly enhanced compared with that with API barite/WBDFs,exhibiting the static sag factor within 0.54 and the whole stability index of 2.The viscosity and yield point reached the minimum,with a reduction of more than 40%compared with API barite only at the same density.Through multi-stage filling and dense accumulation of weighting materials and clays,filtration loss was decreased,mud cake quality was improved,and simultaneously it had great reservoir protection performance,and the permeability recovery rate reached 87%.In addition,it also effectively improved the lubricity of WBDFs.The sticking coefficient of mud cake was reduced by 53.4%,and the friction coefficient was 0.2603.Therefore,mMB can serve as a versatile additive to control the density,rheology,filtration,and stability of WBDFs weighted with API barite,thus regulating comprehensive performance and achieving reservoir protection capacity.This work opened up a new path for the productive drilling of extremely deep and intricate wells by providing an efficient method for managing the performance of high-density WBDFs.

脉冲射频联合普瑞巴林治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效及对血清炎症因子和免疫水平的影响

目的探讨脉冲射频联合普瑞巴林治疗带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)的疗效及对血清炎症因子和免疫水平的影响。方法选取2019年1月—2020年1月辽宁省人民医院收治的PHN患者100例为研究对象,随机分为观察组(脉冲射频联合普瑞巴林治疗)和对照组(脉冲射频治疗),每组50例。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量评分法(PSQI)评价两组治疗前后疼痛程度和睡眠质量。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测两组治疗前后血清疼痛介质指标(血清β-内啡肽、神经降压肽、降钙素基因相关肽、神经生长因子诱导蛋白)和血清炎症因子(肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8和C反应蛋白)水平。采用液相免疫散射速率比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM及补体C3、C4水平。采用FACS Calibur流式细胞仪检测治疗前后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和NK细胞水平,并依据数值计算CD4+/CD8+比值。结果观察组治疗前后VAS、PSQI评分的差值高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗前后血清疼痛介质指标、炎症因子、免疫球蛋白的差值高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗前后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值和NK细胞的差值高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论脉冲射频联合普瑞巴林治疗PHN可有效缓解患者疼痛,改善睡眠,减轻炎症反应,促进机体免疫功能恢复。

Comparison of endoscopic submucosal dissection with surgical gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: An updated meta-analysis

BACKGROUND There are several surgical options for treating early gastric cancers(EGCs), such as endoscopic resection, laparoscopic or open gastrectomy with D1 or D2 lymphadenectomy. Endoscopic resection for EGC with low risk of lymph node metastasis has been widely accepted as a therapeutic alternative. The role of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) in treating EGC is not well established,especially when compared with resection surgery cases in a long-term follow-up scope.AIM To compare the safety and efficacy of the short-and long-term outcomes between ESD and resection surgery.METHODS We searched the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to June 2018, enrolling studies reporting short-or long-term outcomes of ESD in comparison with resection surgery for EGC. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Stata software(version 12.0) was used for the analysis. Pooling analysis was conducted using either fixed-or random-effects models depending on heterogeneity across studies.RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 5112 patients were eligible for analysis(2402 for EGC and 2710 for radical surgery). Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the ESD approach showed advantages through decreased operation time [weighted mean difference(WMD):-140.02 min, 95%CI:-254.23 to-34.82 min, P = 0.009], shorter hospital stay(WMD:-5.41 d, 95% CI:-5.93 to-4.89 d, P < 0.001), and lowerpostoperative complication rate [Odds ratio(OR) = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.28-0.55, P <0.001). Meanwhile, EGC patients who underwent ESD had higher recurrence rate(OR = 9.24, 95%CI: 5.94-14.36, P < 0.001) than resection surgery patients.However, the long-term survival including overall survival [Hazard ratio(HR) =0.51, 95%CI: 0.26-1.00, P = 0.05] and event-free survival(HR = 1.59, 95%CI: 0.66-9.81, P = 0.300) showed no significant differences between these two groups.CONCLUSION In the treatment of EGC, ESD was safe and feasible in comparison with resection surgery, with advantages in several surgical and post-operative recovery parameters. Although the recurrence rate was higher in ESD group, the longterm survival was still comparable in these two groups, suggesting ESD could be recommended as standard treatment for EGC with indications.

