山东省龙口市7~18岁中小学生近视患病率调查分析

目的:调查研究山东省龙口市7～18岁中小学生近视患病率情况,为近视防控提供科学依据。方法:采用横断面随机整群抽样的方法于2015-01/12对山东省龙口市7～18岁在校学生以学校为抽样单位进行近视情况的调查,共抽取学校58所,有效抽样61036人。按地域分为城市、城乡结合部及农村3类地区。由相关工作人员在全程质量控制下采用标准对数视力表检查受检者双眼裸眼视力,采用自动验光仪(TOPCONRM8900)在非散瞳情况下行电脑验光检查。采用Microsoft Excel工作表建立数据库,SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:2015年龙口市7～18岁中小学生的总体近视患病率为49.81%,11～12岁时总体近视患病率增幅最快,13岁时轻度近视患病率最高。男性和女性总体近视患病率分别为46.41%、53.39%,女性总体近视患病率高于男性。城市、城乡结合部及农村地区学生总体近视患病率分别为55.18%、49.75%、44.47%,城市学生总体近视患病率明显高于城乡结合部及农村地区。总体近视患病率与年龄呈正相关(rs=0.943,P<0.05),即总体近视患病率随年龄的增长而逐渐升高。结论:山东省龙口市2015年中小学生近视患病率较高,且随年龄的增长而逐渐升高,女性高于男性,城市高于城乡结合部及农村地区。

Comparison between recombinant human parathyroid hormone(1-34) and elcatonin in treatment of primary osteoporosis

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhPTH(1-34) vs.elcatonin.Methods:Sixty palients with primary OP were randomly divided into two groups according to the ratio of 3:1.rhPTH(1-34) group(PTH group) was treated with subcutaneous injection of rhPTH(1-34) 20 μg daily for 18 months,and the elcalonin group(CT group) was treated with intramuscular injection of elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months.Bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine 2-4(L_(2-4))and femoral neck,serum calcium and phosphorus,urinary calcium,serum hone specific alkaline phosphatase(BSAP).and urinary c-terminal telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen/creatinine(uCTX-Ⅰ /Cn were tested at baseline,and 6.12.and 18 months after treatment.Results:In PTH group.HMD of L_(2-4),at 6,12.and 18 months,BDM of Femoral neck at 18 month,BSAP at 6 and 12 months and uCTX- Ⅰ /Cr at 6.12 and 18 months were all significantly raised.In CT group.HMD of L_(2-4) at12 month and that of femoral neck at 12 and 18 months were significantly elevated,while HSAP was significantly decreased at 12 and 18 months,and no significant difference on CTX- Ⅰ /Cr was observed.When BMD growth and growth rate between two groups were compared.PTH group had better improvement in L_(2-4) BMD and growth rate than CT group at 6.12.and 18 months.BMD growth and growth rale of femoral neck al 12 month and its growth at 18 month in CT group were higher than in PTH group,hut there was no significant difference between two groups regarding the growth rates at 18 month.Besides,there were no significant differences regarding the rales ol adverse reactions between two groups.Conclusions:rhPTH(1—34),is safe and effective in the treatment of primary OP.It is superior to elcatonin in improving vertebral HMD at onset time,growth rate and growth range,but inferior to elcatonin at HMD of femoral neck.

Bedside anterior segment optical coherence tomography-assisted reattachment of severe hemorrhagic Descemet’s membrane detachment after ab externo 360-degree suture trabeculotomy combined with trabeculectomy

Dear Editor,We report a case of severe hemorrhagic Descemet’s membrane detachment(HDD)following ab external360-degree suture trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy that was successfully managed with the guidance of bedside anterior segment optical coherence tomography(ASOCT).Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is a complication that impairs vision and is commonly observed after cataract surgery.It’s reported a high incidence(25%-82%)of focal DMD that were mostly subclinical and detected only with gonioscopy[1].

Development and Evaluation of a PCR Kit for Authentication of Panax quinquefolius L.with PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Panax quinquefolius L.(American ginseng)and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer are famous herbal medicines.Accurate authentication of the species has grown to be a significant impact.This study aims to develop a PCR kit for the authentication of Panax quinquefolius L.and Panax ginseng based on the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)gene with the improved PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)method.The reagent components in the development work were prepared and determined by the kit consisting of the DNA extraction,PCR amplification,and restriction enzyme digestion systems.A total of 21 batches of Panax quinquefolius L.and Panax ginseng samples collected from different areas were validated.Their specificity,stability,and repeatability were evaluated.The purity of genomic DNA extracted was 1.73±0.13 according to the ratio of A_(260)/A_(280),and the mass concentration was 3.15±0.22μg/g(using the kit).PCR amplicons of Panax quinquefolius L.and Panax ginseng were 122 bp in length.After the PCR products were digested by restriction enzyme Hinf I,a distinct pattern exhibited in the species of Panax quinquefolius L.with two fragments of 40 bp and 80 bp respectively,whereas those from Panax ginseng in addition to adulterated samples could not.Evaluation confirmed that the DNA kit results were stable and repeatable after 10,15,and 20 freeze-thaw cycles:the evaluation was 100%specific.The DNA kit proposed in the study can be used for the identification of Panax quinquefolius L.

Expression of Transcription Factor FOXO3a is Decreased in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Background： Ulcerative colitis （UC） is associated with differential expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling, including FOXO3a, which encodes a transcription factor known to promote inflammation in several, tissues. However, FOXO3a expression in tissues affected by UC has not been examined. This study investigated the effects of FOXO3a on UC pathogenesis. Methods： FOXO3a expression, in 23 patients with UC and in HT29 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） for various durations, was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantity interleukin （IL）-8 expression in FOXO3a-silenced HT29 cells treated with TNF-α for various durations. Results： The messenger RNA and protein expression of FOXO3a were significantly lower in UC tissues than those in normal subjects （P 〈 0.01 ）. TNF-α treatment for 0, 0.5, 1, 6, and 24 h induced FOXO3 degradation in HT29 ceils. FOXO3a silencing increased IL-8 levels in HT29 cells treated with TNF-α for 6 h （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： FOXO3a may play an important role in the intestinal inflammation of patients with UC.

Optimized Combinatorial Properties of an AlMgSi(Cu) Alloy Achieved by a Mechanical-Thermal Combinatorial Process

Enhancing combinatorial properties,such as excellent corrosion resistance,high strength and good ductility combined,is an important issue for manufacturing high-quality AlMgSi(Cu)alloys.Here,we show that this can be achieved by optimizing a combinatorial process consisting of pre-ageing,cold-rolling and post-ageing to tailor the hierarchical microstructures of the alloy.Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the enhanced combinatorial properties of corrosion resistance,strength and ductility are owing to modification of grain boundary microstructure in good association with changes of precipitate microstructures and a more homogenous distribution of solute atoms,as compared with the microstructures of the alloy processed by thermal ageing only.