Bioactivity of five components of Chinese herbal formula Jiangzhi granules against hepatocellular steatosis

OBJECTIVE： This study aims to evaluate the bioactivity of five components of the traditional Chinese medicine complex prescription Jiangzhi granules against hepatocellular steatosis. METHODS： The five major components, including protopanaxadiol, tanshinone IIA, emodin, chlorogenic acid, and nuciferine, were extracted from Jiangzhi granules. Their cytotoxicity was assessed to determine the safe dose of each component for HepG2 cells. HepG2 cellular steatosis was induced using 1 mmol/L of free fatty acids （FFAs） for 24 h, and then treated with each component at high, intermediate, and low doses （500, 50, and 5 μmol/L）, respectively for another 24 h. The effects on HepG2 steatosis were observed directly under optical phase microscopy, or through oil red O staining and Nile red assays. In addition, the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the steatotic HepG2 cells with and without high-dose protopanaxadiol treatment were measured using fluorescent dye 2＇,7＇-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. RESULTS： No obvious cytotoxicity was observed in the HepG2 cells incubated with each of the five components at up to 500μmol/L. At 24 h after incubation with FFAs, the HepG2 cells swelled and many lipid droplets accumulated. The lipid content was attenuated after 24 h of incubation with protopanaxadiol, tanshinone IIA, and emodin at 500 or 50 μmol/L （P 〈 0.05）, especially with 500 μmol/L protopanaxadiol （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, the ROS level was elevated in steatotic cells, but decreased after intervention with 500μmol/L protopanaxadiol （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Protopanaxadiol, tanshinone IIA, and emodin alleviate hepatocellular steatosis in a dose-dependent manner, and oxidative stress regulation may partially contribute to the effects of protopanaxadiol. ：

Qinggan Huoxue Recipe suppresses epithelial-tomesenchymal transition in alcoholic liver fibrosis through TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which Qinggan Huoxue Recipe (QGHXR) inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in rats with alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF).METHODS: A total of 75 male SD rats were used to induce ALF. Serum biochemical indicators, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, laminin and hyaluronidase, were measured. Liver histopathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining. EMT was examined by analyzing the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin using RT-PCR and Western blot. The inhibitory effect of QGHXR on EMT markers, as well as its effect on molecules associated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-&#x003b2;1/Smad signaling pathway, including TGF-&#x003b2;1, Smad3, snail, occludin, ZO-1 and claudin, was also examined.RESULTS: Compared with normal control rats, ALF rats exhibited a decrease in E-cadherin levels (mRNA: ALF 0.16 &#x000b1; 0.05 vs control 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.08; protein: ALF 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.05 vs control 0.70 &#x000b1; 0.17, P &#x0003c; 0.01) and an increase in vimentin and fibronectin levels (mRNA: 11.43 &#x000b1; 0.39 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.19 and 9.91 &#x000b1; 0.34 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.44, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 1.13 &#x000b1; 0.42 vs 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.03 and 1.16 &#x000b1; 0.43 vs 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.00, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01). This indicates that EMT occurred in ALF rats. In addition, the TGF-&#x003b2;1/Smad signaling pathway was activated in ALF rats, as evidenced by the increase in TGF-&#x003b2;1 and snail levels (mRNA: 1.76 &#x000b1; 0.12 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.05 and 6.98 &#x000b1; 0.41 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.10, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 1.43 &#x000b1; 0.05 vs 0.12 &#x000b1; 0.03 and 1.07 &#x000b1; 0.29 vs 0.07 &#x000b1; 0.02, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01) and the decrease in Smad3 levels (mRNA: 0.05 &#x000b1; 0.01 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.12, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 0.06 &#x000b1; 0.05 vs 0.89 &#x000b1; 0.12, P &#x0003c; 0.01). Furthermore, levels of the tight junction markers occludin, ZO-1 and claudin decreased in ALF rats compared with healthy control rats (mRNA: 0.60 &#x000b1; 0.09 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.12, 0.11 &#x000b1; 0.00 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.12 and 0.60 &#x000b1; 0.01 vs 1.00 &#x000b1; 0.08, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 0.05 &#x000b1; 0.01 vs 0.87 &#x000b1; 0.40, 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.05 vs 0.89 &#x000b1; 0.18 and 0.04 &#x000b1; 0.03 vs 0.95 &#x000b1; 0.21, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01). In ALF rats treated with QGHXR, E-cadherin levels increased (mRNA: QGHXR 0.67 &#x000b1; 0.04 vs ALF model 0.16 &#x000b1; 0.05, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: QGHXR 0.66 &#x000b1; 0.21 vs ALF model 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.05, P &#x0003c; 0.01), and vimentin and fibronectin levels decreased (mRNA: 6.57 &#x000b1; 1.05 vs 11.43 &#x000b1; 0.39 and 1.45 &#x000b1; 1.51 vs 9.91 &#x000b1; 0.34, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.03 vs 1.13 &#x000b1; 0.42 and 0.10 &#x000b1; 0.01 vs 1.16 &#x000b1; 0.43, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01). In addition, QGHXR inhibited the expression of TGF-&#x003b2;1 and increased the expression of Smad3 (mRNA: 1.03 &#x000b1; 0.11 vs 1.76 &#x000b1; 0.12, 0.70 &#x000b1; 0.10 vs 0.05 &#x000b1; 0.01, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.05 and P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 0.12 &#x000b1; 0.03 vs 1.43 &#x000b1; 0.05 and 0.88 &#x000b1; 0.20 vs 0.06 &#x000b1; 0.05, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01). QGHXR treatment also reduced the levels of the EMT-inducing transcription factor snail (mRNA: 2.28 &#x000b1; 0.33 vs 6.98 &#x000b1; 0.41, P &#x0003c; 0.01; protein: 0.08 &#x000b1; 0.02 vs 1.07 &#x000b1; 0.29, P &#x0003c; 0.01) and increased the occludin, ZO-1 and claudin levels (mRNA: 0.73 &#x000b1; 0.05 vs 0.60 &#x000b1; 0.09, 0.57 &#x000b1; 0.04 vs 0.11 &#x000b1; 0.00 and 0.68 &#x000b1; 0.03 vs 0.60 &#x000b1; 0.01, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01, P &#x0003c; 0.01 and P &#x0003c; 0.05; protein: 0.92 &#x000b1; 0.50 vs 0.05 &#x000b1; 0.01, 0.94 &#x000b1; 0.22 vs 0.09 &#x000b1; 0.05 and 0.94 &#x000b1; 0.29 vs 0.04 &#x000b1; 0.03, respectively, P &#x0003c; 0.01). The effects of QGR and HXR on the TGF-&#x003b2;1/Smad signaling pathway were similar to that of QGHXR; however, the QGR- and HXR-induced changes in vimentin mRNA levels, the QGR-induced changes in fibronectin mRNA levels and the HXR-induced changes in snail and TGF-&#x003b2;1 mRNA levels were not significant.CONCLUSION: Qinggan Huoxue Recipe inhibits EMT in ALF rats by modulating the TGF-&#x003b2;1/Smad signaling pathway, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the amelioration of ALF induced by QGHXR is associated with this pathway.

丙泊酚调控自噬机制的研究进展

自噬是细胞内溶酶体参与的降解受损细胞器或大分子物质的过程,生理状态下真核细胞通过较低程度的自噬维持组织内稳态平衡。近年来多项研究显示自噬参与缺血、缺氧等所致疾病的病理生理过程。丙泊酚作为常用的静脉麻醉药,广泛应用于各类手术中,研究表明丙泊酚通过抑制缺血/再灌注、缺氧/复氧等诱导的自噬性细胞死亡发挥保护作用,同时也有研究表明丙泊酚可激活自噬进而发挥抗肿瘤作用。目前关于丙泊酚调控自噬的研究涉及AMPK/mTOR、Bcl/Beclin、Ca^(2+)、miRNA等多种细胞信号通路,本文基于最新研究就丙泊酚调控自噬的相关机制作一综述。

MiR-25-3p attenuates the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113

Objective:To investigate the effects of miR-25-3p on the occurrence,development and proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.Methods:To establish tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 that stably and highly express miR-25-3p using recombinant reiroviral vector-mediated gene transfer method.The proliferation of transfected Tca8113 was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT)and cell colony formation assays.eyclnD1,p21^(cipt)and p27^(kipt)mRNA expressions in the transfected Tca-8113 were detected by quantitative PCR.cyclinD1,p21^(cipt),p27^(kipt),AKT,p-AKT,FOXOt and p-FOX01 expressions in the transfected Tca8113 were detected by western blot analysis.In addition,miR-25-3p expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line and tissue specimen was also detected by quantitative PCR.Results:Quantitative PCR showed that mitt-25-3p expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and tissue specimen was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissue.MTT and cell colony formation assays showed that after miR-25-3p overexpression,the proliferation of transfected Tca8113 was obviously attenuated.Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR showed that after miR-25-3p overexpression.p21^(cipt)and p27^(kipt)expressions were upregulated,while cyclinD1,AKT,FOXO1 expressions were downregulated,and AKT and FOXO1 phosphorylation was inactivated in the transfected Tca8113 cells.Conclusions:MiR-25-3p inhibited the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and regulated cell cycle-related protein expression,playing an important role in the occurrence and development of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Preparation and properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement and its application as lost circulation materials

Loss of drilling fluids in large porous and fractured zones inevitably up-regulates the overall cost of drilling.As a type of acid-soluble cement,magnesium oxysulfate(MOS)cement is arousing huge attention for the less hygroscopic nature and less damaging to steel casings compared with magnesium oxychloride(MOC)cement.The present study developed MOS cement as a fast setting,high strength and acid-soluble lost circulation material to reduce the problem of losses.As suggested in this study,a higher strength of MOS cement at 70℃could be achieved by elevating M_(g)O/MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O molar ratio or downregulating H_(2)O/MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O molar ratio.Boric acid and borax could act as effective retarders.Plugging slurry based on MOS cement could effectively block the simulated porous loss zones exhibiting a diameter from 1.24 mm to 1.55 mm,as well as the fractured loss zones with a width from 2 mm to 5 mm and bearing a pressure difference up to 8 MPa.Permeability recovery test demonstrated that it facilitated future oil and gas production.The successful field application in the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China verified the significant plugging effect of MOS cement for severe loss problems.

High-dose thalidomide increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis but might induce peripheral neuropathy. This major adverse reaction has attracted much concern. The current study aimed to observe the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy among an- kylosing spondylitis patients for 1 year after treatment. In this study, 207 ankylosing spondylitis cases received thalidomide treatment, while 116 ankylosing spondylitis cases received other treat- ments. Results showed that the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy in the thalidomide group was higher than that in the non-thalidomide group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of neuropathy between the 〈 6 months medication and 〉 6 months medication groups. There were no differences in the mean age, gender, or daily dose between the two groups. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy among patients receiving 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg thalidomide per day was 4.6%, 8.5%, 17.1%, 21.7%, respectively. The incidence was significantly different between the groups receiving 25 mg and 100 mg thalidomide. In conclu- sion, thalidomide can induce peripheral neuropathy within 1 year after treatment of ankylosing spondylitis; however, age and gender have no obvious impact on the incidence of peripheral neuropathy. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy is associated with increasing daily doses of thalidomide.

A 4×4 metal-semiconductor-metal rectangular deep-ultraviolet detector array of Ga_(2)O_(3)photoconductor with high photo response

A 4×4 beta-phase gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2)O_(3))deep-ultraviolet(DUV)rectangular 10-fingers interdigital metalsemiconductor-metal(MSM)photodetector array of high photo responsivity is introduced.The Ga2O_(3)thin film is prepared through the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique,then used to construct the photodetector array via photolithography,lift-off,and ion beam sputtering methods.The one photodetector cell shows dark current of 1.94 p A,phototo-dark current ratio of 6×10_(7),photo responsivity of 634.15 A·W^(-1),specific detectivity of 5.93×1011cm·Hz1/2·W^(-1)(Jones),external quantum efficiency of 310000%,and linear dynamic region of 108.94 d B,indicating high performances for DUV photo detection.Furthermore,the 16-cell photodetector array displays uniform performances with decent deviation of 19.6%for photo responsivity.

Infection-associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19

Infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome(IAHS),a severe complication of various infections,is potentially fatal.This study aims to determine whether IAHS occurs in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We conducted a retrospective observational study on 268 critically ill patients with COVID-19 between February 1st,2020 and February 26th,2020.Demographics,clinical characteristics,laboratory results,information on concurrent treatments and outcomes were collected.A diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(sHLH)was made when the patients had an HScore greater than 169.Histopathological examinations were performed to confirm the presence of hemophagocytosis.Of 268 critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection,17(6.3%)patients had an HScore greater than 169.All the 17 patients with sHLH died.The interval from the onset of symptom of COVID-19 to the time of a diagnosis of sHLH made was 19 days and the interval from the diagnosis of sHLH to death was 4 days.Ten(59%)patients were infected with only SARS-CoV-2.Hemophagocytosis in the spleen and the liver,as well as lymphocyte infiltration in the liver on histopathological examinations,was found in 3 sHLH autopsy patients.Mortality in sHLH patients with COVID-19 is high.And SARS-CoV-2 is a potential trigger for sHLH.Prompt recognition of IAHS in critically ill patients with COVID-19 could be beneficial for improving clinical outcomes.

Eco-friendly aqueous foam stabilized by cellulose microfibers with great salt tolerance and high temperature resistance

A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herein,an ultra-stable aqueous foam was developed using the biodegradable cellulose microfiber(CMF)as a foam stabilizer.The foam stabilized by CMF shows excellent tolerance to the high concentration of NaCl(6.0 wt%)and CaCl_(2)(0.25 wt%)and the related drainage half-life times(T_(0.5))reach 1750 and 2340 s respectively.By contrast,the foams without CMF are completely drained(T_(0.5)=0 s)when NaCl concentration is greater than 6.0 wt%or CaCl_(2) concentration is greater than 0.20 wt%.Notably,T0.5 of the foams stabilized by CMF at these saline concentrations still can maintain above 1000 s even after aging at 120℃ for 16 h,exhibiting an outstanding foam-stabilizing performance at high temperature.Experimental results suggest that the salt and high-temperature tolerance of CMF in foam stabilization is attributed to the electrically uncharged surfaces,the formation of a gel-like structure and the excellent thermal stability.This work not only provides a promising candidate of aqueous foam stabilizer to deal with high temperature and high salinity but also presents a natural-based solution for an environmentally friendly drilling industry in the future.

Integration of a fused silica capillary and in-situ Raman spectroscopy for investigating CO_(2) solubility in n-dodecane at near-critical and supercritical conditions of CO_(2)

To determine the solubility of CO_(2)in n-dodecane at T=303.15-353.15 K,P≤11.00 MPa,an integrated fused silica capillary and in-situ Raman spectroscopy system was built.The Raman peak intensity ratio(I_(CO_(2))/IC-H)between the upper band of CO_(2)Fermi diad(I_(CO_(2)))and the C-H stretching band of n-dodecane(IC-H)was employed to determine the solubility of CO_(2)in n-dodecane based on the calibrated correlation equation between the known CO_(2)molality in n-dodecane and the I_(CO_(2))/IC-Hratio with R^(2)=0.9998.The results indicated that the solubility of CO_(2)decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing pressure.The maximum CO_(2)molality(30.7314 mol/kg)was obtained at 303.15 K and7.00 MPa.Finally,a solubility prediction model(lnS=(P-A)/B)based on the relationship with temperature(T in K)and pressure(P in MPa)was developed,where S is CO_(2)molality,A=-8×10^(-6)T^(2)+0.0354T-8.1605,and B=0.0405T-10.756.The results indicated that the solubilities of CO_(2)derived from this model were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Silencing Filamin A Inhibits the Invasion and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells by Up-regulating 14-3-3σ

Filamin A and 14-3-3-σ are closely associated with the development of breast cancer. However, the exact relationship between them is still unknown. The present study aimed to examine the interaction of filamin A with 14-3-3-σ in the invasion and migration of breast cancer. RNA interference technology was employed to silence filamin A in MDA-MB-231 cells. Real-time PCR and Westem blotting were used to detect the expression of filamin A and 14-3-3-σ at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Double immunofluorescence was applied to show their colocalization morphologically. Wound healing assay and Trans-well assay were used to testify the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in filamin A-silenced cells. The results showed that silencing filamin A significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of 14-3-3σ. In addition, double immunofluorescence displayed that filamin A and 14-3-3σ were predominantly colocalized in the cytoplasm of MDA-MB-231 cells. Silencing filamin A led to the enhanced fluorescence of 14-3-3σ. Furthermore, cell functional experiments showed that silencing filamin A inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. In conclusion, silencing filamin A may inhibit the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by upregulating 14-3-3σ.

Expression of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 22 in the Synovium of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats

Objective To study the expression level of peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PADI4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22(PTPN22) in the synovium of rat model of collagen-induced arthritis, and to explore their possible therapeutic role in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Thirty-two female Wistar rats weighing 100±20 g were randomly assigned into 3-week collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) model group(n=8), 4-week CIA model group(n=8), 6-week CIA model group(n=8), and the control group(n=8). The body weight changes of each group were recorded. The expression levels of PADI4 and PTPN22 were detected and compared by the methods of immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Results Arthritis of rat began to form 14 days after sensitization and the joint swelling reached peak at 28 days. The weights of the rats slowly grew both in CIA model groups and the control group. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive expression of PADI4 and PTPN22 was mainly located in cartilage peripheral mononuclear cells, the cytoplasm of infiltrated cells, and bone marrow cavity. There were significant differences in the optical density of PADI4 and PTPN22 among CIA model groups and the control group(PADI4, 0.2898±0.012, 0.2982±0.022, 0.2974±0.031, 0.2530±0.013 in 3-week CIA model, 4-week CIA model, 6-week CIA model and control groups; PTPN22, 0.2723±0.004, 0.2781±0.010, 0.2767±0.008, 0.2422±0.019; all P <0.05). The expression bands of PADI4 were observed in Western blot 3 weeks after initial immunization, the thickest in the 4th week, and decreased in the 6th week. The expression bands of PTPN2 were observed at all the time points, with no obvious time-dependent trend. Conclusions PADI4 and PTPN22 are obviously correlated with CIA in rat model. PADI4 is expressed at early stage of the disease, while the expression of PTPN22 sustains throughout the course.

Clinical management of dural defects:A review

Dural defects are common in spinal and cranial neurosurgery.A series of complications,such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage,occur after rupture of the dura.Therefore,treatment strategies are necessary to reduce or avoid complications.This review comprehensively summarizes the common causes,risk factors,clinical complications,and repair methods of dural defects.The latest research progress on dural repair methods and materials is summarized,including direct sutures,grafts,biomaterials,non-biomaterial materials,and composites formed by different materials.The characteristics and efficacy of these dural substitutes are reviewed,and these materials and methods are systematically evaluated.Finally,the best methods for dural repair and the challenges and future prospects of new dural repair materials are discussed.

The growth and expansive applications of amorphous Ga_(2)O_(3)

As a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material,gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))is attracting extensive attention of researchers due to its feasible growth process,appropriate bandgap of 4.4 e V-5.3 e V allowing for deep-ultraviolet(deepUV)detection,good physical and chemical stability,high breakdown field strength and electron mobility,etc.Different from the strict processes for controllable crystalline Ga_(2)O_(3)(usually refer to as stable monoclinicβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)),amorphous Ga_(2)O_(3)(a-Ga_(2)O_(3))film can be prepared uniformly at low temperature on a large-area deposition substrate,suggesting great advantages such as low manufacturing cost and excellent flexibility,dispensing with high-temperature and high vacuum techniques.Thus,a-Ga_(2)O_(3)extremely facilitates important applications in various applied fields.Therefore,in this concise review,we summarize several major deposition methods for a-Ga_(2)O_(3)films,of which the characteristics are discussed.Additionally,potential methods to optimize the film properties are proposed by right of the inspiration from some recent studies.Subsequently,the applications of a-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films,e.g.,in photodetectors,resistive random access memories(RRAMs)and gas sensors,are represented with a fruitful discussion of their structures and operating mechanisms.

A self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction with low noise and stable photoresponse

A self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)was successfully constructed on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction,which was fabricated by spin-coating the hydrothermally grown Bi_(2)WO_(6)onto MOCVD-grown Ga_(2)O_(3)film.The results show that a typical type-I heterojunction is formed at the interface of the Ga_(2)O_(3)film and clustered Bi_(2)WO_(6),which demonstrates a distinct photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V under the irradiation of 254 nm UV light.Moreover,the Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)PD displays excellent photodetection performance with an ultra-low dark current of~6 fA,and a high light-to-dark current ratio(PDCR)of 3.5 x 10^(4)in self-powered mode(0 V),as well as a best responsivity result of 2.21 mA/W in power supply mode(5 V).Furthermore,the PD possesses a stable and fast response speed under different light intensities and voltages.At zero voltage,the PD exhibits a fast rise time of 132 ms and 162 ms,as well as a quick decay time of 69 ms and 522 ms,respectively.In general,the newly attempted Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction may become a potential candidate for the realization of self-powered and high-performance UV photodetectors.

Acute pulmonary embolism originating from upper limb venous thrombosis following breast cancer surgery:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Upper limb venous thrombosis(ULVT)is rarer than lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis,and is related to Paget-Schroetter syndrome,central venous catheterization,and malignancy.There are few reports of pulmonary embolism(PE)from upper-extremity vein thrombosis due to surgery.Herein,we report two cases of PE that originated from upper limb venous thrombosis on the surgical side in two patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.These cases challenge the traditional theory that PE originate only from the lower extremities.CASE SUMMARY We describe two female patients,aged 68 and 65 years,respectively,who had undergone modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.They did not have a central venous catheter and did not undergo preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy.They were transferred to the intensive care unit due to symptomatic PE on the first day after surgery.Colour Doppler ultrasound identified fresh thrombosis in their upper limb veins,which was the presumed source of the PE.They all received anticoagulation therapy,and one of them experienced bleeding that required discontinuation of the drug.Ultimately,they were discharged in stable condition.CONCLUSION ULVT as a source of PE after breast cancer surgery cannot be ignored.